Malay K Das

Dibrugarh University · Department of Pharmaceutical Science

Background: Oral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used for preventing unintended pregnancies and offering various reproductive health benefits. However, their utilization is influenced by numerous factors, including access, education, and cultural beliefs. This meta-analysis aims to systematically review studies from 2019 to 2023 focusing on OC util...

Background: Paclitaxel (PTX) is a potent chemotherapeutic widely used to treat cancers, including breast and ovarian cancer. However, its poor water solubility, severe side effects, and susceptibility to multidrug resistance (MDR) limit its clinical effectiveness. Recent research focuses on nanotechnology-based delivery systems, such as nanoparticl...

Background: The pharmaceutical sector is a critical component of healthcare, driving innovation in drug discovery, development, and delivery. With the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI), digital health technologies, and biotechnology, the industry is transforming rapidly. This review examines the key areas of the pharmaceutical...

Paclitaxel, the first taxane alkaloid to be widely used as a cancer treatment, has revolutionized chemotherapy, especially for breast, ovarian, and lung cancers. Despite its efficacy, paclitaxel's clinical use faces significant challenges, including poor solubility, high systemic toxicity, and the emergence of drug resistance. Early research effort...

Starch has emerged as a new attractive biopolymer for use in pharmaceutical applications, owing to its distinctive physical, chemical and functional properties. This biopolymer has several potential advantages: it is biocompatible, low cost, non-toxic and easily isolated from plant sources. In the pharmaceutical field, starch is used as a raw mater...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease leading to bone and joint damage. The current study reports the development of an herbal anti-arthritic gel formulation incorporating the latex of Alstonia scholaris (AS). Six batches of topical herbal gels (G1-G6) were formulated by dispersion method using different concentrati...

Starch has emerged as a new attractive biopolymer for use in pharmaceutical applications, owing to its distinctive physical, chemical and functional properties. This biopolymer has several potential advantages: it is bio-compatible, low cost, non-toxic and easily isolated from plant sources. In the pharmaceutical field, starch is used as a raw mate...

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory cutaneous disorder, and single-drug therapy is inadequate for curing this disease. Dual-drug therapy with multi-target synergistic effects may be an alternative approach to eradicate psoriasis. This study reports the development of a lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticle (LPHNP)-based polymeric hydrogel fo...

Background In the Dhemaji province of Assam, India, the latex of Alstonia scholaris (AS) is traditionally used as a topical agent for arthritis treatment. This study was designed for the first time to explore AS latex for chemical profiling, in vivo anti-arthritic activity and in silico molecular docking against cyclooxygenase (COX-2).MethodsAS lat...

Background: The different parts of Alstonia scholaris (AS) viz. leaf, bark root, and latex are used traditionally to treat pain, swelling, stiffness, immune deficiency, malaria, ulcer, and arthritis. The traditional healers in Dhemaji district of Assam prescribe raw AS latex for topical treatment of inflammatory diseases. The unique feature of this...

Three-dimensional microneedles (3D-MNs) are the emerging new concept in the biomedical and healthcare sector for transdermal delivery which easily penetrates the skin without pain and enhances drug permeability. This review aims to elaborate on the type of MNs, the material used, and the critical process parameter impact on the fabrication of 3D-MN...

Infectious diseases are contagious and have a substantial impact on worldwide public health. They are the world’s most ruthless killers, responsible for the deaths of an estimated 17 million people each year. These diseases have a more significant impact in developing countries. The most vulnerable are people with weakened immune systems and youngs...

The overcomplicated and elusive pathophysiology with unclear etiology, have been the main driving force of the medical scientists all over the world to develop a predictive, reliable, robust and reproducible simulation model of arthritis. This review highlights the osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis with distinct conditions pertaining to each...

Objective: To manage the increasing burden of skin cancer cases globally and to replace conventional invasive treatments and their side effects, the present study is aimed to develop a transfersomal herbal gel of Green Tea Catechins (GTC) extracted from indigenous green tea and evaluate it for in vivo management of skin cancer in an experimental an...

Cosmetics are used to enhance the beauty of skin and hair and it is an age-old practice. Herbal cosmetics are formulated using natural ingredients with no adverse effects and compatible with all skin types. People prefer to use herbal cosmetics over synthetic one as these products are free from any kind of synthetic chemical agents that cause harmf...

Cosmeceuticals are contemplated as the fastest growing segment of the personal care industry, and the market for personal care is increasing enormously. Cosmeceutical products have appreciable therapeutic efficacy on the skin and other parts of the human body, as drugs and formulations for the treatment of various conditions like wrinkles, photoagi...

The use of nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic drugs to the skin is not new; various products have already been developed to treat various skin injuries and problems including atopic dermatitis, skin cancer, burns and wound healing, and UV radiation. Some commonly used nanocarriers for cosmeceutical products are vesicular systems like liposomes and...

The inherent natural human instinct to appear at their best self has always been the driving force which makes us reach out to cosmetics that can enhance our appearance. And with the never-ending quest of the researchers, another category of products called nanocosmeceuticals, superior to cosmetics, has made its appearance that claims to exert cert...

This review article emphasizes on lipid nanoparticles for cosmetic applications. Lipid nanoparticles are “nanosafe” carrier as they are biodegradable, biocompatible, and excellent tolerance. Many features of lipid nanoparticles like controlled and targeted drug delivery, penetration enhancement, skin hydration, photoprotection, occlusiveness, etc.,...

The bioactive phytoconstituents extracted from herbs are encapsulated and bonded by a phospholipid in a newly emerging technology called Phytosome. The bulk of phytomedicines’ bioactive ingredients, such as flavonoids and glycosides, are water-soluble. Flavonoids are the most common type of bioactive ingredient, and they have a wide range of medici...

Nanotechnology is usually measured to be the prospect of the beauty industry and contemporary antiaging program. The metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are employed as an important agent in cosmetic and beauty preparations. MNPs are mainly synthesized through three approaches—physical, chemical, and biological. Because of certain disadvantages and limit...

Nanotechnology is the most groundbreaking area of research, which has outstretched its arms in various aspects of science. In this expedition of novel nanoscience, the cosmeceutical industries and researchers are also running in a similar pace. Cosmeceuticals are always observed as the profligate emergent fragment of the personal care product trade...

Increased rates of melanoma have contributed to the rise in the use of various sun protection products, which can prevent the harful effects of ultraviolet rays. Although the sun-protective compounds like inorganic and organic UV filters are in trend since last few decades, they are often associated with certain cons like un-esthetic appearance of...

The desire to look always younger thrives the global market of cosmeceutical products that lie between cosmetics and drugs. The global market is estimated to grow at a rate of 8.64% by 2027 which appealed cosmeceutical industries to develop effective products with advanced materials. Today, nanotechnology-based products witness the effectiveness of...

This chapter first defines the terms cosmetics, nanomaterial, and nanotechnology and related terminology before examining current cosmetics regulations overseen by various international regulatory bodies. It then focuses on regulations that apply specifically to nanocosmeceuticals (nanocosmetics), presenting some of the current toxicity and safety...

The use of nanotechnology in cosmetics is increasing tremendously. Thus, the safety and efficacy of these nanocosmetics need to be evaluated prior to their marketing. From the period of manufacturing to the delivery of products to consumers, the stability of the formulations should be maintained for their safety prospect. Therefore, stability testi...

Nanocosmetics are personal care products containing nanocarriers or nanoparticles. These carriers increase formulation efficacy and promote controlled release of active ingredients. Cosmeceuticals are regarded as the fastest growing segment of the personal care industry, and the use has risen drastically over the years. For successful product devel...

Biodegradable polymers are the sustainable alternative to substitute the non-degradable synthetic plastics. The biopolymers and/ or bio-based polymers such as chitosan, starch, poly (lactic acid), poly (caprolactone) have become feasible alternatives to traditional petroleum-based plastics. For the past few decades, a plethora of nanoparticles have...

The present study reports the mechanistic investigation on Mesua ferrea L. seed kernel oil as a natural skin permeation enhancer. The natural oil was extracted by Soxhlation method. The permeation parameters resulting from the ex vivo skin permeation study of the model drug Diltiazem HCl across oil pre-treated pig ear epidermis revealed better tran...

Objective: Curcumin presents poor topical bioavailability when administered orally, which poses a major hurdle in its use as an effective therapy for the management of psoriasis. The present study reports the utilization of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) for the topical delivery of curcumin which can be a potential approach for mitigat...

In the last three decade, rapid development has been observed in the field of medical application of nanostructures. Nanostructures have unique properties compared to bulk material and these can be specially used in light-triggered nanotheranostics (LTNs). LTN are highly used in cancer treatment especially from a therapeutic point of view. LTNs hav...

The modern world has utilized the nanoscale-based drug delivery systems to minimize in vivo toxicity and enhance the efficacy of various therapeutic agents. The approved nanocomposites for clinical use have shown a tremendous effect in the mitigation of drug-related toxicity; however, their application has not shown always translational effect in c...

Cancer remains a disease that owns a level of complexity that claims realistic multistep processes for its diagnosis and treatment. The expedition to enact more specific diagnosis and treatment of cancer instigate to the exploration of an incredible platform called “theranostics.” The term “theranostics” implies amalgamation of therapeutics and dia...

This review summarizes the aspects of noninvasive imaging techniques for diagnosis and treatment of disease promoting prognosis of personalized medicine. Nanoparticles-based imaging techniques, also known as “Nanotheranostics,” are widely used for this purpose. Basically, noninvasive medical imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, X-...

Nanotheranostics that incorporate therapeutic and biomarker moieties in single nanoplatform show wide-scale possibility for noninvasive diagnosis, real-time monitoring, and treatment of brain cancer. This review discusses the application of different classified nanoparticles as theranostics for brain cancer. This includes magnetic nanoparticles, me...

The development of theranostic nanoparticles has greatly expanded the application of nanomedicines for different types of cancers with better diagnosis and therapy. The combination of suitable imaging modalities with chemotherapeutic drugs along with ligand guided or external stimuli-guided site-specific delivery holds great potential for safer and...

The progress of the nanotechnology in the precinct of biomedicine has been outlandish with the successful developments of nanomedicines as well as nanomaterials intended for diagnosis purpose. However, a more sophisticated system blurring the line between diagnosis and therapy has come into the picture. And, this particular intervention is termed a...

Polymeric micelles are self-assembling nanostructures with a hydrophilic shell and a hydrophobic core with a moderate size range of 10–100 nm. Multifunctional micellar nanomedicines are a strategy for advanced cancer chemotherapy. Multifunctional strategies permit passive/receptor-mediated micelle targeting of the cancer site, allow the release of...

Cancer theranostic is the integration of imaging and chemotherapy for the treatment of various types of cancer. Gold nanostars are unique nanoparticles with multiple sharp tips and edges which provide enhanced sensitivity toward various imaging and contrast agents for cancer theranostics. They are biocompatible nanoplatform for photothermal and pho...

Cancer is a global disease and has a high mortality rate. In recent times, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) (size <500 nm) have gained great attention in therapy and diagnosis of cancer because of their viable basic properties suitable for drug delivery, drug targeting, and biomedical imaging. This chapter highlights the advancements of mult...

The significance of personalized medicine has been expanding rapidly, mainly due to more urgent requirement to minimize expensive and irrelevant treatment of cancer. The root of personalized medicine mainly lies in the molecular profiling of cancer cells or the use of biomarkers. With the advances of molecular targeted therapies based on genomic pr...

Cancer is reported to be the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although the radiotherapy remains one of the proven methods to treat tumors, its potential toxicity to healthy tissues cannot be overruled. To minimize this toxicity newer technologies are always exploited by researchers. Radio immune therapy (RIT) is the targeting of tumors with...

Hypoxia, the low O2 concentration, is a notable element of a large portion of the strong tumors. Having an extensive comprehension of tumor hypoxia condition might be a key to tumor treatment. The gigantic novel works have been done to create multifunctional nanoparticulate approach for hypoxia imaging–guided tumor theranostic. The multifunctional...

In recent days, nanotechnology in the form of nanopharmaceuticals and nanostructured materials has found a significant niche in different spheres of pharmaceutical science, for instance, diagnostic imaging, gene therapy, drug delivery, immunotherapy, microsurgery and dentistry. The polymer-based nanopharmaceuticals have relatively gained the intere...

The development of multifunctional nanoparticles has greatly expanded the application of nanomedicines for various health care ailments with better diagnosis and therapy. The combination of suitable imaging modalities with drugs and ligand-guided or external stimuli-guided site-specific delivery holds great potential for safer and efficient therapy...

Cancer-associated mortality and morbidity is linked to tumor metastasis in more than 90% cases. Primary tumor sheds millions of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood circulation as single or clusters of cells every day, which may initiate the metastases in the presence of metastatic precursors. Very little is known about the biology of CTCs a...

Cancer is the most devastating disease currently prevailing worldwide. For the treatment of cancer, various approaches like surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy are utilized have been utilized. However, the nonspecific targeting approach has made the treatment ineffective in the majority of cases. The nonspecific targeting also...

Advancement of multidrug resistance amid microorganisms has turned into a global crisis for chemotherapy of microbial diseases. The progressive broadening of resistant organisms makes people worry regarding antimicrobial resistance. The development of alternative antimicrobials using modern technology by replacing the traditional antimicrobials is...

Nanomedicine is the application of nanobiotechnologies to medicine. This chapter highlights the recent trends and applications of nanobiotechnology in emerging fields of nanodiagnostics, nanotherapeutics, and nanotheranostics including clinical nanomedicine.

Nanotechnology related to the health sector, known as Nanomedicine, has benefited scientific ideas to be implemented in the research and development of Nanomedicine. Nanoscale matter is beneficial over traditional therapy for the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases like Cancer, Diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Even th...

Nanomedicine and nanodrug delivery systems have furnished a platform to upgrade drug delivery using the new idea and carrier systems that conventional formulations have failed to acquire. Drug delivery in relation to nanomedicines should be observed as a science and technology of nanocomplex systems that drive to a special mechanism related to diag...

NeuroAIDS (Neuro Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) or HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) associated neuronal abnormality is continuing to be a significant health issue among AIDS patients even under the treatment of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Injury and damage to neurons of the brain are the prime causes of neuroAIDS, which happens d...

The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors overexpressed in brain capillary endothelial cell (BCEC) membrane were successfully targeted by polysorbate 80 (PS80)-coated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles for brain delivery of nevirapine (NVP). The nanoparticles prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technique were evaluated for mean particle si...

Topics in Anti-Cancer Research covers new developments in the field of cancer. Novel drugs as anticancer agents include natural and synthetic phenazines and other anti-cancer compounds. It also encompasses the role of estrogen as endocrine disruptors and strategies targeting cancer stem cells for the treatment of different types of cancers, includi...

Topical application of antimicrobials at the site of infection offer greater advantages as compared to systemic therapy. The present study reports for the first time, the in vivo wound healing potential of an herbal antimicrobial gel containing pure bioactive leaf extract of Cassia alata L. The methanolic leaf extract exhibited significant antibact...

This book was inadvertently published with incorrect affiliation of the authors Lopamudra Dutta and Biswajit Mukherjee in Chapter 14 and it should be Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

The objective of the present investigation was to optimize and develop Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) loaded Nanostrucrured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) with Compritol 888 ATO as solid lipid and oleic acid as liquid lipid by modified emulsion solvent diffusion method using Central Composite design (CCD). Three independent variables viz., Lipid to Dru...

The major challenges to the clinical application of zidovudine are its moderate aqueous solubility, relative short half-life, and incapability to go across BBB after systemic administration makes the brain one of the dominant HIV reservoirs. We investigated the development of zidovudine-loaded NLCs based on docosanol and oleic acid which were furth...

Objective: Site-specific drug delivery into the colonic region is extremely fascinating for local treatment of various colonic diseases like ulcerative colitis, colon cancer but it should be capable of saving the drug from hydrolysis and degradation. The present study reports the application of jackfruit seed starch and its thiol derivative as a dr...

Aim: The present work investigates the efficacy of Polysorbate 80(P80) coated Kokum butter (KB) solid lipid nanoparticles (P80NvKLNs) for the brain targeted delivery of Nevirapine (Nv). Methods: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared by nanoprecipitation technique and evaluated for drug excipient compatibility studies, z- average particl...

The surface modification of polymeric nanoparticle (NP) with bioactive ligands and/or secondary polymeric layers is a common strategy to govern the interaction of NPs with cells, proteins, and other biomolecules. But such surface engineering is not always so simple when the surface is chemically nonreactive. Because of this, NP surface modification...

Supramolecular chemistry associates the dual concepts of self-arranging and molecular perception to generate novel nanocarrier systems. Nanoparticles have numerous benefits over other drug delivery carriers. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have acquired significant attention as a potential substitutive carrier system to usual colloidal carriers li...

Medical treatment of CNS disorders remains unsuccessful as most of the drugs could not penetrate through the blood brain barrier (BBB). Although several strategies were developed to overcome these problems, still the treatment remains ineffective. To overcome these problems, nanomedicines which are based on noninvasive strategies are an emerging tr...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a carbon allotrope with various physicochemical properties, have gained worldwide interest since last two decades. CNTs are made up of cylindrical shaped graphene foils with nanometric dimension and several micrometres in length. The application of CNTs in the field of pharmacy and medicine is based on their large surface a...

Delivering highly water soluble drugs across blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial challenge for the formulation scientists. A successful therapeutic intervention by developing a suitable drug delivery system may revolutionize treatment across BBB. Efforts were given here to unravel the capability of a newly developed fatty acid combination (stear...

The drug with poor oral bioavailability necessitates the development of novel carrier for efficient drug delivery. This paper reports the rutin–phospholipid complex in polymer matrix for sustained delivery of rutin via the skin for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Rutin in phospholipid complex (RNPs) are better soluble and...

This paper reports the studies on the application of Mesua ferrea L. (nahor) seed oil as a safe pharmaceutical excipient. The nahor seed oil was extracted by hot continuous percolation process using a soxhelt apparatus and analyzed by TLC and LC-MS. The safety profile of the oil was studied by acute toxicity study in a rat model and MTT assay with...

The naturally occurring lipids are non-toxic and biocompatible, hence suitable for pharmaceutical applications. The present study reports the application of mango lipid as a safe pharmaceutical excipient in the formulation of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The mango lipid was extracted by hot continuous percolation process using a Soxhlet ap...

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computer systems developed to mimic the operations of the human brain by mathematically modeling its neurophysiological structure. Neural networks have seen an explosion of interest over the last few years and are being successfully applied across an extraordinary range of problem domains of medicine, engineeri...

Resveratrol-phospholipid complex (Phytosome®) (RSVP) was found better aqueous soluble and permeable than free resveratrol (RSV). RSVPs were incorporated in polymeric patch prepared by solvent casting method using Eudragit RL 100, PVP K30, and PEG 400 for application on dermal sites for sustained treating of inflammation. Prepared patches were evalu...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a neurotropic virus that enters the central nervous system (CNS) early in the course of infection. Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in remarkable decline in the morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients, controlling HIV infections still remains a global health priority. HIV acce...

Purpose: A curcumin-docetaxel co-loaded nanosuspension with increased anti-breast cancer activity was developed. Curcumin is a potential anticancer agent with p-glycoprotein (p-gp) inhibiting activity may be co-administered with docetaxel as a nanosuspension to enhance its anticancer effect by increasing the oral bioavailability and decreasing dru...

Drug resistance has been a major hurdle in cancer chemotherapy. It has been observed that combination drug delivery can be successful in combating these emergences. Hence the present study has been aimed at drug delivery of Docetaxel along with curcumin which serves as a anticancer agent as well as a potent p-GP inhibitor responsible for drug resis...

Cancer is the leading cause of death in economically developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 84 million people will die of cancer between 2005 and 2015. The main weakness of most chemotherapeutic approaches to cancer treatment is that most of them are nons...

Oral bioavailability of Rutin is very low due to solubility issues and first pass effects. Rutin-phospholipid complexes (Phytosomes®) (RN-P)s offer improved physicochemical properties favorable for drug delivery via the skin. The present work aims to develop sustained release polymeric patch containing RN-Ps to treat inflammation. Patch prepared by...

The study is aimed to deliver curcumin nanoniosome topically to treat skin carcinogenesis. Nanoniosomes were prepared by reverse phase evaporation method using Brij S10, Tween 65, Tween 60 and Glycerylmonostearate as surfactant. The morphology of prepared nanoniosomes was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron...

The HIV/AIDS pandemic is an increasing global burden with devastating health-related and socioeconomic effects. The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy has dramatically improved life quality and expectancy of infected individuals. But currently available drug regimens and dosage forms are not good enough to eradicate HIV. Suboptimal adherence,...

The polyphenolic flavonoid Rutin possesses multiple therapeutic effects out of which the anti-inflammatory potential has been well established in the recent literatures. The oral bioavailability of Rutin is very low necessitating its novel drug delivery approach. Phyto-phospholipid complex (phytosomes) is helpful in enhancing oral bioavailability a...