Makoto Inoue

• D. Agr.
• Professor at Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan

This study investigates the complex interplay between climate-related hazards and land cover changes in the Dibalo-Pingit-Zibali-Malayat (DPZM) River Watershed of Aurora province, Philippines. Historical typhoon data underscore the region’s vulnerability to extreme weather events, emphasizing the critical need to enhance disaster preparedness and m...

Mangrove damage is caused by environmental changes in the surrounding area as well as direct and indirect pressures on the existence of mangroves. The preservation of mangrove forests is inseparable from the perceptions and behavior of the community in managing and utilizing mangrove forests. Community decisions to take action in the environment wi...

The concept of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) evolved as a global collaborative endeavour to identify and protect a mosaic of traditional agro-ecosystems and landscapes that are rich in biodiversity and have both cultural and livelihood importance for farmers. In this study, we document prominent features of selected agric...

Agarwood, a valuable non-timber forest product, is threatened by depletion owing to overharvesting. Northeastern Kalimantan collectors in Indonesia practice the selective felling of agarwood-producing trees (Aquilaria spp.). Although this practice has received attention as a sustainable harvesting, some have questioned it. This study aimed to eluci...

Establishing the status of ecosystem services entails knowing the connection between humans and nature, since the ability of a landscape to generate ecosystem services depends largely on how it is being managed. Using the framework of livelihood, income, forest condition and ecosystem services (LIFE) and place of residence, this paper aims to under...

List of Contents: Introduction Part I: Participatory forest management for climate change and rural development in South and Southeast Asia Chap. 1: Participatory forest management policies in South and Southeast Asia Chap. 2: Case studies: Overview Chap. 3: Case studies on participatory forest management for climate change and rural development i...

The natural resources of the Asian region are under severe threats arising from climate change, globalization, urbanization, and the need to keep feeding the ever increasing population. The situation demands for a more effective management of the already depleting natural resource base of the region. However, management of the natural resources is...

Japan has been facing unprecedented social challenges in recent years. This is evidenced by a declining population and birth rate, increasing economic stratification, a changing household structure, public health issues associated with an increasing number of dementia patients, deteriorating local communities, increasing number of unoccupied/vacant...

Local people’s’participation is highly recommended in protected areas (PAs) management. This study aimed at understanding local people’s participation as “means” or tool and “ends” or empowerment in the management of Kinabalu National Park (KNP) in Sabah state of Malaysia and the Kayan Mentarang National Park (KMNP) in North Kalimantan of Indonesia...

Researchers have focused on collaborative governance as an effective measure to realise sustainable natural resource management through the participation of various stakeholders. However, the literature has indicated that issues such as power imbalances tend to undermine the effectiveness of collaborative governance. Powerful actors represented by...

The natural resource base of Asia constitutes a salient foundation for human security as it provides households and communities with various ecosystems, goods, and services. These resources include but are not limited to forests, fishery, agricultural land, pasture, and fresh water. Natural disasters and climate change pose potent threats to each o...

For the past century, climate change impacts and disaster risks have resulted not only in millions of deaths but also in a long-term compromise on human security at various scales, from local to global. Theoretical and empirical bases both reveal how the intertwining relationship of climate change and disaster risk compromises the freedom of people...

In its simplest form, human security is concerned with the provision of “freedom from fear and freedom from want”. In the context of climate change and disaster risks, the existing problems that have long been imperiled human lives are greatly enhanced. Looking back, Asia, in its pursuit of resiliency and security, has exhibited various innovative...

Disasters affect economic and physical development gains, disrupt the social fabric, and pose challenges at different scales. Occurrence of disasters, number of reported disaster events, loss and damage due to disasters, population affected─all these show increasing trends. This significantly affects human security and enhances development. Asia is...

The IPCC 5th Assessment Report (AR5) provides strong evidence that human security will be progressively threatened as climate changes for the worse. Climate change poses a great challenge for states to provide a supportive backdrop, infrastructure, and protection for its people under present and future climate regimes. At the core of addressing thi...

This book explores how climate change and disaster risks threaten human security in Asia. Climate change and disaster risks have emerged as major human security challenges in the twenty-first century, and are an imminent “threat multiplier” with the potential to harm the vital core of human life and curtail people’s freedom and ability to live with...

Forests managed through peoples' participation can help to achieve a number of sustainable development goals (SDGs). This paper, drawing data from four participatory forest management (PFM) projects in south‐eastern Bangladesh, explored: (a) the factors that influenced the outcomes of PFM; and (b) contribution of PFM towards achieving selected SDGs...

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The role of local government units (LGUs) in disaster resilience is crucial for a hazard-prone country such as the Philippines. Although the country has its own institutional framework on disaster risk reduction, a number of issues limit LGUs’ potential to perform its role. This study focused on building institutional resilience of LGUs towards bui...

Qurniati R, Darmawan A, Utama RB, Inoue M. 2019. Poverty distribution of different types of forest-related communities: Case study in Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park and mangrove forest in Sidodadi Village, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3153-3163. Forest has important role in community because it can influence social characteristics...

Landscape fragmentation, the breaking up of land use type into smaller parcels, isdamaging watersheds worldwide. Without addressing its causes, landscape fragmentation canpermanently destroy habitats and compromise ecosystem services (ES) that a watershed provides.This paper aims to establish associations between watershed landscape fragmentation a...

Community-based forest management is unlikely to be sustainable without a process of social learning between the internal and external actors. This situation is evident in West Lampung District in Lampung Province, Indonesia. This research assessed the processes and outcomes of social learning within three villages (i.e. Villages A, B and C) in Wes...

New intervention that demands farmer’s adaptation of new approach to land use, requires understand their perception of the status quo and the potential of the new approach. This is particular important in the case of marginal tea small holders because of their already exposure to vulnerabilities which may make them less comfortable to take risks. R...

Climate change will have a profound impact on human and natural systems, and will also impede economic growth and sustainable development. In this book, leading experts from around the world discuss the challenges and opportunities in building a climate resilient economy and society. The chapters are organised in three sections. The first part expl...

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) is a recent global response to the challenges posed by emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. Global interest in REDD+ is growing and warrants a comprehensive review of what REDD+ is, how it is implemented and what key issues need to be considered to steer REDD+ towa...

The objective of this study is to identify the individual characteristics and the elements of social capital hence a suitable design of social capital reinforcement can be proposed to promote a sustainable community-based mangrove management. The research conducted in three villages that were selected based on mangrove ecological differences in Lam...

The global to local level importance of Indonesian forests for the environment and development is now very well documented. However, how to govern these forests to achieve the diverse and, at times, conflicting interests is still an open question. Hutan Kemasyarakatan(HKm) is a community forest that is being implemented to contribute to local devel...

A decade and a half of the implementation of forestry decentralization in Indonesia has resulted in impacts beyond the theoretical assumption that it would have implications for better forest governance. In fact, the decentralization still keeps standing deforestation and forest degradation rates going up. Moreover it is unable to increase local co...

This chapter studies the capacity of local institutions to receive forest management rights in West Sumatra, Indonesia, where local institutions existed before the enactment of decentralization. We carried out focus group discussions to assess their capacity and a survey to learn its effect to households’ access to forest products. From this fieldw...

Although it is said that societies in Southeast Asian countries are loosely structured, every area has its ownattributes. In such vastly differing societies, the mode of organizing themselves differs between ethnic groups, as well as geographic location. The objective of this study is to understand how local people respond to exogenous development...

Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) of local forest users and governments promoted to achieve sustainable forest Social-Ecological Systems (SESs) by consolidating strengths of these actors. Although much of the writings on CFM acknowledge its potential to deliver sustainable SESs, knowledge about what specific role of government can strengthen lo...

The question of under what settings locally managed forests will lead to successful conservation without frustrating the local people’s subsistence outcomes remains contested. This research investigates the relationship between attributes of locally managed forest SES and its forest and livelihood outcomes using data from 83 forest SESs across seve...

Climate change spurs havoc on social-ecological system. People and places vulnerable to climate change have been the focus of many discussions. However, in the forestry sector, limited studies have been conducted that link human vulnerability to recent initiatives, such as reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation or REDD+, espec...

p class="1Body">The forestry sector in the developing world has been continuously challenged by the unsustainability of forest resources and the threat of climate change. Reducing Emissions from Forest Degradation and Deforestation (REDD+) was launched to address the problem, and the Philippines accepted the challenge by undergoing the 10-year phas...

The Sabah Parks has been experimenting with a new approach to forest governance, namely Community Use Zone (CUZ), in order to safeguard the forests from ongoing degradation while simultaneously providing opportunities for the affected communities to improve their living conditions and livelihoods. Despite the ongoing discourse to expand this approa...

This chapter describes the historical background of village common forest (VCF) in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) and, then drawing on empirical data from Komolchari VCF, examines peoples’ dependency, indigenous management, and forest health. Although public forests have been degraded seriously, the indigenous people in the CHT have been managing...

This chapter illustrates a comparative scenario of four CBFM interventions in terms of socioeconomy, forest attributes , and legal, social, management, and resource system-related characteristics. Socioeconomic attributes reveal that villagers in respective area depend on forest resources (fuelwood, bamboo, timber, leaves, sungrass, vegetable) for...

It is about 35 years that the Betagi–Pomra CF had been implemented. In this chapter, we investigated the impact of Betagi–Pomra CF on livelihoods of participants by employing DFID’s sustainable livelihood framework. Respondents were asked to recall and provide data at the beginning of the project (hereafter BP) and at the time of interview, at pres...

This chapter describes the evolution of CBFM in Bangladesh. Although Bangladesh forest has a history of more than 100 years of scientific forest management, CBFM is a recent intervention. In Bangladesh, this approach has been evolved from a policy emphasis over commercial production toward a more people-centric model designed to support the conserv...

Since 2004, initially the Nishorgo Support Project (NSP) and later Integrated Protected Area Co-management (IPAC) project in collaboration with Bangladesh forest department (FD) have been implementing protected areas (PA) co-management in Bangladesh that aimed to protect rapidly deteriorating forest biodiversity of the country. Drawing on data from...

Community participation is now considered as an important element of any development programs. For development, adoption, and promotion of any agricultural technology, effective community participation is essential. In this chapter, we discuss the process and level of community participation in agroforestry development , state of agroforestry, and...

This chapter presents the background of the inception of community-based forest management (CBFM) in tropical countries, and in particular Bangladesh. It also sets the aim(s) of this book. The CBFM programs have been promoted in many countries as an innovative and potential approach to improved forest management and conservation strategies with a c...

Aim of study: To facilitate REDD+ implementation and identify relevant attributes for robust REDD+ policies, this study evaluated and synthesized information from national forest programs in South and Southeast Asian countries. Area of study: Data was collected from six countries: Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Philippines, India and Thailand....

A study was conducted on how a community forestry program improved livelihood development opportunities while addressing sustainable forest resource management. Data were collected through key informant survey, field survey, group discussions and field observation and analyzed to examine the contribution of a program in Nidahas Gama Sri Lanka using...

Sri Lanka has a paradigm shift in forest resource management refocusing decisions to more decentralized level of governance and moves toward a community based approach. The forestry sector of the country has developed climate change adaptation strategies to improve the forest resources in view of its ecological and socioeconomic importance. Climate...

Climate change presents an unparalleled menace to our globe. Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is a recent global response to the climate change challenge posed by forest based carbon emissions. Global interest in REDD+ is growing unabated, as is researches on the topic. However, there has been limited synthesis wo...

The book is immensely beneficial to the readers to have a clear understanding of various CBFM practices prevailing in Bangladesh. Providing a comprehensive and critical analysis of success stories concerning several CBFM practices in different forest areas of Bangladesh, together with their respective strengths and weaknesses, it identifies sharing...

The objectives of this chapter are 1) describing swiddeners' perceptions on land-use decision-making and land-use strategies in Besiq Village, West Kutai District, where development of large oil palm plantations are planned, and 2) determining the state of oil palm cultivation in Paser District, where oil palm plantations were developed more than 2...

This study demonstrates the potential of transformation strategy (an approach that emphasizes strengthening interdependence among social and ecological systems) to rehabilitate degraded land by examining two cases in Bangladesh and one in the Philippines. The study considers the benefits obtained from forests and forest-related activities in the fo...

This study demonstrates the potential of transformation strategy (an approach that emphasizes strengthening interdependence among social and ecological systems) to rehabilitate degraded land by examining two cases in Bangladesh and one in the Philippines. The study considers the benefits obtained from forests and forest-related activities in the fo...

This article explores changes in the traditional use of forests and their relationship with belief in tiger spirits in the Cardamom Mountains in southwest Cambodia. Locals inhabiting the mountains believe that spirits associated with tigers bite those who violate taboos on forest use. However, the tiger population has declined due to the wildlife t...

Taiwanese economical growth of the last four decades brought huge changes to its society. These changes include some local problems such as gap of living standard between urban and rural area. To cope with these issues, organizations for "community" building have been formed in local society since mid-1990s. Following the movement, Taiwanese public...

This report presents a case study of the two communities in Thono city, Iwate prefecture. The people who live at the edge of the national forest in these communities have formed a cooperative where they are working together to turn their area into a major shiitake mushroom production area and are establishing profit-sharing reforestation within the...

This book presents the remarkable diversity of policy implementation in forest resource management in 14 Asian countries: five in South Asia (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bhutan), six in South-east Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and Laos) and three in East Asia (China, Korea and Japan). It explores how effe...

Rural depopulation is now well acknowledged to be one of the salient challenges faced by Japan (Ohno, 2005; Odagiri, 2006). However, out-migrants that left their village of origin still maintain their bond with the villages through local institutions and natural resources. By taking Mogura village in Hayakawa town, Yamanashi prefecture as a case st...

This book presents the remarkable diversity of policy implementation in forest resource management in 14 Asian countries: five in South Asia (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bhutan), six in South-east Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and Laos) and three in East Asia (China, Korea and Japan). It explores how effe...

ABSTRACT Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is one of the most important commercial crops for Sri Lanka’ s economy including local people generates income from this livelihood activity. Such role of tea farming is being frustrated by ongoing tea land marginalization, a decline in productivity of tea land below national average. This study analyzes small ho...

Abstract Throughout the world including Malaysia, parks and protected areas are commonly managed by strict top down enactments that marginalize local people. This often has resulted in recurrent conflict between park management and communities living in and around these areas. To tackle the problem, Sabah parks in collaboration with Borneo Biodi...

Unsustainable land use systems in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) have damaged the environment and enhanced vulnerability of indigenous people. Promoting improved land use in degraded and abandoned shifting cultivation areas has been widely suggested for better livelihoods and environmental conservation. This article analysed four major land uses,...

With an area of 120,955 ha, Small Tea Farm Holders (STH) constitute about forty percent of the total tea land area of Sri Lanka. In addition to possessing small tea land area, portion of small holders face another serious problem, low productivity of the tea land. With the aim of filling the knowledge gap on the livelihood of Marginal Small Tea Far...

The process to achieve endogenous development can be defined as, “a process of social change with the common goal of protecting and fostering that which is important to local residents who constitute various networks of people from a wide area, including cities and other municipalities outside the village, and align with outside knowledge, skills a...

Though the book was published by University of Tokyo Press, you can place an order for it with Columbia University Press and Singapore University Press. The blurb is given by Prof. Margaret A. McKean.

This study demonstrates the importance of conversion of tea farms in marginal land to fuelwood plantation by analyzing the current biophysical, economic and institutional pros and cons of each land uses for marginal small tea plantation holders (MSTH). The study is based on household survey and field investigation conducted in Matara and Badulla Di...

The Philippines is one of the pioneers to adopt participatory approach in forest management, as embodied in. its national strategy for sustainable forest management and social justice in the uplands, called Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM). The program's almost three decades of implementation saw positive impacts on the livelihood assets of...

The objective of this paper is to consider the effectiveness of environmental sociology in terms of practical policymaking research that connects local praxes with national policies and international treaties. Firstly, “a pincer strategy toward the state” is suggested, in which a researcher with a foothold in the local livelihood arena, one of four...

With consideration of proximate and intricate relationships among rural livelihood, farm land and forestry; this paper examined impact of land tenure reform on local peoples’ forest dependency by taking Ethiopia as case study. The post 1975 major land tenure reform and associated activities such as land distribution and forest demarcation were foun...

Since the 1970s, the implementation of community forestry (CF) programs in Nepal has recognized that local involvement is a prerequisite for sustainably managing forests and fulfilling local resource needs. Although this devolution policy of active local participation has halted and in many cases reversed forest degradation, a comprehensive researc...

The State Forest Company of Indonesia launched its Company-Community Forestry Partnerships sys- tem on the island of Java in 2001 (PHBM system). We examined the PHBM’s effects on the economic lives of participating villagers through a case study in Madiun, East Java. We specifically examined the potential and limits of the PHBM’s contribution to vi...

To examine the REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) program as an alternative to an oil palm plantation in West Kutai district of East Kalimantan, we determined the profitability of land use and REDD+, and the land use preferences and practices of the local people, as well as their participation in and preferences fo...

This article discusses the state of a community forestry program in a protection forest in Indonesia, which has been running for almost two decades. We found that the program did not achieve its objective mainly because of frequent changes in regulations. There are also activities such as: measuring and mapping working area boundaries, drawing up a...

Homestead forests in the Teknaf Peninsula ecologically critical area of Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh have not been widely studied. This paper explores floristic diversity of homestead forests together with their contribution to the household economy and climate change mitigation. Data were collected from a survey of 140 households and a vegetation sur...

Despite its low emissions of greenhouse gasses (GHGs), Sri Lanka is considered as a vulnerable small island nation under climate change. Agroforestry, which uniquely integrates trees into land use systems, has historically contributed to climate change adaptation in Sri Lanka. Hence, the promotion of agroforestry practices is vitally important to e...

Decentralizing property rights from state control to user communities has encouraged people’s participation in forest management. Relatively few studies, however, examine the forest regulations required for exercising such property rights. To address this issue, Schlager and Ostrom’s ‘bundle of rights’ framework was used to examine various forms of...

South Asian upland cultivators are transitioning from subsistence production to commercial production using mainly small-scale rubber cultivation, which helps this transition and reduces poverty. This study, conducted October 2007 through February 2009, examines how small-scale rubber planting enhances people’s livelihoods. Data were gathered from...