Maizirwan Mel

• PhD in Bioprocess Engineering (UTM), 2002
• Professor at International Islamic University Malaysia

The research focuses on optimizing ethanol production from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) by utilizing various ionic liquids (ILs) for pretreatment. These ILs include 1-butyl imidazole, 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium chloride, and choline acetate (ChOAc) as biocompatible IL. The study employs the SuperPro Designer (SPD) software to simulate the...

The presence of microplastics (MPs) in agricultural soil has the potential to contaminate plants and agricultural products with negative impacts on humans and living creatures. Therefore, identifying and quantifying MPs in potato farms is essential to evaluate. This study aims to estimate MPs pollutants in potato farms. This study found that potato...

Ecotourism, natural resource protection, and local livelihood are considered a kind of nature-based tourism that targets two key attributes: the enhancement of livelihoods and the protection of biodiversity. Bibliometric analysis is a quantitative review approach that employs statistics, data mining, and mathematics to identify new academic trends....

Bioethanol has many functions both as a chemical, food and as a source of energy. The development of bioethanol production is currently leading to the residue of the main product. So that in this study the biomass of arena or Arenga Pinatta was used with a large availability of waste. Therefore, a performance and economic analysis was carried out i...

The increasing use of energy causes the availability of energy, especially in Indonesia, to be depleted. This condition encourages humans to develop renewable energy sources, one of which is bioethanol, with the availability of abundant raw materials in nature. However, the development of bioethanol is still ineffective because it requires a long t...

This study emphasizes the impact of using Crude Palm Oil (CPO) as fuel (Bio-oil) on the deposit characteristics formed in the diesel engine power plant. Before entering the engine, CPO was treated by heating, separation, and filtering to decrease its viscosity. Deposit composition and morphology were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope...

This paper presents an optimization of bioethanol production from oil palm trunk sap (OPTS) fermentation. The OPTS was obtained from an old palm tree (30 years old), whereas ethanol fermentation was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sugar content in OPTS and fermentation mother liquor was determined using high-performance liquid chrom...

Oil can be extracted by centrifugation, hot and cold extraction, enzyme extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and microwave extraction. The use of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) has gained widespread popularity. It helps to produce rapid movement of the solvent and results in a higher acceleration and mass transfer speed. In this study,...

Salak [Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss] var. amboinensis cv. Gulapasir has been officially released by the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia since 1994. Salak 'Gulapasir 'is one of five types of fruit that have been designated as the superior fruit of the Bali Province. Salak 'Gulapasir' is preferred by consumers due to its specif...

This study aims to obtain the incentives strategy that can increase the participation of energy users greater than or equal to 6000-TOE in fulfilling their obligations on energy conservation through energy management with Sustainable Energy Performance (SEP). Several steps need to be carried out. First, data collection on industries that must carry...

The purpose was to determine the comparison of giving herbal herbs through feed and drinking water to the productivities of broilers. The research took place in the Closed House Cage and Animal Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The material was Day Old Chick (DOC)...

One crucial period in the provision of food for Hajj/Umrah is the time between opening the package and consuming it by the pilgrims. This study aimed to determine the sterilization time to prevent damage and maintain acceptance by consumers. The methodology of this research was sterilization with variations in retort pressure settings and raw mater...

Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht. emend. Snyder & Hansen.) is the most devastating pathogens causing wilt disease on the tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant, whereas Alternaria solani (Sorauer), is a pathogen that caused early blight on potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) Jatropha curcas L. is a biodiesel material known as a potential fungicide. The i...

In this work, the process of Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) was studied experimentally and numerically. The typical cavity of UCG was a half-teardrop shape. The coal samples were collected from Mae Moh coal mine, Thailand. The coal type is mainly lignite. To generate the gasification process, the coal sample was heated in the half-teardrop cav...

Energy generation using non- renewable sources has always been an issue to the environment. To sustain the environment, gasification process using biomass as carbonaceous fuel is urged to reduce the dependency on coal or fossil fuel as the feed to generate energy. This project focused on identifying the best condition for running a gasification pro...

Soil is paramount to sustaining living in biomass production, water quality control, climatic mitigation, and biodiversity endurance. Closely associated with sustainable agriculture, it degrades soil in the long run, robbing the soil of its production capacity and food-generating ability. In Probolinggo, a regency in Indonesia, intensifying the use...

This study investigated the effect of air equivalent ratios (ERs) (0.1-5) on the temperature distribution in the fluidized bed reactor during gasification and combustion process. The cylindrical reactor with the diameter of 20 cm and height of 150 cm was used in this study. The conical shape connector was installed at the bottom of the reactor for...

Using vegetable oil as a direct combustion fuel is an interesting energy development of lower emissions fuel. In this work, commercial cooking oil extracted from palm oil was burned using a typical nozzle having a diameter of 2 mm. Nozzle gage pressure and preheat temperature of palm oil were varied at 20, 40, 60 psi and 70, 90, 110 oC, respectivel...

One of the renewable and sustainable energy sources to replace polluting fossil fuels is residues of municipal solids and biomass. The efficient management of this energy will help to solve the problems associated with fossil fuels. There are several routes to convert biomass into useful products depending on the biomass characteristics and the nee...

The most efficient oil-producing crop, oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is able to generate a higher yield than soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), and sunflower (Helianthus L). Relatively affordable in price, palm oil is in high demand in Asia. Further than a food source, Crude Palm Oil also serves as feedstock for bi...

As ethical behavior is a part of engineers' professional identity and practice, developing ethical behavior skills in future engineers is a vital component of the engineering curriculum. There are already established instructional methods to teach engineering ethics (EE), however, it is concentrated on ethical awareness, and little attention has be...

The work deals with the simulation of biomass and municipal solid waste pellet gasification using Aspen Plus software. The effects of key parameters on the composition of the emitted gas are discussed, including gasification temperature, moisture content, and equivalence ratio. The sensitivity analysis was studied with the Aspen Plus Software, whic...

Hebel brick (also known as a lightweight brick) is a product of modern building materials because it has a lighter weight but it is stronger than cement bricks and red bricks. Hebel bricks can withstand pressures of more than 4 MPa and are suitable as building wall materials, and speed up construction, and save on cement material costs. One of the...

The use of Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) for bioethanol production requires lignin and hemicellulose removals to provide more enzyme accessibility during the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose. The well-known Dilute sulfuric acid (DS)-pretreatment degraded mainly the hemicellulose with minimal delignification. Oppositely,...

Empty fruit bunch (EFB), a biomass-based waste, was deemed a potential replacement for fossil fuel. It is renewable and carbon neutral. The efficient management of this potential energy will help to deal with the problem associated with fossil fuels. However, a key parameter for evaluating the quality of raw material (EFB) as a fuel in energy appli...

The aim of this study was to develop gelatin coated polystyrene (PS) microcarriers with good cell adhesion and proliferation properties. PS microspheres, prepared using oil-in water (o/w) solvent evaporation method, were loaded with oxygen containing functional groups using an ultraviolet/ozone (UVO3) system. Using water-soluble carbodiimide chemis...

This research aimed to determine the chemical composition of Rawapening, Semarang District, Indonesia water hyacinth and to study the effect of pyrolysis time on the volume of liquid smoke products. The water hyacinth was cut into pieces with a size of about 2 cm to 3 cm, and placed in pyrolisator. A total of 700 g of water hyacinth sample was fed...

The daily needs of energy in remote areas, Indonesia, is dominated by biomass waste. The abundant types of biomass waste for heat transfer is empty fruits shell (EFS) of oil palm as briquette. This research discussed a brief analysis of oil palm shell by using physical treatment at different crushing pressure. It was also to examine the adequate si...

Stevia plant contains steviol glycosides, which are estimated to be 300 times sweeter than sucrose. However, conventional ( in vivo ) propagation of Stevia rebaudiana in Indonesia was not effective due to poor results. Therefore, an alternative method to propagate stevia plants is needed. One of them is by using in vitro method. Multiplication with...

Palm oil has benefits for economic and social development in Indonesia. However, palm oil is faced by several environmental problems most of them due to the land conversion from forest to the palm plantation. Therefore, numerous greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental effects also emitted during palm oil and biodiesel production. The life...

The implementation of this research consists of 2 (two) aspects: the making and testing of bio-briquettes called technological aspects and economic analysis called economic aspects. Bio-briquettes is made from cashew nutshell waste obtained from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is followed by pyrolysis, which is carried out in a simple batch type...

This study investigates the combustion process of empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm kernel shells (PKS) in a bubbly fluidized-bed combustion chamber. The biomass combustion simulation process uses a kinetic model consisting of chemical kinetic and hydrodynamic flow. This modelling is based on the two-phase theory in the fluidized bed. Where both p...

The researches on fuel alternative for the spark-ignition engine are currently conducted intensively, including the use of methanol-gasoline blend. One of the problems faced against the use of this fuel is the decreasing of engine performance. In this research, the use of the additive in a spark-ignition engine fueled with methanol-gasoline M15was...

Previously, there were many extraction methods that had been done on extracting the oil such as centrifugation, chilling and thawing, hot and cold extraction, on seeds, waste products and plants. Based on those oil extraction methods (OEM), further study is needed to develop more effective processes as most of the methods were having many disadvant...

This study proposed a novel activated carbon which was prepared from coal spills by physical activation. It was activated in tube furnace at 500 °C with nitrogen injection. Based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses, the coal spills-based activated carbon (CSFAC) was expected to have more pores and ca...

One of the technologies that can be used to meet energy needs is biomass combustion. In this study, the oil palm biomass fuels used were empty fruit bunches, oil palm fibers, oil palm midribs, and palm kernel shells. This research was carried out by a direct combustion method using a fluidized-bed combustor. The purpose of this experiment was to in...

Most tasks can be done remotely nowadays with the help of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT can also be applied in the agriculture sector such as aquaponics where water quality is crucial to be kept track at all time to avoid loss of resources. Personnel used for water quality checking on-site is becoming less practical for the technologies availab...

Nowadays, automation has become an essential feature in various applications. Agriculture is a crucial sector in which human being heavily depends on. Aquaponics is one of the efficient approaches in agriculture. Human resource allocated for aquaponics maintenance is very inefficient in terms of workload as compared to the time spent especially wit...

Oil palm production can convert and produce biomass waste, which has high energy value. Oil palm biomass (OPB) that can be discarded includes empty fruit bunches, palm oil leaves, stems, palm kernel shells and mesocarp fibres. Palm oil mills can produce a variety of products, one of which is renewable and sustainable energy, especially for power pl...

The higher the human population, the higher the demand for food supply from the agriculture sector. However, healthy and environment-friendly plant-based food production is very time-consuming. Water quality checking by the human resource is no longer efficient in the presence of technology today. Thus, a water quality monitoring system for aquapon...

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is still a serious problem in Indonesia. As well as following up on the Indonesian Government’s commitment to reduce carbon emissions, a Presidential decree Perpres Number 18 of 2016 concerning the Acceleration of the Development of Waste-Based Power Plants was made. It is expected that the construction of Waste-Based Po...

Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) have significant properties such as low density, high specific resistance, excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability, low-cost, low abrasive nature, and reactive surface for easy modification. Water contamination from various sources has become a serious problem in recent years. Hence, this study will serve the...

Biogas from cow dung is alternative energy in overcoming the energy crisis. One of the simpler technologies in biogas is an anaerobic digester made of cow dung as a substrate. Cow dung will optimally produce biogas by reducing the particle size of the substrate. Research has been carried out by designing a low-cost blender and low-energy device. T...

Adhesion, IL–1β, TNF–α are components that affect in inflammation. So, the effect of steeping green and black Robusta coffee beans to adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on this components. This study used monocytes isolated from healthy human peripheral blood using Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation method. Monocytes were divided into eight groups, i. e....

Technology today had advanced rapidly for the betterment of our life. However, agriculture seems to be left behind in the rapid progress. With the growing population nationwide, more food is required especially in the agriculture sector. Aquaponics is an efficient approach for food production which combines plant and fish farming together. In aquap...

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has remote locations. In such areas, the price of diesel fuel might be very costly. Hence, it is very burdensome for the community because this type of fuel is needed by diesel engines to drive generator sets, agricultural and production purposes. The utilization of dual-fuel diesel-gas engine is expected a...

Fermentation quality of Pennisetum purpureum (Schumach) cv. Mott ensiled with Lactobacillus plantarum [(Orla-Jensen) Bergey et al.] and sugarcane molasses in tropical condition was evaluated. Approximately 100 g portion of wilted material chopped into 20 mm lengths packed into plastic film bags and sealed with a vacuum sealer. T0 was untreated sila...

Tilapia (Indigofera sp.) is used as animal feed because it has a crude protein content of 28.98 % and crude fiber content is 8.49 %, so it is considered as an energy source rich in nutrients. Tilapia plants are plants that are adaptable in a variety of diverse environmental conditions, such as acid soils and long dry climates. Utilization of tilapi...

This study aimed at replacing the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) as the feed additive with the Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith extract (ZZE) to control Salmonellosis in broiler chickens. This study employed the completely randomized design (CRD), five treatments, namely: T0 (basal diet), T1 (basal diet + S. enteridis infection), T2 (basal di...

Coffee flour (CF) from coffee pulp or husk, solid waste of coffee processing have launched in Canada since 2015. This product is claimed as certified of gluten-free, vegan, kosher, paleo, and non-GMO. Coffe flour is stated to contain three times Fe content than fresh spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Several receipts of cookies, donuts, and cakes usi...

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) for injectable bone cement application has been developed in this study. The CPC was produced using a novel wet chemical precipitation method derived hydroxyapatite (HA) powder. The calcium and phosphorus precursors used to synthesize HA powder were calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH) 2 , and di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate, (NH...

This study discusses a brief analysis of cow manure waste treatment by using monitoring and controlling oxygen gas in the biogas reactor to determine the minimum amount of oxygen gas concentration for biogas production. The six liters of biogas reactor was used for treating cow manure waste. The initial condition was the biogas reactor contains oxy...

The present paper reports on the effect of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) addition on injectability, setting behaviour, and mechanical properties of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) for injectable bone filling applications. Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate, (NH4)2HPO4, have been used as precursors in wet chemical precipitati...

Desalination allows to pipe viable water supply from ocean, the largest water resource, as potable water for drink and daily usage. The technology such as thermal distillation and membrane separation technology requires intense energy source. Almost all desalination plants using fossil fuel as their primary energy source, which leads to many challe...

Malaysia has a great development in biomass industry. The industry needs to use synthesis gas analyser for monitoring gas composition in the process of gasification. Since there is no local production of such analyser, it is commonly imported from oversea for a very high price. Furthermore, analysers in the market are not easily customized which en...

Due to high potential of pollution risk of the untreated palm oil mill effluent (POME), it can be treated and converted into methane gas and with a further conversion that can produce into methanol. Previously, methanol is widely used in domestic and industrial applications as a solvent. It has a unique characteristic, which are colourless, flammab...

The formation of biogas in an anaerobic digester is a complex fermentation process of organic compounds involving microorganisms. The biogas production can be enhanced by using a mixer, which depends on its rotational speed. This study investigated the effect of mixer rotational speed on biogas production in an anaerobic continuous stirred bioreact...

Bio-pellet is an important fuel for sustainable energy in future and a potential renewable energy substitute for rural areas, East Java of Indonesia in particular. One of the candidates for solid fuel is coffee husk pellets, it is a bio-product produced from coffee production waste. In this research, focus is on hole design of stove that could be u...

Due to high potential of pollution risk of the untreated palm oil mill effluent (POME), it can be treated and converted into methane gas and with a further conversion that can produce into methanol. Previously, methanol is widely used in domestic and industrial applications as a solvent. It has a unique characteristic, which are colourless, flammab...

The liquefaction of biogas appears to be an appropriate solution in cases where logistics constraints arise due to the absence of a transportation network. In liquid form, biomethane is easy to transport to its point of use. Aspen HYSYS, computer-aided process design programs, widely used in chemical and thermodynamic process industries, which has...

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is a liquid waste of oil palm factory that pollutes the environment but is very useful as a raw material for producing biogas. POME processing has advantages to meet environmental requirements and to produce commercialized products. Although there are already enough biogas systems installed in oil palm factories, they...

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is a liquid waste of oil palm factory that pollutes the environment but is very useful as a raw material for producing biogas. POME processing has advantages to meet environmental requirements and to produce commercialized products. Although there are already enough biogas systems installed in oil palm factories, they...

Biogas is one type of renewable energy that can be produced from substrates in the form of industrial waste. Biogas formation is a complex series of biochemical processes and involves many types of anaerobic microorganisms. In an anaerobic digester, synthropic reactions are considered to be the process steps that limit the formation of this biogas....

Sludge treatment is one of the most important and expensive steps in water and wastewater treatment plants. Chemical conditioners such as polyaluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, Fenton's reagent, gypsum, and polyacrylamide can produce byproducts that cause health and environmental problems. Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds can be used as a natural alte...

Received 5 November 2017 Received in revised form 15 December 2017 Accepted 21 December 2017 Available online 31 December 2017 Biogas is one type of renewable energy that can be produced from substrates in the form of industrial waste. Biogas formation is a complex series of biochemical processes and involves many types of anaerobic micro-organism...

A small pilot scale of bubbling fluidized bed gasifier was designed and fabricated. The diameter of reactor (D) is 20 cm and the total height of the reactor from the bottom end of the cone to the top is 160 cm. The feedstock used was palm kernel cake which the size range of 1-10 mm. The mass feeding rate of feedstock was fixed at 0.05 kg/min, and f...

In this work, the effect of single and double air inlets on swirling flow in a reactor of fluidized bed gasifier was studied numerically. The reactor diameter (D) was 20 cm, and the reactor length was 7.5D. The geometry of the reactor bottom was conical. In order to generate swirling flow in the reactor, the air inlet pipe with inner diameter of 46...

The objective of this study is to determine the effects of excess calcium on the handling and mechanical properties of hydrothermal derived calcium phosphate cement (CPC) for bone filling applications. Hydroxyapatite powder was synthesized via hydrothermal method using calcium oxide, CaO and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, NH4H2PO4 as the calcium an...

Polycaprolactone (PCL) has many advantages for use in biomedical engineering field. In the present work PCL microcarriers of 150-200 μm were fabricated using oil-in-water (o/w) emulsification coupled with solvent evaporation method. The surface charge of PCL microcarrier was then been improved by using ultraviolet/ozone treatment to introduce oxyge...

Fabrication of silica ceramics via the sol-gel method has offered more advantages over other methods in the fabrication of ceramic membrane, such as simple operation, high purity homogeneous, well defined-structure and complex shapes of end products. This work presents the fabrication of silica ceramic membrane via sol-gel dip-coating methods by va...

The effect of powder-to-liquid ratio and addition of poly(ethylene glycol) on the antiwashout behavior of calcium phosphate cement has been investigated. Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate, (NH4)2HPO4, were used as precursors with distilled water as the solvent in the wet chemical precipitation synthesis of hydroxyapatite...

The huge amount of coffee pulp waste is an environmental problem. Anaerobic fermentation is one of the alternative solutions. However, availability of coffee pulp does not appear for year-round, whereas biogas needs continuous feedstocks for digester stability. This research uses coffee pulp from Arabica Coffee Factory at Mengani, Kintamani, Bali–I...

Research and development sectors have made great efforts for finding cleaner and greener supplements for fossil fuels. The uses of POME (Palm oil Mill Effluent) as feedstock of biogas production has attracted many industries to produce energy because this source (waste) is abundance and not fully utilised. Methane from biogas production has shown t...