Manfred sneps-sneppe

• han dr sc ing
• Researcher at Ventspils University College

The article has two goals: to attract the interest of mathematicians to immunology and to look for ideas for Cyber Defense Systems considering the human immune system as a highly sophisticated defense system against any dangers. An overview of the role of lymphocytes in the immune system (IS), the main IS models, and a few tips for IS mathematical...

The two most important criteria are the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR) for choosing among investment projects. The analysis of IRR and NPV indicates an unequivocal choice among the criteria NPV and IRR. We prepare the IRR rule. The static investment optimization problem of IRR is solved as the optimal usefulness of th...

In this article, we review a new GSMA initiative - Open Gateway. This is a set of programming interfaces for developers and service providers to access the infrastructure of a telecommunications operator. In its initial launch, this initiative includes 8 programming interfaces. They mainly focus on security. There are no software interfaces associa...

Two of the most important criteria are the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR) for choosing among investment projects. In many circumstances, investment projects are ranked in the same order by both criteria. In some situations, however, the two criteria provide different rankings. The debate is an old one (e.g. going back...

This article discusses a new model for building applied mobile services that use location information and operate in a certain limited spatial area. As a basis for building such applications, a new interpretation of the standard features of Wi-Fi Direct is used. The Wi-Fi Direct specification, in addition to defining the form of device connection,...

The purpose of this article is to show, using the examples from the Defense department (available in open sources), that software products are becoming overly complex, practically exceeding the resources of mankind, especially in the context of cyber warfare. For illustration, we use F-35 aircraft Autonomic Logistics Information System, a story abo...

Rapid climate change, the explosion of the population and the reduction of arable land call for new approaches to ensure sustainable agriculture and food supply in the future. Emerging Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, which include smart sensors, devices, network topologies, big data analysis and smart decision making, are considered to be th...

This article discusses an alternative programming model for services that use location information. The paper proposes a new architecture for such services, which does not require users to share information about their location with service providers (services). This architecture is based on the author's proposed network spatial proximity model, wh...

The chapter is devoted to the discussion of the telecommunications development strategy. Communication specialists all around the world are facing the problem: how to shift from circuit switching to packet switching. The same problem is the main challenge for the US Department of Defense. We discuss the Defense Information System Network move from...

The paper concerns mathematical modeling of natural medical products processing. Fick's Laws are forming the core of our understanding of diffusion in solids, liquids, and gases. The drying models mainly Fick's Laws based are described in detail. The drying process of medical plants is relatively well studied. The extraction studies are not so well...

Data transmission using orthogonal functions means combining base carrier signals (scaled by numbers of useful information) into one sent signal. Processing the mixed signal after receiving allows dividing it back into carriers and restoring useful numbers. What is the most compact set of complex sine waves for this? How will the random components...

n this article, we consider application programming issues for proximity-based services. The work uses the abbreviation ProSe (Proximity Services), introduced in the 3GPP specifications. According to the 3GPP specifications, proximity-based services are designed to find devices suitable for organizing direct interaction between devices (D2D - Devic...

The article discusses the issue of training of telecommunications engineers. The architecture of telecommunications solutions is changing very quickly. Obviously, training programmes must also change. Cybersecurity issues are one of the main drivers of change in telecommunications solutions and, therefore, training programmes. They have become the...

The paper is devoted to telecommunication services for digital railways. We discuss a transition from GSM-R to LTE-R and 5G technologies. As a practical use case, we target urban railways development in Moscow, Russia. According to the European Commission, digital railways development should create so-called connected railways by providing reliable...

The article discusses software tasks that should be resolved to implement the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation Program. The DE program identifies nine major digital technologies crucially depending on highly developed software. The article notes that information infrastructure is a crucial element of the Digital Economy. But is such an inf...

In this paper, we propose and discuss a new approach to data sharing among mobile subscribers. Our idea is to use the neighbor discovery phase in wireless networks. It simulates a peer-to-peer network that will work without any telecommunication infrastructure. A single mobile phone (smartphone) will be sufficient both for creating a node of such t...

This chapter describes proposals for organizing university programs on the internet of things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems. The final goal is to provide a structure for a basic educational course for the internet of things and related areas. This base (template) could be used both for direct training and for building other courses, including th...

The article discusses the use of Physical Web approaches for the expansion of social networks. This implies the presentation of data from social networks in a real (physical) context, as well as the inverse task of using information about a real physical context in querying and analyzing data from social networks. First of all, mobile phones of soc...

In this paper, we target the strategy for telecommunications architectures during the transition to the IP-only models. The paper discusses the shifting from circuit switching to packet switching in telecommunications. Particularly, we analyze the coexistence of circuit switching and packet switching technologies in American military communications...

In this paper, we propose the replacement of widely used models of geo-information systems with a new conception based on network proximity. Geo-information systems have attracted great attention and demonstrated big progress in recent times, especially for mobile services. We can point out many objective reasons for this. On the one hand, users re...

The article introduces the theoretical foundations of the modern method of storing, transmitting and processing signals: digital processing. It's a way to use relatively small number of values instead of continuous real signal. For example, when transmitting information in telephony, speech is concentrated in the bandwidth up to 4 kHz. But we need...

In this paper, we discuss data models and data mining for bicycles in Smart Cities. Mobility issues (or Smart Mobility) are one of the main components of Smart Cities. Bicycles, as a transport component in the cities, are on the rise all over the world. At least, it is true for all areas where the climate even minimally allows it. The reasons are q...

First time introduced in Release 12 of the 3GPP specifications, Proximity Services (ProSe in the above-mentioned specification) is a Device-to-Device (D2D) technology that allows two devices to detect each other and to communicate directly without traversing the Base Station or core network. In other words, it is a technology that is oriented (ulti...

The article introduces powerful common tool for the signals analysis-basics of a spectral analysis. It focuses on decomposition into complex sine waves (harmonic sinusoids) called the Fourier transform. Based on qualitative review of the natural phenomenon of visible light (that is the electromagnetic field oscillation in a working range of the eye...

The article describes one of the powerful tools for the signals analysis while transmission-complex mathematics. Here the basic concepts (complex numbers, complex signal as expansion of a real signal to a complex-valued function) and some operations (exponentiation, absolute value and angular phase representation) are introduced. As an example comp...

In this paper, the authors discuss Internet of Things educational programs for universities. The authors' final goal is to provide a structure for a new educational course for Internet of Things and related areas such as Machine to Machine communications and Smart Cities. The Internet of Things skills are in high demands nowadays and, of course, In...

This article is devoted to the issues of streaming data processing in the Internet of Things applications. Stream processing is a natural fit for the Internet of Things applications. Most of the data models on the Internet Things are exactly the data streams. Accordingly, most applications (business applications) are oriented to processing real-tim...

The paper is devoted to 5G project proposal for urban railways. It is obvious, that all the developments in 2018 should follow the digital railway model. As per the European Commission, it means the creation of connected railways by providing reliable connectivity for safe, efficient and attractive railways, enhancing customer experience, value add...

In this paper, we propose and discuss one approach to a data sharing among mobile subscribers. Our idea is to use the identi�cation of wireless networks to simulate some analogue for a peer-to-peer network that will work in the absence of telecommunications infrastructure. A single mobile phone (smartphone) will be su�cient both for creating a node...

The Internet of Things (IoT) data services are designed to be available to other services and users by demand. In other words, in practice, the services should be available at any time and at any location. But the big question here is how the other parties become aware of existing services. Sure, for some use cases we could have a static map of ava...

In this paper, we discuss various models and solutions for saving data in crowdsensing applications. A mobile crowdsensing is a relatively new sensing paradigm based on the power of the crowd with the sensing capabilities of mobile devices, such as smartphones, wearable devices, cars with mobile equipment, etc. This conception (paradigm) becomes qu...

In this paper, we discuss educational courses for Internet of Things and related areas such as Machine to Machine communications and Smart Cities. The Internet of Things models introduce many new business prospects and, of course, they should be presented in the university curriculum. The purpose of the discussed educational program is to examine i...

In this paper, the authors discuss Internet of Things educational programs for universities. The authors' final goal is to provide a structure for a new educational course for Internet of Things and related areas such as Machine to Machine communications and Smart Cities. The Internet of Things skills are in high demands nowadays and, of course, In...

In this article, we consider a service model based on network proximity and using Bluetooth. In this connection, we consider services based on the Core Bluetooth as well as services based on Bluetooth Low Energy. In particular, we present our vision on the applicability of Bluetooth Low Energy for positioning applications. This paper also provides...

In this paper, authors discuss application level interfaces for Software Defined Networks. While the Application Programming Interfaces for the interaction with the hardware are widely described in Software Defined Networks, the software interfaces for applications received far less attention. However, it is obvious that interfaces to software appl...

This paper is devoted to mobile cloud services in Smart City projects. As per mobile cloud computing paradigm, the data processing and storage are moved from the mobile device to a cloud. In the same time, Smart City services typically contain a set of applications with data sharing options. Most of the services in Smart Cities are actually mashups...

The Physical Web is a generic term describes interconnection of physical objects and web. The Physical Web lets to present physical objects in a web. There are different ways to do that and we will discuss them in our paper. Usually, the web presentation for a physical object could implement with the help of mobile devices. The basic idea behind th...

In this paper, we present the Physical Web Browser project for web applications depending on the environment. At this moment, many of users all over the world visit websites using their mobile devices only. Any mobile device (e.g., smartphone) has sensors to capture the environmental information. This information (context) could be analyzed and use...

In this paper, we discuss one approach for development and deployment of web sites (web pages) devoted to the description of objects (events) with a precisely delineated geographic scope. This article describes the usage of context-aware programming models for web development. In our paper, we propose mechanisms to create mobile web applications wh...

The Physical Web is a generic term describes interconnection of physical objects and web. The Physical Web lets present physical objects in a web. There are different ways to do that and we will discuss them in our paper. Usually, the web presentation for a physical object could be implemented with the help of mobile devices. The basic idea behind...

In this paper, we present the review of existing and proposed programming models for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The requests by the economy and the development of computer technologies (e.g., cloud-based models) have led to an increase in large-scale projects in the IoT area. The large-scale IoT systems should be able to integrate diver...

In this paper, we discuss the physical web projects based on network proximity for Smart Cities. In general, the Physical Web is an approach for connecting any physical object to the web. With this approach, we can navigate and control physical objects in the world surrounding mobile devices. Alternatively, we can execute services on mobile devices...

In this paper, we discuss the physical web projects based on network proximity for Smart Cities. In general, the Physical Web is an approach for connecting any physical object to the web. With this approach, we can navigate and control physical objects in the world surrounding mobile devices. Alternatively, we can execute services on mobile devices...

This paper discusses the system aspects of the development of applied programming interfaces in Software-Defined Networking (SDN). SDN is a prospect software enablement for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). So, application layer SDN API will be the main application API for WSN. Almost all existing SDN interfaces use so-called Representational State T...

In this paper, we discuss one approach for development and deployment of web sites (web pages) devoted to the description of objects (events) with a precisely delineated geographic scope. This article describes the usage of context-aware programming models for web development. In our paper, we propose mechanisms to create mobile web applications wh...

This paper discusses the challenges of the Internet of Things programming. Sensing and data gathering from the various sources are often the key elements of applications for Smart Cities. So, the effective programming models for them are very important. In this article, we discuss system software models and solutions, rather than network related as...

This paper presents location based service for telecom providers. Most of the location-based services in the mobile networks are introduced and deployed by Internet companies. It leaves for telecom just the role of the data channel. Telecom providers should use their competitive advantages and offer own solutions. In this paper, we discuss the shar...

The subject of the article refers to services of mobile networks related to a context. We are examining the questions of the development of mobile services employing wireless tags. In addition to this, a new model of usage (application) of Core Bluetooth devices is offered. In our model Bluetooth devices act as tags and are used for reference (bind...

Communication specialists around the world are facing the same problem: shifting from circuit switching (CS) to packet switching (CS). Communication service providers are favoring “All-over-IP” technologies hoping to boost their profits by providing multimedia services. The main stakeholder in this field of the paradigm shift is the industry itself...

This paper discusses the system aspects of development of applied programming interfaces in Software-Defined Networking (SDN). Almost all existing SDN interfaces use so-called Representational State Transfer (REST) services as a basic model. This model is simple and straightforward for developers, but often does not support the information (metadat...

In this short paper we consider the problem of monitoring physical activity in the smart house. The authors suggested a simple device that allows medical staff and relatives to monitor the activity for older adults living alone. This sensor monitors the switching-on of electrical devices. The fact of switching is seen as confirmation of physical ac...

This paper presents a new approach for hyper-local data sharing and delivery on the base of discoverable Bluetooth nodes. Our approach allows customers to associate user-defined data with network nodes and use a special mobile application (context-aware browser) for presenting this information to mobile users in proximity. Alternatively, mobile ser...

Communication specialists around the world are facing the same problem: shifting from circuit switching (CS) to packet switching (CS). Communication service providers are favoring “Allover-IP” technologies hoping to boost their profits by providing multimedia services. The main stakeholder in this field of the paradigm shift is the industry itself:...

In this paper, we discuss the global unified standards for the Internet of Things software products and existing de-facto standards (practical approaches). Using specific examples of interaction with Bluetooth Low Energy tags we compared existing approaches to the development and the proposed global standards (FI-WARE). Can the proposed unified app...

In this paper, we would like to discuss software standards in the connection with the development of emerging telecom applications. Emerging (military) telecom applications present one of the biggest challenges for the developers (design and development) and telecom providers (deployment and maintenance). It is especially true in the context of tra...

This paper presents a new approach for hyperlocal data sharing and delivery on the base of discoverable Bluetooth nodes. Our approach allows customers to associate user-defined data with network nodes and use a special mobile application (context-aware browser) for presenting this information to mobile users in proximity. Alternatively, mobile serv...

This paper provides an overview of micro-services architecture and implementation patterns. It continues our series of publications about M2M systems, existing and upcoming system software platforms for M2M applications. A micro-service is a lightweight and independent service that performs single functions and collaborates with other similar servi...

The paper discusses phone as a sensor model. For many applied tasks smart phones are an ideal platform for collecting and processing context-related data. The most popular example is, probably, computational social science. Phones can collect data for conducting various social researches about people’s social behavior. This paper presents an attemp...

This paper discusses the global unified standards for software products and existing approaches (de-facto standards). Using specific examples of interaction with Bluetooth Low Energy tags we compared existing approaches to the development and the proposed global standards (FI-WARE). Can a unified approach to the creation of services to cover all th...

This paper discusses location-based mobile services. The problem of counting mobile users (mobile phones) in a selected area is considered. The information available from the analysis of wire-less protocols (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) is used for the calculation. The aim of the study is to construct an analog of systems of web statistics operating with real...

There is currently no method for quality measurement suitable for the resolution of disputes between IPTV operators and governing regulators; the G.107 ITU and G.1070 ITU standards employ too many objective measurements, which complicates their application. The appropriateness of the development of practical techniques for collecting subjective qua...

This paper provides an overview for existing and upcoming system software projects in M2M area. In this article we discuss system software models and solutions, rather than network related aspects. The primary goal is to provide an overview of existing models as well as discuss the possible extensions. Can we describe the common points for the diff...

This paper provides an overview for existing and upcoming system software platforms for M2M applications. In this article we discuss system software models from the developer’s point of view, rather than network related aspects. The primary goal is to find the common and reusable aspects across existing models as well as discuss their possible coex...

This article examines the confirmation of mobile phone ownership. We propose a model of digital certificates that can be used to programmatically check the lawful use of the device. The developed model combines device identification and proper identification of the owner in social networks. As a practical deployment and use cases we discuss an addi...

This paper provides an overview of challenges for Internet of Things programming. In this article we discuss system software models and solutions, rather than network related aspects. It continues our series of publications about M2M systems, existing and upcoming system software platforms for M2M applications. We discuss here such issues for IoT s...

This paper introduces a new way of delivering local messages to mobile subscribers. Our application presents a mashup from passive monitoring for smart phones and cloud-based messaging for mobile operational systems. Passive monitoring can detect the presence of mobile phones without active participation from the users. It does not require prior ca...

A global index of communication quality is considered as a linear discriminant function developed previously for channel-switching systems. This index is proposed for use in packet-switched systems. We formulate three problems of the E-model modification used for assessing the quality of Internet telephone and video telephone communication.

This paper describes a new model for presenting local information based on the network proximity. We present a novelty mobile mashup which combines Wi-Fi proximity measurements with QR-codes. Our mobile mashup automatically adds context information the content presented by QR-codes. It simplifies the deployment schemes and allows to use unified pre...

The paper discusses M2M communications standards for smart metering. One of the our goals is to show the failures of ETSI standartization process for M2M communications. Our paper proposes some extesions to ETSI standards. At the first hand, it is M-Bus protocol and Open Metering System based on M-Bus. The paper shows how to estimate wireless M-bus...

This paper describes a new approach to local messaging. Our application combines passive monitoring for smart phones and cloud based messaging for mobile OS (operational system). Passive monitoring can determine the location of mobile subscribers (mobile phones, actually) without the active participation of the users. Mobile users do not need to ma...

This paper discusses several practical use cases for deploying network proximity in mobile services. Our research presents here mobile services oriented for either discovering new data for mobile subscribers or for delivering some customized information to them. All applications share the same approach and use the common platform, based on the Wi-F...

This paper describes a new model for local messaging based on the network proximity. We present a novelty mobile mashup which combines Wi-Fi proximity measurements with Cloud Messaging. Our mobile mashup combines passive monitoring for smart phones and cloud based messaging for mobile operational systems. Passive monitoring can determine the locati...

This paper is devoted to location-based mobile services. The movement (trajectory) data extraction from logs related to network proximity is considered. Usually, this type of pattern extraction (search) relates to trajectory databases containing geoposition information. We consider a model of context-aware computing (a context-aware browser) based...

Many of modern location-based services are often based on an area or place as opposed to an accurate determination of the precise location. Geo-fencing approach is based on the observation that users move from one place to another and then stay at that place for a while. These places can be, for example, commercial properties, homes, office centers...

Many of modern location-based services are often based on an area or place as opposed to an accurate determination of the precise location. Geo-fencing approach is based on the observation that users move from one place to another and then stay at that place for a while. These places can be, for example, commercial properties, homes, office centers...

The paper discusses the current state and development proposals for Smart Cities and Future Internet projects. Definitions of a Smart City can vary but usually tend to suggest the use of innovative Info-Communication technologies such as the Internet of Things and Web 2.0 to deliver more effective and efficient public services that improve living a...

The paper introduces a new approach for using wireless sensors on mobile phones for integrating data from social networks. We describe existing models for integrating sensors and social networks, as well as propose a new practical approach for social context-aware data discovery that uses mobile phone as proximity sensor. Our concept uses wireless...

This paper describes a new approach for using wireless sensors on mobile phones for integrating data from social networks. We describe existing models for integrating sensors and social networks, as well as propose a new practical approach for social context-aware data discovery that uses mobile phone as proximity sensor. Our concept uses new model...

This paper discusses the specific area of M2M applications - Wired Smart Home. It contains the overview of requirements to Wired Smart Home in the scope of energy metering, security, and emergency communications. We consider ETSI activities on M2M standardization, Open Metering System specification, and Emergency Communications. In the field of sof...

This paper discusses context-aware data browsing and data retrieval for mobile subscribers. We describe existing models as well as provide a new description for our SpotEx approach. Our model for context-aware data discovery uses mobile phones as proximity sensors. In our concept, any existing or even specially created wireless network node could b...

We use parallels between the older telephone switches and the multi-skill call centers. We compare different call center routing policies at low and high call rates λ. By numerical results it is shown that a call center with equally distributed skills is preferable compared to traditional grading-type design. The strong proof is given by expansion...