Mahmoudi Mahmoud

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Inappropriate payments by insurance organizations or third party payers occur because of errors, abuse and fraud. The scale of this problem is large enough to make it a priority issue for health systems. Traditional methods of detecting health care fraud and abuse are time-consuming and inefficient. Combining automated methods and statistical knowl...

Physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for death worldwide. Given the key role of employees as valuable human resources and increasing sedentary life style among them, the aim of this study was to evaluate physical activity status and position of governmental employees in changing stage based on the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) in H...

INTRODUCTION: The present study examined the favorable attitude of a sample of female university students regarding elective cosmetic surgery, body dysmorphic disorder, self-esteem and body dissatisfaction following a media literacy training intervention. METHODS: This study was a quasi-experimental type. The study sample included 140 female univer...

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are both common public health problems worldwide. Hemodialysis (HD) is one of the main ultimate modalities of renal replacement therapy in these patients. The aim of this study was to compare the different parametric (Weibull, Gamma, Gompertz, Log-logistic and Lognormal) su...

Background and objectives: Human Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is the causative agent for many dermal to neurological diseases especially polio-like paralysis outbreaks around the world. This study, the first of this kind in Iran, aimed to find neutralizing antibodies against EV-A71 in serum of healthy individuals in different age groups based on neutra...

Background and Objective: Esophageal cancer (EC) has been identified as one of the most common cancers in the northeastern regions of Iran. In our study, parametric non-mixture cure rate model was applied to evaluate the effects of risk factors on the long-term survival of patients with EC in East Azarbaijan, Northeastern Iran. Materials and Method...

In the original publication, seventh author's name was incorrectly published as 'Maryam Golaram'.

Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The global increasing rate of this type of cancer requires more attention. The purpose of this study was to determine the overall survival probability of esophageal cancer after diagnosis and to assess the potential risk factors in a population of Iranian patients. Mater...

Opioid system plays a significant role in pathophysiological processes, such as immune response and impacts on disease severity. Here, we investigated the effect of opioid system on the immunopathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine (FI-RSV)-mediated illness in a widely used mouse model. Female Balb/c mice were immunized at days 0...

Objectives: Consecutive community health assessments revealed that water pipe smoking in ‎women as well as child impaired growth are amongst the main health concerns of the ‎suburban communities in south of Iran. The aim of the present study was to identify the ‎effects of water pipe smoking during pregnancy on birthweight of the infant.‎. Method...

Background: Cigarette smoking is one of the most important public health problems. Objectives: This study determined the personal and environmental predictors of transition across smoking stages using cross sectional data. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 4 853 students (14 to 19 years) completed a self-administered multiple-choice anonymous...

Background: Cigarette smoking is one of the most important public health problems. Objectives: This study determined the personal and environmental predictors of transition across smoking stages using cross sectional data. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 4 853 students (14 to 19 years) completed a self-administered multiple-choice anonymous...

Objectives Identification of the causal impact of self-esteem on smoking stages faces seemingly insurmountable problems in observational data, where self-esteem is not manipulable by the researcher and cannot be assigned randomly. The aim of this study was to find out if weaker self-esteem in adolescence is a risk factor of cigarette smoking in a l...

Relative risks (RRs) are often considered as preferred measures of association in randomized controlled trials especially when the binary outcome of interest is common. To directly estimate RRs, log-binomial regression has been recommended. Although log-binomial regression is a special case of generalized linear models, it does not respect the natu...

Background: Cigarette smoking is one of the most important health-related risk factors in terms of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we introduced a new method for deriving the transitional probabilities of smoking stages from a cross-sectional study and simulated a long-term smoking behavior for adolescents. Methods: In this study in 2010,...

Objective: We tested three artificial miRNAs with human hsa-miR30a (common miRNA), hsa-miR150 (T cell specific miRNA), and hsa-miR122 (liver specific miRNA) backbones in HEK-293T and Jurkat cell lines. Methods: Artificial miRNA processing and knockdown efficiency were analyzed by stem-loop RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, luciferase assay and target challenging...

Background: Over the last two decades invasive candidiasis has become an increasing problem in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Colonization of skin and mucous membranes with Candida spp. is important factor in the pathogenesis of neonatal infection and several colonized sites are major risk factors evoking higher frequencies of progression t...

Background & Aim: Esophageal cancer is one of the main common causes of death. The high prevalence of esophageal cancer in northern Iran is an important public health problem. The main aim of this paper was to assess the factors affecting survival of patients with esophageal cancer in neighbor provinces around the Caspian Sea using Weibull mixture...

Background: Gastric cancer is the one of the most prevalent reason of cancer-related death in the world. Survival of patients after surgery involves identifying risk factors. There are various models to detect the effect of risk factors on patients' survival. The present study aims at evaluating these models. Methods: Data from 330 gastric cance...

Background: Twin pregnancies are commonly associated with low birth weight (LBW) infants. Most studies focus on growth of LBW compared with normal infants in singleton. However, there has not been any study on twins to compare LBW with normal birth weight (NBW) infants as a match control of the same twin. Methods: This cohort study was conducted...

Background We aimed to identify the indicators of healthcare fraud and abuse in general physicians’ drug prescription claims, and to identify a subset of general physicians that were more likely to have committed fraud and abuse. Methods We applied data mining approach to a major health insurance organization dataset of private sector general p...

Background: Binary outcomes are common in prospective studies such as randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. Logistic regression is the most popular regression model for binary outcomes. Logistic regression yields an odds ratio that approximates the risk ratio when the risk of outcome is low. A consensus has been reached in an extensive a...

The survival rate reflecting prognosis of breast cancer patients is usually estimated based on crude survival methods such as observed and cause-specific. In situations where data are based on population-cancer registries, this method may produce biased estimations. This study therefore aimed to estimate the net survival of breast cancer based on r...

Background: It is necessary to consider into hospital emergency services' quantity and quality in different aspects such as time-to-provider, left-without-treatment and length-of-stay. The aimof this research was to identify the effect of these factors on patient satisfaction in training hospitals. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical and cro...

Background and objectives: Iranian chronic HBV carrier's population has shown a unique pattern of genotype D distribution all around the country. The aim of this study was to explore more details of evolutionary history of carriers based on structural surface proteins from different provinces. Materials and methods: Sera obtained from 360 isolat...

In the recent decades, healthcare providers had a perspective of benevolent paternalism. Nowadays, the patients' role has changed and they have a significant obligation to participate in their caring decisions. The current study aimed to investigate the involvement of patients and public in the patient safety and treatment process in hospitals affi...

Cox proportional hazard model is a popular choice in modeling the survival data, but sometimes proportionality assumption is not satisfied. One of the tools for handling the non-proportional effects is the multiplicative-additive model named "Cox-Aalen model". Recently these flexible regression models developed for competing risks setting. The aim...

Physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for death worldwide. Given the key role of employees as valuable human resources and increasing sedentary life style among them, the aim of this study was to evaluate physical activity status and position of governmental employees in changing stage based on the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) in H...

Background: Since the population of Iran is aging, there is a growing need for more information about the quality of life (QOL) of this group. Proper planning for this age group with the aim of increasing their quality of life depends on the identification of factors associated with QOL.. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if t...

Background: Work settings provide a unique opportunity for health promotion interventions. Considering the issue of obesity in employees, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the intervention based on new communication technologies and the social cognitive theory (SCT) on weight control in the governmental employees of Hamadan City, w...

Inappropriate payments by insurance organizations or third party payers occur because of errors, abuse and fraud. The scale of this problem is large enough to make it a priority issue for health systems. Traditional methods of detecting health care fraud and abuse are time-consuming and inefficient. Combining automated methods and statistical knowl...

Objective: The mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is the well-established etiological agent of mammary tumors in mice. A series of studies have implicated that a human murine mammary tumor virus-like virus occurs in human breast cancer, but it is unclear whether it has any causal role. Methods: The aim of the present study was to investigate the p...

The 5-year survival rate is a good prognostic indicator for patients with Gastric cancer that is usually estimated based on Kaplan-Meier. In situations where censored observations are too many, this method produces biased estimations. This study aimed to compare estimations of Kaplan-Meier and Weighted Kaplan-Meier as an alternative method to deal...

Background: Respiratory viruses are the leading cause of respiratory tract infections among children and are responsible for causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study was performed to detect viruses in children with respiratory infections and describe their epidemiology and clinical characteristics. Methods: In this descriptive cross s...

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between vaccine therapy and appearance of mutations in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients. 16 patients received the HBV vaccine and another 16 individuals from the control group did not. The surface gene was amplified and directly sequenced fro...

Background Cosmetic surgery, including rhinoplasty, has been dramatically increasing in Iran through the last two decades. It is performed mainly on the youth for the purpose of beauty, an area not directly related to medicine but strongly medicalized. This study aimed to explore the effects of rhinoplasty on the quality of life experienced by indi...

Introduction: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is endemic in southeast Iran. In this study we present the epidemiological features of CCHF and its relationship with climate factors in over a 13-year span. Methodology: Surveillance system data of CCHF from 2000 to 2012 were obtained from the Province Health Centre of Zahedan University of M...

Gastric cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men and the third most prevalent cancer among women in Iran. Its most important reason for death is its belated diagnosis at the advanced stages of the disease. Various factors can be effective on the survival of these patients after surgery, which are the major concern in this study. Data from 330...

Background & Objectives: One of the major questions in epidemiological and social science researches is studying the relationship of the living place with social and health outcomes. In this study, we measured segregation indices for a number of important socioeconomic indices using the 2006 Iranian census data to find out whether residential segre...

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease with high disabling disorders and considerable social and economic impacts. This study was conducted to analyze the spatial distribution of MS disease in Tehran, Iran during 2001-2012. Methods: The existing information in the MS patients’ medical files who had registered in Iranian MS Society (IMSS),...

Background: Accurate assessment of disease progression requires proper understanding of natural disease process which is often hidden and unobservable. For this purpose, disease status should be clearly detected. But in most diseases it is not possible to detect such status. This study, therefore, aims to present a model which both investigates th...

The presence of viral DNA in breast cancer cells is controversial. However, some studies have revealed a possible role for the human papillomavirus in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of HPV-DNA in breast tissue in a group of Iranian women with and without breast cancer and identificati...

Background: In chronic hepatitis B (CHB), the presence of hepatic steatosis (HS) seems to be associated with known host and viral factors which may influence the long-term prognosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), probably leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Different from chronic hepatitis C (CHC), factors associated with HS in...

A wide variety of functions has been attributed to ghrelin, a peptide hormone secreted in the stomach. The objective of the study was to assess the association of ghrelin concentrations with body composition among Iranian children. In this study, blood samples of 57 boys and 54 girls aged 6-10 were collected to measure ghrelin levels. Fat mass (FM)...

Introduction: Kidney allograft failure is a major concern in kidney transplant recipients. We separately assessed risk factors for long-term and short-term survival of death-censored kidney allograft. Materials and methods: This study included 397 kidney recipients who underwent surgery in Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran, from 2004 to 2010. Th...

To improve patient survival after a renal transplant, it is important to detect which variables affect it. This study aimed to assess the effect of renal allograft failure on patient survival. This retrospective cohort study included 405 renal transplant patients from Kerman University of Medical Sciences hospital, Kerman, Iran from 2004 to 2010. K...

In Iran, more than 100 humans and many livestock species have shown to be infected in the northern province of Mazandaran, at the Caspian Sea shore. This picture suggested the need for further multidisciplinary studies to ascertain the extent of the problematics. Three species of lymnaeids were found throughout most of Mazandaran: Lymnaea (Stagnico...

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is endemic in the southeast of Iran. This study aimed to predict the incidence of CCHF and its related factors and explore the possibility of developing an empirical forecast system using time-series analysis of 13 years’ data. Data from 2000 to 2012 were obtained from the Health Centre of Zahedan University...

Renal transplantation is a therapy for end-stage renal disease. During the study of recipients' survival after renal transplantation, there are some events as intermediate events that not only affect the recipients' survival but also events which are affected by various factors. The aim of this study was to handle these intermediate events in order...

Postpartum care at home is a post delivery care method that can be provided by public health nurses, trained health workers, or midwifery nurses. A study conducted to compare effect of two midwife visits at home to usual postpartum care on the healthy behaviors of low-risk Iranian mothers. A randomized controlled trial conducted on 200 mothers at a...

Article type: Original article Objective (s): The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between vaccine therapy and appearance of mutations in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients. Materials and Methods: 16 patients received the HBV vaccine and another 16 individuals from the control gro...

Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths all over the world and the most important reason for its high rate of death is its belated diagnosis at advanced stages of the disease. Events occur in patients which are regarded not only as themselves factors affecting patients' survival but also which can be affected b...

Background: Research on cancers with a high rate of mortality such as those occurring in the stomach requires using models which can provide a closer examination of disease processes and provide researchers with more accurate data. Various models have been designed based on this issue and the present study aimed at evaluating such models. Materia...

The prevalence of depression especially among youths is increasingly high. The present study is aimed to identify some demographic and psychological factors such as self-efficacy and perceived stress that may be related to depression among male adolescents. Overall, 402 adolescent were selected for participation in the study using multistage sampli...

Keywords: endotoxin; T7 phage; detergent; ultrafiltration.

In a good deal of studies cholesterol distribution, as a risk factor, demonstrates a special treatment towards age so that it shows an upward trend up to an age group and exhibits a downward trend for older age brackets thereafter. To investigate this phenomenon, two general points of view are presented. First, this issue may occur naturally for ma...

Measures of segregation are essential tools for evaluation of social equality. They describe complex structural patterns by single quantities and allow the comparison of inequalities over time or between residential places. In many countries, patterns of residential segregation are well described (e.g., South Africa, Great Britain, United States of...

Many lines of evidence propose that psoriasis is a T cell-mediated disease where T cell activation is followed by secretion of inflammatory cytokines. To elucidate the functional state of T cells in guttate psoriasis, we analysed mRNA expression levels of T-bet and GATA-3 for Th1 and Th2 differentiation, respectively together with Th1 (IFN-γ) and T...

Liver transplantation (LT) is the only treatment option for patients with advanced liver disease. Currently, liver donation to these patients, considering priorities, is based on the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD). MELD score is a tool for predicting the risk of mortality in patients with advanced liver disease. However, few studies have...

Background: Peritoneal dialysis is one of the most prevalent types of dialysis prescribed to the patients suffering from renal failure. Studies on the factors affecting the survival of these patients have mainly used log-rank test and Cox analysis. The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors affecting short- and long term survival of pa...

Despite Echinococcus granulosus, there are merely two old reports of E. multilocularis infection among Iranian canids of Moghan Plain, the only area known endemic for the species. We detected specific DNA markers in fecal samples by PCR (Copro-PCR) for differential diagnosis of Echinococcus species in living canids. Totally 144 fecal samples from d...

Healthy lifestyle habits during adolescence can prevent many of the diseases and disabilities in adulthood and later. The aim of the study was to examine the role of education in improving lifestyles among Iranian adolescents. This group randomized controlled trial was conducted during October 2010 until January 2011 in Tehran. Participants for thi...

Oncolytic viruses have become of noticeable interest as a novel biological approach for selectively infecting cancer cells and triggering apoptosis in a number of malignant cells. Many researches are devoted to characterize more viruses with oncolytic properties. Evidences on the oncolytic feature of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are conflictin...

Immunomodulators and Nucleotide analogues have been used globally for the dealing of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the development of drug resistance is a major limitation to their long-term effectiveness. The aim of this study was to characterize the hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase (RT) protein variations among Irania...

Background and purpose: Childhood obesity is an important health issue in Iran, however, there is not enough information about the effects of entertainment media on this issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the times spent watching TV and playing games with body composition in children aged 6-9 years old in Tehran. M...

Cancers are the second most common cause of non-accidental deaths in Iran, following cardiovascular deaths. Mazandaran, near the Caspian Littoral at north of Iran have identified as a several-high incidence area for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) in the world. Several associated risk factors, such as dietary and cultural habits, infectio...

Presently appearance of resistance to antifungal agents among Aspergillus species is dramatically increasing. The objective of this study was to look at the in vitro activities of antifungal drugs against Iranian clinical (from nail, bronchoalveolar lavage, paranasal sinus) isolated A. flavus strains. The susceptibility of 45 aflatoxigenic and non-...

Introduction: It is estimated that during the Iraq-Iran war of the 1980s, over 100,000 Iranians (military or civilian) were exposed to sulfur mustard (SM), and a considerable proportion of them are still suffering with long-term consequences of exposure. The aim of the present article is to address carcinogenesis of SM following these acute exposu...

Background and Objective: Adolescence is a critical period that underlies lifestyle in later periods of life. The aim of this study was evaluation of the impact of a model based intervention on lifestyle among adolescents. Materials and Methods: A group randomized clinical trial for assessing the effect of educational intervention on 365 adolescent...

Aflatoxin contamination of food and feed stuff is a serious health problem and significant economic concerns. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of Candida parapsilosis IP1698 on mycelial growth and aflatoxin production in aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus species was investigated. Mycelial growth inhibitions of nine strains of aflatoxi...

Background: Aflatoxin contamination of food and feed stuff is a serious health problem and significant economic concerns. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of Candida parapsilosis IP1698 on mycelial growth and aflatoxin production in aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus species was investigated. Methods: Mycelial growth inhibitions of nin...

Background and Aims Body composition is more important than body weight and body fat is a good guideline used to evaluate health Status better than sole weight. The aim of this study was to compare BIA and BMI to evaluate body weight status in autistic children and adolescents males in Iran. Methods Eighty-one children and adolescents aged 7–13 yea...

Background: Diabetes type 2, as one of the most important chronic diseases in the world, reduces quality of life in patients. Materials and methods: Our research--as a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study--was performed on 120 type 2 diabetics in Tehran 503 hospital in 2008. Diverse domain scores of patients' quality of life were evaluat...

The present study aims to simulate the spatial pattern of land use change in Lisar protected area, Iran. Land cover maps for 1989, 2000, and 2007 were depicted using TM, ETM+, and IRS LISS-III images of the area at stake. Images were classified using a merge of unsupervised and supervised classification. CA- Markov model was used to predict land co...

The purpose of this investigation was to compare empirically predictive ability of an artificial neural network with a logistic regression in prediction of low back pain. Data from the second national health survey were considered in this investigation. This data includes the information of low back pain and its associated risk factors among Irania...

The association of racial segregation and health outcomes has been reviewed recently in the literature, but the health effect of other contexts of segregation with respect to residential environment has not as yet been fully reviewed. Besides, most of the literature on segregation has been performed in Western countries. Here, we undertake a multil...

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Iranian aged 25-64 estimated to be about 7.7%. The aim of current study was the assessment of socioeconomic status of diabetic patients and their complications. A cross sectional study was conducted on type 2 diabetic patients with complications in four major teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran Universi...

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a well-recognized clinical entity characterized by the detection of HBV DNA in serum and/or liver in the absence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The frequency of the diagnosis depends on the relative sensitivity of both HBsAg and HBV DNA assays. We aimed at determining the prevalence of...

Oesophageal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer mortality in developing countries, including Iran. This study aimed to assess factors affecting survival of patients with oesophageal cancer using parametric analysis with frailty models. Data on 359 patients with oesophageal cancer was collected from the Babol Cancer Registry for the pe...

HPV has been found repeatedly in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues. However, reported detection rates of HPV DNA in these tumors have varied markedly. Differences in detection methods, sample types, and geographic regions of sample origin have been suggested as potential causes of variation. We have reported that infection of HPV DN...

There is a great amount of literature concerning the effect of racial segregation on health outcomes but few papers have discussed the effect of segregation on the basis of social, demographic and economic characteristics on health. We estimated the independent effect of segregation of determinants of socioeconomic status on infant mortality in Ira...

A previous analysis of the Osteoarthritis Initiative study reported a dose-response relationship between physical activity and improved physical function in adults with knee osteoarthritis, using conventional statistical methods. These methods are subject to bias when confounders are affected by prior exposure. We used baseline and 1-, 2-, and 3-ye...

The most frequently isolated species was C.glabrata (47.7%), followed by C.tropicalis (15%) and C.krusei (6.5%). MICs at which 90% of strains of C.glabrata and C.tropicalis inhibited were 2 μg/ml and C.krusei were 4 μg/ml for Caspofungin and MICs at which 90% of strains of C.glabrata inhibited were 8 μg/ml, C.tropicalis were 16 μg/ml and C.krusei w...

Life expectancy at birth is one of the most important indices of the social, economical, cultural and health status of a country. The aim of this study was to draw up life tables for the rural population of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2007 and estimate the life expectancy for males and females. A total of 60 561 deaths among 11 463 702 males an...