Maher Al-Jabari

Palestine Polytechnic University · Department of Environmental Engineering Technology

Abstract Due to their sophisticated molecular structure and modifiable colloidal characteristics, asphaltenes are extensively adsorbed on various mineral, metallic and carbonic surfaces. They adsorb onto rock components forming deposits in reservoirs, and on steel surface leading to blocking of pipelines, thereby hindering heavy oil production. In...

This paper presents a new environmental approach for reducing environmental impacts of two local Palestinian industries: It implements the principle of “treating waste by waste.” The technical feasibility of chromium removal from wastewater in leather making by its treatment with solid waste from stone cutting industry is demonstrated experimentall...

The validity of uv/vis spectrophotometry for the analysis of tannery wastewater containing chromium(III) is investigated. Two peaks were observed in the visible spectra of tannery wastewater and solutions of commercial chromium tanning agents, that were similar to a known visible spectrum of chromium(III), and so indicating the absence of other con...

The technical feasibility of removing chromium(III) from contaminated tannery wastewater by adsorption on naturally available marl, referred to as HEWAR in Palestine, has been investigated by batch experiments. The effects of various parameters on the percentage relative adsorption concentration were carried out by UV-vis spectrophotometry. Percent...

Monitoring water quality in schools is of great importance for public health. In Palestine, assessing quality of schools water used for drinking and handwashing is a research demand to ensure meeting related water quality guidelines. This field study aimed at evaluating selected physiochemical and microbiological water quality parameters in schools...

Ice when formed on structural materials exhibits strong bonds, which poses a major challenge to many industries. To remove the ice, the creation of hydrophobic surfaces is used as a passive ice removal technique by reducing ice adhesion. Concrete surfaces treated by Pavix Dual Crystallization Engineered (DCE) material show strong water-repelling ch...

Water quality of drinking water is a concern in Palestine due to possible pollution sources. There is a demand for investigating the quality of municipal water supply. This study aimed to assess the quality of domestic water in Jenin Governorate located in the north of the West Bank. The methodology of this research was based on field sampling and...

Concrete deterioration by Alkali Silica Reactions (ASR) is a severe issue of concrete durability associated with porosity and permeability. Most of the industrial solutions for mitigating ASR rely on controlling the mix design by mineral admixtures or lithium compounds. An innovative approach for mitigating ASR through a secondary role of crystalli...

Proceedings of International Conference on Studies in Engineering, Science, and Technology © 2021 Published by the ISTES Organization ISBN: 978-1-952092-26-8 Editors: Dr. Stephen Jackowicz & Dr. Maher Al-Jabari Conference: International Conference on Studies in Engineering, Science, and Technology (ICSEST) Dates: November 11-14, 2021 Location...

Thermal effects in concrete are associated with a heat release from the exothermic cement hydration reactions during concrete curing under normal conditions or under severe cold conditions, or when it is subjected to cycles of freezing and thawing. These thermal effects may cause cracking, impact concrete porosity and affects its thermal, mass and...

The main aim of this study was to perform a parametric study for treating a model dye containing wastewater (i.e., methylene blue, MB) using locally available biomass wastes in Palestine as the adsorbent. Eight different types of biomasses were investigated in batch adsorption tests, including coffee grains, almond shells, pistachio shells, date pi...

Concrete service life is governed by its waterproofing and durability characteristics, which are strongly dependent on its constituents and structure. For the purpose of understanding water penetration and water-associated problems in concrete, it is essential to comprehend the basics of concrete chemistry. In this chapter, the main cement componen...

Concrete is attacked through various physicochemical and transport processes of moisture and chemicals. The mechanisms of concrete damages from physical, chemical, and biological attacks and the governing physicochemical characteristics of water are described. The crucial role of water is discussed and its related unique chemical and physical chara...

The durability of concrete can be enhanced by improving its integral quality and minimizing water penetration. This can be achieved by decreasing concrete porosity and/or making the pore surfaces water repellents. Integral waterproofing (WP) is achieved either through optimizing the concrete mix design by traditional additions of mineral and chemic...

When concrete is damped in water under a hydrostatic pressure, water penetration within pores occurs by permeation flow in addition to the capillary suction resulting in several types of durability problems. Blocking the concrete pores with internally formed solid particles reduces the concrete porosity and hinders water permeation. Such internal w...

The porosity and permeability of concrete govern its durability. This chapter establishes the background for understanding the main mechanisms of water-related problems of concrete, and analyzing the technologies of waterproofing and durability solutions, presented in the subsequent chapters. The structure and the types of pores and air voids are d...

Water ingression in concrete is the main driving force for most of the concrete durability problems. The mechanisms of all water-related problems and their solutions are simply based on the physicochemical aspects of water interaction with concrete. This chapter reviews the physical and chemical interactions of water and surfaces for the purpose of...

Impermeable barriers are installed for protecting concrete and for retaining water within concrete structures. Such a waterproofing approach hinders the influx of water toward the concrete surface. The external barriers include organic membranes and sheets that are set by polymerization, cementitious coatings and mortars that are set by hydration r...

Hindering water permeation through concrete under a hydrostatic pressure requires pore blocking by hydrophilic and/or hygroscopic crystals while hindering capillary absorption requires pore lining using hydrophobic materials. Multieffect waterproofing (WP) materials that can combine these functions can provide integrated solutions for concrete dura...

Concrete materials and proportions are usually selected to obtain a group of required characteristics of fresh and hardened concrete, for a particular project application. Concrete mix design has major impacts on concrete porosity and water permeability; thus it is a key approach for obtaining watertight and durable concrete. Within this context, t...

Integral waterproofing technologies are commonly based on a single effect of crystalline pore blocking or molecular hydrophobic pore lining. Recent waterproofing advancement has led to the development of a dual waterproofing system that combines more than one waterproofing function. This chapter presents dual-crystallization waterproofing engineere...

When the concrete surface is wetted, capillary action drives water penetration into pores. This action increases the internal humidity in concrete and causes various durability problems. Lining concrete pores with a water-repellent material decreases the capillary absorption rate. Such a dampproofing (DP) protective treatment extends the service li...

Water is the vehicle and the reaction medium for most concrete durability problems, hence waterproofing (WP) of concrete protects its structure, preserves its quality, and extends its service life. Within this context, the fundamentals and the generic constituents of WP technologies are described. The general WP mechanisms include external impermea...

Crystallization-based waterproofing is a multi-functional technology which combines hygroscopic and hydrophilic crystallization pore blocking with hydrophobic pore lining. This paper presents experimental findings of investigating dual-crystallization waterproofing engineered treatment (DCE) onto fresh concrete. The DCE has the potential to provide...

The main aim of this research is to review and analyze the requirements for plastic materials that come into contact with food (and water), with a particular emphasis on the restricted substance list (RSL) for plastic containers used for storing water (and food). In addition, at the international and regional levels, chemical regulations, allowable...

The main aim of this review was to provide insights on the possible cleaner production (CP) options for leather manufacturing industries and propose suitable resource recovery technologies. A real case study from local tanneries in Palestine has been presented. All the processes involved in the leather tannery industry have been reviewed based on r...

Classifying and listing hazardous wastes (HWs) is a legislative and technical process. Environmental laws provide specific definitions for wastes, HWs, and hazardous characteristics, and use categorization structures. Coding systems and list structures are also used, with reference to waste source and/or its content. However, such an approach is no...

Concrete porosity and moisture penetration create several durability problems. The recent industrial solutions are based on the use of integral waterproofing materials. This paper responds to the need for developing an efficient pore blocking waterproofing aqueous solution that is added with mixing water at the time of batching, without requiring f...

Cleaner production (CP) options for leather manufacturing in Hebron, Palestine, are evaluated for the purpose of examining the potential adoption of the identified CP options. The approach was descriptive combined with field and laboratory testing. Field visits and sampling from six factories were the primary data sources. All processes in the inve...

The present study aims determining the pollution loads from the wastewater (WW) released from the leather tanning industry in Palestine. WW samples were collected from all leather manufacturing processes from seven tanneries located in Hebron, Palestine. The physicochemical characteristics of the WW including, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total so...

Concrete structures and pavements are subjected to various durability problems associated with moisture penetration through the pores and the capillary networks. Published data on waterproofing has provided conflicting and inaccurate information on crystalline-based technologies. Chem-Crete Pavix DCE is a patented, dual-crystalline waterproofing te...

Tannery industries are one of the heaviest polluting industries in the world due to critical environmental problems resulting from wastewater containing heavy metals and high chemical oxygen demand. Tanneries, especially in developing countries, are still being operated by conventional production methods and most of the existing tanneries do not fo...

Leather manufacturing industry has major environmental impacts. Characterization of tannery's wastewater (WW) is a key step in the management of wastewater released from various processes. This study presents some physicochemical characteristics measured in wastewater. It compares the pollution loads released from both goat and cow hides processing...

The shortage of fresh water creates acute challenges in the West Bank of Palestine. Springs provide a main water resource in the West Bank. Investigating springs’ water quality is essential step for promoting their public use. The aim of this research is to assess the microbiological and physiochemical quality parameters of drinking water from spri...

Improving irrigation management by using hydrogels is an advanced approach for maximizing agricultural land productivity. This experimental study demonstrated the technical feasibility of utilizing superabsorbent polymer recovered from waste baby diapers for increasing water retention in soil and improving irrigation management. After separation, r...

This paper presents a new kinetic adsorption model developed for batch physical adsorption process. The model is applicable to wastewater treatment processes when equilibrium at the interface is governed by freundlich isotherm. This is the case with the adsorption of organic pollutants onto soil particles. The model is obtained from differential ma...

This paper investigates the treatment of dairy wastewater by adsorption on stone cutting solid waste. It implements the innovative concept of “treating waste by waste”. Batch adsorption experiments were performed for obtaining kinetic curves of percentage reduction in COD. The treatment efficiency is investigated as functions of the operating param...

This paper responds to the need of controlling the industrial pollution resulting from diary industry. It investigates the adsorption of organic pollutants in dairy wastewater onto soil particles, from two angles: soil pollution possibility and wastewater treatment. Experimental research methodology is used, by performing batch adsorption experimen...

This paper presents a simple technique for controlling industrial pollution of wastewater with organic content. It summarizes results of an experimental batch adsorption work. Samples of real wastewater from milk processing are mixed with marlstone particles and the COD is measured as a function of time for monitoring the performance and kinetics o...

Galvanization industry generates wastewater that is mainly contaminated with heavy metals. There are more than 20 galvanization plants in Palestine that discharge their wastewater into local environment or sewer system without any proper treatment. This study aims at characterizing wastewater generated from galvanization industry to identify the ma...

This paper investigates the technical feasibility of treating dairy wastewater with natural low cost adsorbents available in Palestine. It responds to the need of controlling industrial pollution resulting from dairy wastewater, which is currently discharged into sewer systemsand open areas without treatment, causing high organic loads and septic d...

This paper reviews and analyzes the Palestinian laws, regulations and systems that are related to the classification and listing of the hazardous waste. This work is a perquisite for preparing the Palestinian hazardous waste list. The methodology of this study is based on descriptive approach. Communications with regional and international experts...

This paper establishes the Palestinian hazardous waste list; an essential prerequisite for setting up a hazardous waste management system. It presents the categories and items of the hazardous waste list, based on adopting the European hazardous waste system, which was customized to suite the Palestinian case. The methodology of this study is based...

There is no unique system for the hazardous waste classification and listing, worldwide or regionally. In accordance with international standards, wastes are substances or objects which are disposed of, or are intended to be disposed of, or are required to be disposed of. Hazardous waste, as a fraction of such wastes, creates threats to human healt...

ملخص البحث هنالك إشكالية كبيرة في العلاقة البحثية ما بين كليات الهندسة والصناعة الفلسطينية، وهي تتطلب دراسات تقويمية من أجل وضع رؤية إستراتيجية لإعادة هيكلة تلك العلاقة، وهذه الدراسة دف إلى التعرف على مستوى الربط بين البحث العلمي في مشاريع التخرج للطلبة وبين الصناعة، من أجل تحفيز توجيه مشاريع التخرج للطلبة في كليات الهندسة نحو التعامل مع مشكلات حق...

The level of environmental impact of olive oil production in Palestine is evaluated. The evaluation method is based on conducting a local survey; after designing a questionnaire covering the basic aspects that includes oil production yield, water consumptions in olive washing and in oil recovery, wastewater generation relative to olive processed an...

Undesirable adsorption of Athabasca asphaltenes onto different surfaces of eight selected ultradispersed catalyst particles was investigated using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. The effect of contact time, initial asphaltene concentration, and type of adsorbent were evaluated using batch kinetic runs. Using 10 g/L of catalyst particles per solution volu...

In this work nickel nano and micro particle adsorbents were employed for removing asphaltenes from heavy oil model solution by adsorption. The approach comprises the following: dispersing nickel particles into heavy oil matrixes, and relying on the surface activity of asphaltene molecules, attract them onto the surface of the nickel particles. Nick...

This paper evaluates the level of environmental impact of olive oil production in Palestine. The paper methodology is based on conducting a local survey; after designing a questionnaire covering the basic aspects of the paper which included oil production yield, water consumptions in olive washing and in oil recovery, wastewater generation relative...

The dynamics of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the metal content of wood fibers chelated with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl) dithiocarbamate (FDDC) by supercritical (SF) CO2 was investigated experimentally by monitoring the spectra of the eluted metal complex as a function of time. The characteristic shape of the dynamic SFE curve was determi...

A model for the analytical supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) tests from solid samples in which desorption of the solute from the surface of the solid is the rate determining step is presented. The desorption process is described by the Langmuir kinetics. The two stages of the test (static and dynamic) are modeled, where each of the two phases (s...

The continuous removal of fines from a pulp suspension can be achieved by a particle elutriation process using, for example, a wedge-shaped vessel with an inclined tube at one vertical end wall that serves as an inlet for the suspension. Near the other vertical end, the suspension flow is split into a bottom stream containing the recovered pulp and...

This paper reviews the basic physicochemical and engineering aspects of wastewater recycling in stone cutting plants in Palestine. Currently, the implemented wastewater treatment processes include sedimentation, flocculation-sedimentation and filtration. A new treatment strategy is suggested where a group of neighboring stone cutting plants is prop...

The kinetics of particle deposition onto the surface of spherical collector particles suspended in a stirred batch vessel was investigated. The study considered monodisperse particle and monodisperse spherical collector particles. The Langmuir model for the deposition process was presented with model parametric study as well as model limiting cases...

This paper aimed at evaluating flocculation-Sedimentation process (FSP) used in local stone cutting plants in Palestine. A pilot plant was built by scaling down the existing industrial FSP. The effects of various design and operating parameters on the flow field in the sedimentation vessel, and particle separation efficiency were investigated exper...

The scope of this paper is to review the theoretical basis for modeling various applications of supercritical fluid extractions (SFE), including industrial processes and analytical tests. Most of the models for SFE are concerned mainly with one stage SFE in packed beds. However, in SFE tests, an initial static stage (with no flow) is usually implem...

The supercritical fluid extraction of manganese and iron from solid matrix (wood pulp) is demonstrated experimentally. Supercritical carbon diodixe is used together with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl) dithiocarbonate (FDDC) as the ion-pairing reagent. The metal content of the pulp samples was determined by inductively couple plasma atomic emission spe...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the existing industrial Flocculation-Sedimentation Process through building pilot scale device simulating the industrial process. The effect of design and operating parameters on separation efficiency was then investigated experimentally.

Deposition of carbon particles on plastic spheres was experimentally investigated. The effects of CaCl2 concentration, soap concentration and the mixing speed on the deposition rate and the equilibrium particle concentration were studied. The effect of the above parameters on the Langmuir model constants was also determined.In the absence of CaCl2,...

A mass transfer model using a linear equilibrium isotherm is presented for the static and dynamic stages of supercritical fluid extraction tests. In the static stage the fraction extracted is a function of dimensionless time and a dimensionless equilibrium parameter. In the dynamic stage the fraction recovered is a function of a different dimension...

A model was developed to describe the elutriation of fines from a spouted bed of pulp fibers, which is a new method to separate fines from fibers. During spouting the pulp fibers are aggregated in fiber floes, which we model as coarse porous spheres. In general, we can distinguish three liquid regions inside and around a coarse particle in a shear...

Pulp fibers can be spouted in water in a conical vessel. The entities which are spouted are fiber flocs rather than individual fibers. Synthetic fibers, which do not flocculate, cannot be spouted. For comparison, rigid spherical particles were spouted with water in the same conical vessel. Liquid spouting of rigid particles was similar to gaseous s...

Elutriation of small particles from a conical spouted bed of recycled pulp suspension, called elutriation spouting, was demonstrated experimentally. Both ink particles and pulp fines can be removed by an upward liquid, stream with little fibre loss (about 2%). Elutriation spouting has potential applications in separating ink and/or fines from pulp...

Résumé/Abstract On a étudié expérimentalement les mécanismes du dépôt des panicules de kaolin dans les lits tassés de fibres de pâte. On a fait passer des suspensions de kaolin à travers un lit initialement libre de particules, et on a mesuré, à l'aide d'une technique de mesure en direct, les courbes de fixation (par exemple, les concentrations de...

On a élaboré un modèle théorique du procédé d'écoulement à travers un lit tassé de fibres de pâte et du dépôt des charges sur les fibres. L'écoulement est décrit en termes de distribution des temps de séjour et il est considéré comme étant complètement séparé, de sorte que le lit peut être divisé en un certain nombre de sections, chacune étant cara...

Pulp fibers can be spouted in a conical vessel if the inlet Reynolds number is above a critical value which varies linearly with mass of pulp in the vessel. Continuous pulp spouting is also feasible in a wedge-like vessel within certain limits of flow rate and inlet pulp consistency. Spouting hydrodynamics and particle separation behavior in both v...

Written for the Dept. of Chemical Engineering. Thesis (M.Eng.). Includes bibliographical references.