Madhukar Mittal

All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal | AIIMS · Endocrinology & Metabolism

We aimed to describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of 16 individuals with KBG syndrome (KBGS) from 13 Indian families. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical details of individuals with KBGS harboring a likely pathogenic/pathogenic variant in ANKRD11 . We also analyzed their facial gestalt using Face2Gene and recorded the top three dif...

Background Transgender people comprise an estimated 0.3–0.5% (25 million) of the global population. The public health agenda focuses on understanding and improving the health and well-being of gender minorities. Transgender (TG) persons often have complex healthcare needs and suffer significant health disparities in multiple arenas. The internation...

Background and Aims A mineral bone disorder of CKD (CKD MBD) is a complication with abnormal bone turnover, mineralization, volume, vascular calcification, and a spectrum of biochemical abnormalities. This clinical study was designed to determine the correlation between BMD (DEXA parameter) and static bone histomorphometry in hemodialysis patients....

A divergent fracture pattern is seen in patients living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). These patients are at risk for fractures at unusual distal sites over and above the fractures occurring at major osteoporotic sites. Avascular necrosis (AVN) involving the talus has not been reported previously in T1D. We hereby report an exceptional case of a 24-ye...

Background Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of D...

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is frequently misdiagnosed during pregnancy. There is an abundance of evidence, but little is known regarding the regional prevalence estimates of GDM in India. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide valuable insights into the national and regional prevalence of GDM among pregnant wom...

Objective: Obesity and overweight are challenging health problems of the millennium that lead to diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and atherosclerosis. Green coffee bean exhibited significant promise in healthy weight management, potentiating glucose-insulin sensitization and supporting liver health. T...

The knowledge of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) continues to rapidly evolve. The natural course of the disease can be described in four clinical stages based on the autoimmune markers and glycemic status. Not all individuals of T1DM progress in that specific sequence. We hereby present a case of T1DM with a classical third phas...

Autologous platelet rich fibrin (PRF), is currently being widely used and investigated across the globe by clinicians and periodontal research. The technical aspect required for the procurement of PRF includes revolution per minute (RPM), relative centrifugal force (RCF) or G-force, rotor radius, rotor angle, stability or vibration in the centrifug...

Introduction Hypotension in Acromegaly would commonly nudge a clinician to look for either acute adrenal crises or apoplexy. Both conditions if left untreated may turn fatal. Most cases of apoplexy are associated with pituitary macroadenoma. Due to the large size of tumor at initial detection, clinical or subclinical apoplexy is not uncommon in acr...

Aim: To evaluate correlation of PRF and HAS with glycemic control (HbA1c) and other systemic parameters amongst the chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and methods: Twenty-seven non-smoker, non-tobacco users, non-alcoholic moderate chronic periodontitis volunteers (Stage II, Grade A or B), aging between 40 and 50 years of both genders with...

The key substrate for energy production is blood glucose during all the phases of life. Fasting blood glucose levels remain within a narrow physiological range of 70-100 mg/dL except in the first few days of life and during pregnancy (Bhattacharya et al., Med Sci 9(4):59, 2021). There are variations in blood glucose levels beyond this range as reve...

Bone mineral density, trabecular bone score and body-fat analysis in type 1 diabetes by DXA and co-relation with biochemical parameters; a case control study from India. This is our thesis project on various DXA parameters of Type 1 diabetes patients and their clinical and biochemical predictors.

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a common chronic health condition, has major health and socioeconomic consequences. In the Indian subcontinent, it is a health condition for which individuals commonly consult Ayurvedic (traditional medical system) practitioners and use their medicines. However, to date, a good quality T2DM clinical guide...

Aims and objectives: The aim of the present paper is to provide a narrative review of the markers and pathways of periodontitis-associated insulin resistance (IR). Materials and methods: Research papers published in peer-reviewed scientific journals from 2000 to 2021 were searched systematically in Online Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Me...

Background: The etiologies for ambiguous genitalia with palpable gonads include gonadal dysgenesis, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen biosynthetic defects or androgen insensitivity. Klinefelter syndrome (1 in 500-1000 live male births) classically presents with hypergonadotropichypogonadism, infertility and neurocognitive deficits in adult m...

Background: Lithium, a drug that is predominantly used in psychiatric practice, also finds therapeutic use as a second-line agent in endocrine conditions like Graves’ disease and SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone). Case Report: We had a young female present to us with Graves’ disease and having a precarious renal function (soli...

Introduction : Calcinosis cutis is an uncommon diseasethat results inprogressive deposition ofinsoluble calcium salts (crystals of calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite) in the skin which can be intracutaneous, subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravisceral. Here we have described a very interesting case of idiopathic calcinosis cutis with mild hyperphos...

Background: Hypoparathyroidism is commonly idiopathic (besides post-surgical). Syndromic forms are mostly sporadic and it is the specific clinical features which help to identify the relevant diagnosis. Many times, these syndromic features are subtle and may be missed in a busy clinical practice. Also, the Ca-P deposition in the brain may lead to o...

Background: 17-HSD-3 deficiency is autosomal recessive, rare cause of 46XY, DSD. The diagnosis is often missed in early childhood due to subtle features, and the usual presentation is at puberty with primary amenorrhea and features of virilisation. Herein we describe 34-year 46XY female who was never diagnosed and found to have compound heterozygou...

Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of copper in the brain, liver, eye, and kidney. Various neuropsychiatric manifestations such as dystonia, parkinsonism, choreoathetosis, tremor, ataxia, personality disorders, mood changes, psychosis, cognitive abnormalities, sleep disorders, dystonia, tremor, ataxia, and...

As we delve into the intricacies of human disease, millions of people continue to be diagnosed as having what are labelled as pre-conditions or sub-clinical entities and may receive treatments designed to prevent further progression to clinical disease, but with debatable impact and consequences. Endocrinology is no different, with almost every org...

This poster is about an interesting case of acute gouty arthritis in a patient of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Musculoskeletal manifestations in Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) range from 13% to 93% encompassing pseudo-gout, vertebral fracture, myopathy and cord compression. Though pseudo-gout has been the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition in PHPT, rarely reports of acute gouty attacks in large joints including knee have been reported in literatur...

Height is a polygenic trait with a high degree of heritability. Most (95%) children with short stature (defined as height below the third percentile) and poor growth (growth velocity <5 cm/year) do not have an endocrine disorder. The genetic basis for stature potential has been evaluated in recent years and is increasingly being recognized as a maj...

Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies against thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R), resulting in stimulation of thyroid gland and overproduction of thyroid hormones resulting in clinical manifestations. It is uncommon in children and is 6 times more prevalent in females. The symptomatology, clinical and bioc...

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has claimed millions of lives since its first identification in December 2019. Patients with diabetes are at a high risk of adverse outcomes after COVID-19 infection, whereas infection itself can be associated with severe hyperglycemia, including hyperglycemic emergencies. While the accelerated vaccine development and rollout ha...

Letter to editor in response to the study ‘Cardiometabolic and psychological effects of dual-release hydrocortisone: a cross-over study’.

Background: Co-occurrence of phaeochromocytoma and primary hyperparathyroidism is usually seen in patients of Multiple Endocrine neoplasia 2A(MEN2A) and is rare in Von Hippel Lindau disease (VHL). Parathyroid adenoma with pheochromocytoma in a genetically confirmed VHL has been reported only once till date (1). Clinical Case: A 30-year male was adm...

Objective: Plasma glucose has been correlated with in-hospital mortality among many diseases including infections. We aimed to study plasma glucose at admission of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary care referral hospital at Jodhpur, India and its relation with mortality. Design: A hospital-based clinical study of plasma glucose o...

Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic and a novel natural therapeutic intervention is warranted. We have developed a novel, patent‐pending (PCT/IN2015/000236 dated 10th June 2015), water‐soluble green coffee bean extract, GCB‐70) enriched in 70% total chlorogenic acid including 45% caffeoylquinic acid and <1% caffeine in our laboratories. Our earlier...

Background Homocysteine (HCY) interferes with collagen cross-linking in bones and stimulates osteoclast activity. The activated osteoclasts secrete cathepsin K (CathK), a cysteine protease, in eminent quantity during bone resorption. Hyperhomocysteinemia may effect bone mineral density (BMD) through CathK. We, therefore, examined the relation betwe...

Background: Homocysteine (HCY) interferes with collagen cross-linking in bones and stimulates osteoclast activity. The activated osteoclasts secrete cathepsin K (CathK), a cysteine protease, in eminent quantity during bone resorption. Hyperhomocysteinemia may effect bone mineral density (BMD) through CathK. We, therefore, examined the relation betw...

Background Endocrine dysfunction is known to occur in various infectious diseases of the brain. The neuroendocrine dysfunction is not well studied in patients of Tuberculous meningitis (TBM). In this study, we aimed at knowing pattern of endocrine dysfunction in newly diagnosed patients of tuberculous meningitis, structural changes occurring in hyp...

Diabetes and vitamin D deficiency are global epidemics. Researchers have long been exploring the role of potentially modifiable factors to manage type 2 diabetes. We conducted a systematic review of prospective studies and randomized controlled trials that involved vitamin D supplementation and specifically intended to study glycemic outcomes relat...

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of diabetes, a known risk factor for periodontitis, on activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) as well as levels of free radical damage marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood and saliva of individuals with chronic peri...

The authors report a case of dengue fever presenting with aseptic meningoencephalitis and developing subdural haematoma and pure motor quadriparesis due to axonal polyneuropathy. This 27-year-old female patient presented to us during the latter part of the dengue epidemic in India in 2010. She had mild thrombocytopaenia and subtle signs of capillar...