Magnus Sjögren

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Verified

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• MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Psychiatrist
• Associate Professor at Umeå University

Background Plasma lipid concentrations in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) seem to be altered. Methods We conducted a naturalistic study with 75 adult female patients with AN and 26 healthy female controls (HC). We measured plasma lipid profile, sex hormones and used self-report questionnaires at admission and discharge. Results Total choleste...

Objective Anorexia Nervosa (AN) has one of the highest mortality rates of all mental health disorders, low recovery rate and is associated with widespread endocrine dysfunction. Resistance training (RT) has been consistently shown to provide beneficial effects on health outcomes that are often negatively affected by AN, however participation in exe...

Purpose Severe malnourishment may reduce cognitive performance in anorexia nervosa (AN). We studied cognitive functioning during intensive nutritional and medical stabilization in patients with severe or extreme AN and investigated associations between weight gain and cognitive improvement. Methods A few days after admission to a specialized hospi...

Objective: To study the plasma lipidome of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) before and after weight restoration treatment and report associations with AN subtypes and oral contraceptive pill (OCP) usage. Methods: Quantitative shotgun lipidomics analysis was used to study plasma lipids of 50 female patients with AN before and after weight restora...

Objective: To investigate whether cognitive inflexibility could be identified using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in patients with severe and extreme anorexia nervosa (AN) compared to healthy control participants (HCs). Method: We used the WCST to assess 34 patients with AN (mean age: 25.9 years, mean body mass index (BMI): 13.2 kg/m2)...

Background: Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is an unconventional neurotrophic factor that protects dopamine neurons and improves motor function in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Objective: The primary objectives of this study were to assess the safety and tolerability of both CDNF and the drug delivery system (DDS) in pa...

Objective: The main characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) in adults are restriction of energy intake relative to requirements leading to significant weight loss, disturbed body image, and intense fear of becoming fat. Traumatic experiences (TE) have been reported as common, although less is known about the relationship with other symptoms in se...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and is a predictor of greater clinical severity. However, there is a limited amount of evidence supporting the use of psychotropic medications for its management. A systematic scoping review was conducted to assess the current literature on brain stimulati...

Objectives Updated international guideline recommendations for AN inpatient care rely on expert opinions/observational evidence and promote extended inpatient stays, warranting investigation using higher‐level ecological evidence. Methods The study was conducted according to Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHE...

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a devastating psychiatric condition associated with a high mortality and chronicity and for which the etiology is unknown. Recent genomic-wide association studies suggest that AN is a psychometabolic disorder, having identified several genes that link AN to both psychiatric disorders and metabolic states. One of the metabol...

Introduction Depression and anxiety are well-known comorbid conditions in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Hypercortisolemia in patients with AN may be pathogenic and contribute to depression and anxiety symptomatology. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate short-term changes in cortisol levels and depression and anxiety symptomat...

Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the factor structure of the Danish translation of the eating disorder quality of life scale and evaluate the internal reliability and convergent validity of the scale in a Danish cohort of women with AN. Methods The total sample comprised 211 patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa age 13–40 years. Pat...

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) has high rates of enduring disease and mortality. Currently, there is insufficient knowledge on the predictors of relapse after weight normalization and this is why a systematic literature review was performed. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, PsychInfo, and Cochrane databases were searched for literature published unti...

Objective: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe mental disorder frequently associated with high scores of depressiveness. We examined the short-term effects of inpatient treatment on depressiveness and eating disorder (ED) psychopathology using the self-rating Major Depression Inventory (MDI) and Eating Disorder Examination questionnaire (EDEq) for p...

Motivation to change behavior is seen as an important factor in achieving a better treatment effect in patients with eating disorders (ED). The aim of this systematic review was to assess whether motivational interviewing (MI) and motivational enhancement therapy (MET) might (1) increase motivation to change behavior and (2) improve eating disorder...

Despite the fact that eating disorders (EDs) are conditions that are potentially life-threatening, many people decline treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate why women decline specialized ED treatment, including their viewpoints on treatment services. Eighteen semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with women who had dec...

Objective: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by weight loss, distorted body image with fear of becoming fat and associated with anxiety, especially in relation to food intake. Anxiety in relation to meals and weight restoration remains a major challenge in the treatment of AN. We examined the effects of inpatient weight restoration treatment...

Background Body image disturbance is central to both the understanding and treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN); however, the underlying psychological processes involved are still not well understood. One way towards a better understanding of these mechanisms may be to explore the sense of embodiment in these patients in an attempt at integrating the...

Clinical trials in neurodegenerative disorders have been associated with high rate of failures, while in oncology, the implementation of precision medicine and focus on genetically defined subtypes of disease and targets for drug development have seen an unprecedented success. With more than 20 genes associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), most o...

Emotion dysregulation is a transdiagnostic phenomenon in Eating Disorders (ED), and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) (which was developed for reducing dysregulated emotions in personality disorders) has been employed in patients with ED. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether the effect of DBT was stronger on emotion dysre...

A better understanding of explanatory factors for disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in anorexia nervosa (AN) could help direct treatment providers to aspects of the most relevance for patient wellbeing and recovery. We aimed to investigate whether factors associated with HRQoL are the same for women with AN and normal-weight c...

Background: Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is characterized by persistent failure to meet nutritional needs, absence of body image distortion and often low body weight. Weight restorative treatment in ARFID-adults is provided for as in Anorexia Nervosa (AN), while the effect is unknown. The aim was to compare weight gain between...

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe and often enduring disorder characterized by restriction of food intake, low body weight, fear of weight gain, and distorted body image. Investigations on cognition performance in AN patients have yielded conflicting results. Using an established and sensitive computerized cognitive test battery, we aimed to assess...

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder with a high mortality and unknown etiology, and effective treatment is lacking. For decades, cannabis has been known to cause physical effects on the human body, including increasing appetite, which may be beneficial in the treatment of AN.Objective To systematically review the literature...

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric condition associated with high mortality and chronicity. The hunt for state, trait, subtyping, and prognostic biomarkers is ongoing and the orexigenic hormone ghrelin and its different forms, acyl ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin, have been proposed to be increased in AN, especially in the restrictive subtyp...

Background: Health-related quality of life is severely affected in patients with anorexia nervosa due to both physical and psychological consequences of the disease, but it is still uncertain whether the same factors affect both clinical outcome and quality of life. It is also unknown whether there are differences between patients and controls in t...

Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe disorder, for which genetic evidence suggests psychiatric as well as metabolic origins. AN has high somatic and psychiatric comorbidities, broad impact on quality of life, and elevated mortality. Risk factor studies of AN have focused on differences between acutely ill and recovered individuals. Such com...

Objective Anorexia nervosa (AN) has been associated with cognitive impairment. While re‐nutrition is one of the main treatment targets, the effect on cognitive impairments is unclear. The aim of this review was to examine whether cognitive functions improve after weight gain in patients with AN. Method A systematic review was performed following P...

RationaleThe psychopathology of anorexia nervosa (AN) includes altered social cognition and information processing of fear and anxiety. Oxytocin, a neuromodulating hormone, may influence these functions and could be valuable for the treatment of AN.Objective The current study aimed at reviewing the effect of intranasal oxytocin (IN-OT) on attention...

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious mental illness with high rates of relapse and mortality. Psychiatric comorbidities are common but their impact on the prognosis is largely unknown. Objective: The aim was to investigate the influence of psychiatric comorbidity on weight gain during treatment of AN. Methods: A systematic search was...

Background: Studies show that adult patients with anorexia nervosa display cognitive impairments. These impairments may be caused by illness-related circumstances such as low weight. However, the question is whether there is a cognitive adaptation to enduring undernutrition in anorexia nervosa. To our knowledge, cognitive performance has not been...

Objective Research suggests that a variety of biological and psychosocial factors are associated with the sexual health of women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN). This systematic scoping review, conducted in accordance to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Guidelines, synthesizes the current literature concerning...

This is a case report of a 51-year-old woman with bilateral stress fractures of the pelvic rami and a history of anorexia nervosa (AN). AN is a psychiatric condition of low weight caused by restricted food intake, impaired body image and an exaggerated fear of gaining weight in addition to compensating behaviour such as excessive physical activity....

Objective: Alterations in blood lipid concentrations in anorexia nervosa (AN) have been reported; however, the extent, mechanism, and normalization with weight restoration remain unknown. We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to evaluate changes in lipid concentrations in acutely-ill AN patients compared with healthy controls (HC) a...

Bulimia Nervosa (BN) is a serious eating disorder, which affects 0.8–2.9% of the young population. The etiology is unknown and biomarkers would support in understanding the pathophysiology of BN, and in identifying BN patients that may benefit from medical treatment. This systematic review aims to answer whether (a) BN deviate from healthy controls...

PurposeAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a poorly understood and often chronic condition. Deviations in the gut microbiota have been reported to influence the gut–brain axis in other disorders. Therefore, if present in AN, it may impact on symptoms and illness progression. A review of the gut microbiota studies in AN is presented. MethodA literature search...

The refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a potentially fatal condition involving fluid and electrolyte imbalances after refeeding in patients with anorexia nervosa. Low-calorie diet added thiamine and minerals is the standard approach to prevent RFS. In a recent systematic review starting with a higher calorie amount than earlier has been recommended, and i...

Body dysmorphic disorder is defined by a preoccupation of one or more non-existent or slight defects or flaws in the physical appearance. The prevalence is 1.7-2.4% in the general population with a higher incidence rate in women. The rate of suicidal ideation is as high as 80%, and up to 25% of the patients attempt to commit suicide. Comorbidities,...

Background: The mortality of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is the highest among all psychiatric disorders, and Eating Disorders (ED) overall pose serious health threats to a significant proportion of the population. In spite of an increasing recognition of the clinical impact of ED, often, the general readiness and knowledge of the diagnostic work-up among...

Background: The etiology of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is unknown. A stress model for AN and other Eating Disorders, has been proposed by Connan and depicts risk factors and precipitating events, including biological, but several steps in this have yet to be evidenced. In order to elucidate the biology of AN, some studies have investigated the blood bio...

Amyloid-β (Aβ) has been investigated as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic drug target. Recent studies found that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ fluctuates over time, including as a diurnal pattern, and increases in absolute concentration with serial collection. It is currently unknown what effect differences in CSF collection methodology have on...

Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is believed to be rare in the elderly, and the influence of different criteria on the prevalence of FTD is unclear. Methods: Population-based samples of 70- to 95-year-olds (n = 2462) in Gothenburg, Sweden, underwent neuropsychiatric examinations. Behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) was diagnosed according to...

Cognitive impairment is integral to many neurological illnesses. Specific enhancement of glutamatergic transmission may improve memory and learning. Org 25935 increases the synaptic availability of glycine, an obligate co-agonist with glutamate at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. We hypothesised that Org 25935 would acutely improve the learning and...

Alzheimer's disease is the public health crisis of the 21st century. There is a clear need for a widely available, inexpensive and reliable method to diagnosis Alzheimer's disease in the earliest stages, track disease progression, and accelerate clinical development of new therapeutics. One avenue of research being explored is blood based biomarker...

Treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is significantly hampered by the lack of easily accessible biomarkers that can detect disease presence and predict disease risk reliably. Fluid biomarkers of AD currently provide indications of disease stage; however, they are not robust predictors of disease progression or treatment response, and most are meas...

Background Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is believed to be rare in the elderly, and the influence of different criteria on the prevalence of FTD is unclear. Methods Population-based samples of 70- to 95-year-olds (n = 2462) in Gothenburg, Sweden, underwent neuropsychiatric examinations. Behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) was diagnosed according to the...

Objective: Preclinical and post-mortem studies suggest that Alzheimer disease (AD) causes cerebrovascular dysfunction, and therefore may enhance susceptibility to cerebrovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to investigate this association in a memory clinic population. Methods: The AD biomarkers CSF amyloid β42, amyloid β40 an...

Background The focus on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is shifting from dementia to the prodromal stage of the disorder, to a large extent due to increasing efforts in trying to develop disease modifying treatment for the disorder. For development of disease-modifying drugs, a reliable and accurate test for identification of mild cognitive impairment (MC...

There is today an expressed need for approved biomarkers that both can aid the diagnosis of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and guide the development of new treatments for these diseases. There are today two tests approved in Europe to aid the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease at the dementia stage and both are based on the expression of severa...

A growing body of evidence supports the efficacy of D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor, as augmentation to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Org 25935 is a glycine transporter 1 inhibitor that acts to increase synaptic glycine levels and enhance NMDA-m...

Enhancing glutamate function by stimulating the glycine site of the NMDA receptor with glycine, D-serine, or with drugs that inhibit glycine reuptake may have therapeutic potential in schizophrenia. The effects of a single oral dose of cis-N-methyl-N-(6-methoxy-1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ylmethyl) amino-methylcarboxylic acid hydrochlor...

Large hour-to-hour variability has previously been demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers amyloid β(42) (Aβ(42)) and Aβ(40) in healthy younger subjects. We investigated the within-subject variability over 36 hours in CSF Aβ and tau proteins, in older subjects and AD patients. Six patients...

Successive elderly birth cohorts improved in cognitive performance during the 20th century. It is not clear whether this influences cognitive predictors of dementia and mortality. In 2 longitudinal population studies, representing 2 cohorts of 70-year-olds examined 30 years apart, we investigated the relation between baseline cognitive function and...

Amyloid beta(40) (Abeta(40)) is the most abundant Abeta peptide in the brain. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level of Abeta(40) might therefore be considered to most closely reflect the total Abeta load in the brain. Both in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in normal aging the Abeta load in the brain has a large inter-individual variability. Relating Ab...

Background: Amyloid beta(40) (A beta(40)) is the most abundant A beta peptide in the brain. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level of A beta(40) might therefore be considered to most closely reflect the total A beta load in the brain. Both in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in normal aging the A beta load in the brain has a large inter-individual variabi...

Analysis of the brain specific biomarkers amyloid beta(42) (Abeta(42)) and total tau (t-tau) protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has a sensitivity and specificity of more than 85% for differentiating Alzheimer's Disease (AD) from non-demented controls. International guidelines are contradictory in their advice on the use of CSF biomarkers in AD di...

The diagnosis of dementia does not mean that a person is by definition incompetent to consent. Although the legislation has been modified to allow for research on incompetent persons, still, it becomes increasingly important to be able to judge the capacity to consent on an individual basis. Classically, what is considered necessary at least for co...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker analysis for dementia diagnostics (ie, the analysis of amyloid β42, total tau and phosphorylated tau) is increasingly used in clinical practice.1 However, there is still debate among researchers and clinicians about the sensitivity and specificity of various biomarker analyses, especially when comparing dementia...

Cerebral white-matter changes (WMCs) are frequently found in dementia and have been proposed to be related to vascular factors and a certain symptomatological profile. However, few studies have included both vascular factors and a broad spectrum of cognitive, neurological and psychiatric symptoms, easily detectable by the physician in the everyday...

Few studies have examined whether cognitive symptom patterns differ by age and length of time before dementia onset. Our objective was to investigate whether different patterns of cognitive symptoms at ages 70, 75, and 79 years predict short-term (< or =5 years) and long-term (>5 years) dementia onset. A representative sample of 382 nondemented 70-...

α-Synuclein is the major constituent of Lewy bodies found in neurons in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and might be of diagnostic value as a biomarker for DLB. We hypothesized that, as a consequence of increased accumulation of α-synuclein intraneuronally in DLB, the levels of α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of DLB patients would be lower...

Great progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of neurofibrillary degeneration in Alzheimer's disease brains in the last two decades. In this review we summarize how neurons are degenerated in Alzheimer's disease brains and highlight the evidence of using kinases such as glycogen synthase kinase 3 and p70 S6 kinase and phosphatases...

Glycoproteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are altered in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients compared to control individuals. We have utilized albumin depletion prior to 2D gel electrophoresis to enhance glycoprotein concentration for image analysis as well as structural glycoprotein determination without glycan release using mass spectrometry (MS)....

The heat-shock proteins (HSPs) Hsp27 and alphaB-crystallin are up-regulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the extent of this and the consequences are still largely unknown. The HSPs are involved in protein degradation and protection against protein aggregation, and they interact with several cytoskeletal components such as microtubules (MT) and...

Cognitive-enhancing effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) have been reported during 6 months of treatment in a pilot study of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Data through 1 year of VNS (collected from June 2000 to September 2003) are now reported. All patients (N = 17) met the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorder...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized neuropathologically by neuritic plaques (NPs), and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). So far, the following key issues are not yet answered to the disease: (1) the accumulation degrees of three Abeta variants, and tau phosphorylation epitopes in AD as compared to control; (2) the correlation degrees of levels...

The predominating theory on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) concerns the mis-metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP). As a result of this mis-metabolism, there is an increased production of the 42 amino acid form of beta-amyloid (Abeta42) that rapidly will form oligomers that initiates a cascade of events leading to the accumu...

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common type of presenile dementia and the forth most common type of senile dementia, but probably the most costly due to its florid symptom characteristics. Clinically, it often presents with changes of personality, restlessness, disinhibition, and impulsiveness and the clinical features can be compl...

Proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may often serve as indicators of neurodegenerative diseases, and are a rich source for biomarker discovery. However, a large dynamic range of proteins in CSF makes the analysis very challenging because high abundant proteins tend to mask those of lower abundance. Therefore, advances in the proteomic analysis ha...

The aim of the present study was to investigate if depressive symptoms in demented patients are associated with white matter changes (WMCs) in the brain. WMCs are frequently found in patients with dementia, as well as among elderly nondemented patients with depressive symptoms. However, it is less established whether or not WMCs are related to depr...

Low serum potassium increases risk of hypertension and stroke, and cardiovascular factors increase the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). We examined the association between serum potassium and the biologic marker cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta (Abeta42), which is decreased in Alzheimer disease patients. Psychiatric examinations, laboratory and othe...

To evaluate the utility of assessing four cognitive domains obtained from four information sources to identify individuals at risk for developing dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). A representative population sample of nondemented 85-year-olds (n = 313) from Gothenburg, Sweden, was examined regarding memory, language, an...

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been considered a transitional state between normal aging and dementia, characterised by memory impairment but normal general cognitive functioning. Recently other cognitive deficits have been reported. This has led to a modification of MCI criteria. To examine which neuropsychological tests most clearly distingu...

To examine the longitudinal association between plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and incident dementia. Neuropsychiatric, anthropometric, laboratory, and other assessments were conducted for 392 participants of a 1901 to 1902 birth cohort first examined at age 70. Follow-up examinations were at ages 75, 79, 81, 83, 85, and 88. Infor...

Hyperphosphorylated neurofilaments are a part of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease brains. Zinc has been shown to be increased in the brain areas heavily affected by Alzheimer pathologies. Zinc could induce tau hyperphosphorylation in SH-SY5Y and N2a cells, and tau phosphorylation may be mediated by p70 S6 kinase activation. Many of th...

Hyperphosphorylated neurofilaments are a part of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease brains. Zinc has been shown to be increased in the brain areas heavily affected by Alzheimer pathologies. Zinc could induce tau hyperphosphorylation in SH-SY5Y and N2a cells, and tau phosphorylation may be mediated by p70 S6 kinase activation. Many of th...

A leading hypothesis on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the mis-metabolism of amyloid precursor protein. This mis-metabolism causes the 42-amino acid form of A beta(Abeta42) to form oligomers that in turn start a chain of events leading to the accumulation of amyloid plaques. Vascular factors such as hypertension, hypercholestero...

Biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases should reflect the central pathogenic processes of the diseases. The field of clinical proteomics is especially well suited for discovery of biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which reflects the proteins in the brain under healthy conditions as well as in several neurodegenerative diseases. Known prot...

During the last years, several clinical studies have been published trying to elucidate the effect of statin treatment on amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and metabolism of brain cholesterol in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in humans. We present an open biochemical study where 19 patients with AD have been treated with simvastatin (20 mg/day)...

In clinical guidelines, risk factors for a malignant illness course include 3 or more lifetime episodes of depression. Our aim was to investigate the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hormonal axis in treatment-refractory affective disorder in pauciepisodic (one or two episodes) versus multiepisodic (three or more episodes) patients....

Background The aim of this study was firstly, to improve and validate a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) prefractionation method followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and secondly, using this strategy to investigate differences between the CSF proteome of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients and controls. From each subject three ml of CSF w...

Proteomics, genomics and metabonomics have, during the last decade, provided researchers with huge amounts of data. The choice of transformation of such data into useful information is dependent on the study aims and objectives. In the present study, projection methods (i.e., Principal Components Analysis [PCA] and Partial List Squares-Discriminant...

Immunological mechanisms may be part of the pathophysiological mechanisms in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but hitherto only vague evidence of such mechanisms has been presented. The aim of this study was to compare the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha,...