Maarten J. Verkerk

• Eindhoven University of Technology

Introduction In this article we explore the practice of sustainable home cooking from a philosophical perspective. Methodology We analyze the practice of sustainble homecooking on the basis of the theory of modal aspects (Dooyeweerd) and the Triple I model (Verkerk and others). Results and discussion Philosophy offers a fascinating perspective on...

BACKGROUND A relatively high number of users is dissatisfied with their orthopaedic device. The term ‘user practice’ was introduced to emphasise the idea that users of orthopaedic devices perform activities within an environment, which are characteristic for that environment. OBJECTIVE To investigate to what extend orthopaedic shoe engineers map t...

In the foregoing chapter, some key concepts were developed to understand the complexity and normativity of technological designs. The first key concept has to do with modal aspects: the specific normativity of every aspect. The second concept has to do with the identity of wholes: the specific normativity of every whole as expressed by its qualifyi...

In the foregoing chapter, Andrew Basden has offered a framework to understand the complexity of real life. He argues that real life is complex at a very fundamental level: reality unfolds itself in many different aspects and dimensions, for example, physical, formative, social, economic, juridical and moral. He shows that engineers have to understa...

This book has grown out of cooperation among friends who have a common interest, expertise, and passion for engineering and social practice.

In September 2015, the United Nations General Assembly agreed on an action plan for a sustainable future under the title Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (United Nations, Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. 2015).

This chapter explores the energy transition from a philosophical perspective. We argue that there is a hidden dimension in the current discussions about sustainability. This hidden dimension can be found first of all in the fact that phenomena such as the denial of global warming, the rise of populism and the increase in social contradictions are n...

Human values play an integral role in any design that aims to improve the quality of human life. However, only a few design approaches concentrate on human values in their design, and there is even very little agreement between them in identifying human values. Considering this, we created a design tool based on a comprehensive value framework to s...

This chapter focuses on process-intensified design methods. Furthermore, it clarifies the differences between conventional process design based on established predefined unit operations and design based on process-intensified principles. Process intensification (PI) design methods are not only suited for new processes but also for retrofitting and...

The significance of human values in everyday life highlights the integral role of this concept in any design that aims to improve the quality of human life. By emphasizing the need for a comprehensive value framework for design, the present study explores a new value framework to be used as a common ground in design. For this purpose, we empiricall...

Healthcare professionals and managers in hospitals are frequently suggested to learn from industry and business to improve quality and efficiency. However, evidence that the implementation of industrial techniques and business methods has a meaningful effect on patient outcomes is often lacking. An explanation for this phenomenon is thought to be t...

Patients with orthopedic problems often use assistive devices, e.g., ankle-foot orthoses and therapeutic footwear, to support their mobility. However, many users are not satisfied with their devices or do not use them at all, resulting in a decrease of quality of life. It has been shown that a main cause for dissatisfaction and non-use lies in the...

The 2015 Paris agreement challenges the industry to realize their sustainability goals. The objective of this chapter is to support engineers from R&D departments in the chemical process industry to develop processes and systems that are in agreement with these goals. The authors propose the so-called Triple I model that offers three perspectives t...

In this chapter, the nature of the management practice is investigated. The scene is sketched by telling a couple of stories from the experience of the author. Then, it is argued that an organizational approach is needed to understand the thinking and behavior of managers. It is shown that practice approaches are very suitable because they take the...

Purpose Older people with dementia (OPD) have specific housing and technology-related needs, for which various design principles exist. A model for designing environments and its constituting items for people with dementia that has a firm foundation in neurology may help guide designers in making design choices. The paper aims to discuss these iss...

The electrical energy infrastructure is one of the key life-sustaining technologies of contemporary Western society. This infrastructure is extremely complex due to its size, its multifarious technologies, and its interweaving with societal structures. Smart grids are important in future infrastructure, yet extant literature does not adequately add...

A tecnologia tem feito (e confundido) a cabeça de muitos. O mundo muda rapidamente e acompanhar as mudanças não é apenas comprar a última versão do celular ou do aplicativo da moda. Apresentado por um dos principais sistematizadores da área – Carl Mitcham –, Filosofia da Tecnologia foi escrito por especialistas com experiência prática em desenvolv...

In Western countries the health care system faces numerous challenges. We explore the potential of the normative practice approach to analyze the present system, to provide new insights in the redesign of the health care network, and to offer new concepts to understand the needs and wishes of patients. We present a case study of assistive devices i...

Demographic changes, technological innovations, and plurality in values place architects and consulting engineers for large challenges. This chapter unravels the different types of complexity that play a role in designing homes for frail elderly and facilities for adults with dementia. Five types of complexity are identified as follows: aspectual c...

BACKGROUND: Non-use of and dissatisfaction with ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) occurs frequently. The objective of this study is to gain insight in the conversation during the intake and examination phase, from the clients' perspective, at two levels: 1) the attention for the activities and the context in which these activities take place, and 2) the q...

Innovaties in de dementiezorg zijn hard nodig. Zijn muziektherapeuten hierbij betrokken? In het dagelijks werk met mensen met dementie tonen zij creativiteit en de vaardigheid om problemen op te lossen, maar grote vernieuwingen komen nog niet tot stand en succesvolle innovaties breken niet door omdat er te weinig samenwerking is. Hoe kunnen muziekt...

In deze bijdrage worden ethische vragen rondom de zorg voor kwetsbare ouderen besproken. Aan de hand van enkele casussen wordt het fenomeen overbehandelen verkend. De ethici Beauchamp en Childress presenteren vier morele principes (of waarden) die van belang zijn voor de zorg: respect voor autonomie, niet-schaden, weldoen en rechtvaardigheid. Uit d...

Philosophy of Technology: An introduction for technology and business students is an accessible guide to technology’s changes , their ubiquitousness, and the many questions these raise. Designed for those with no philosophical background in mind, it is ideal for technology and engineering students or specialists who want to learn to think criticall...

The aim of this study was to investigate the use, non-use, satisfaction, and dissatisfaction of ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) in order to improve the performance of the whole orthopedic chain.

By 2020, some European Union energy and climate policies will expire and discussion of a post-2020 policy needs to be initiated. One of the fundamental issues is related to the portfolio of energy sources which can provide the most environmentally-safe, cost-effective roadmap. In this chapter we discuss the challenges of electric energy systems of...

In this article the conceptual power of Dooyeweerdian philosophy for designing technology is reviewed. It is shown that the philosophical richness of the theory of modal aspects, the theory of individuality structures, and the theory of ground motives has to be disclosed to engineers in order to apply them in their daily practice. The Triple I mode...

Why am I working so hard? Why do I find it so important to be successful? Why am I ready to give up a large part of my personal life for my work? All of us, now and then, find ourselves asking these kinds of questions, and they make us uncomfortable; they’re questions for which we don’t have a ready answer. Sometimes we would prefer to just push th...

The financial crisis and accounting scandals in large companies have stimulated a thorough assessment of the contribution of enterprises and financial institutions to the greater public good and economic prosperity. This assessment has led to a revaluation of the ideas of social entrepreneurship and impact investing. In this article we explore the...

The electric power grid is a crucial part of societal infrastructure and needs constant attention to maintain its performance and reliability. European grid project investments are currently valued at over 5 billion Euros and are estimated to reach 56 billion by 2020 [2]. Successful smart grid deployment will require a holistic analysis and design...

The future of the developed, developing and emerging countries in a global world strongly depends on the availability and transport of energy. It is believed that the near future the consumption of energy will continuously grow. Security and sustainability have become major priorities to both customers and electric companies. Deployment of sustaina...

Al was evaporated at oxygen partial pressures, PO2, varying between 10−7 and 10−4 Pa on substrates of silicon nitride. The substrate temperature was varied between 20 °C and 250°C. The films were annealed at temperatures up to 500°C. For Al films deposited at 20°C, it was found that the average grain size decreases with increasing oxygen partial pr...

Clinical moral case deliberation consists of the systematic reflection on a concrete moral case by health care professionals. This paper presents the study of a 4-year moral deliberation project. The objectives of this paper are to: (a) describe the practice and the theoretical background of moral deliberation, (b) describe the moral deliberation p...

In April 2006, I was invited to present a discussion paper at a conference of the Centre for Philosophy, Technology and Social Systems (CPTS). The Centre is one of the few initiatives where reformational philosophers and engineers meet to discuss issues of Science, Technology and Society. The main actors in this network are Sytse Strijbos (Vrije Un...

Denken, ontwerpen, maken is het eerste complete basisboek techniekfilosofie. Het slaat een brug tussen de verschillende fasen van de techniek, zoals ontwerp, productie en gebruik en de filosofie – inclusief sociale en ethische vraagstukken. Ook aantrekkelijk voor vakfilosofen, ingenieurs, journalisten en wetenschappers in brede zin. Dit werk is un...

We analyze the organizational structure and explain the added value and the effects of such structure on the involved agents. We argue that organizational structures should be seen along at least three dimensions, instead of just one: integrality, power and information. The main aim of the research is to provide a formal analysis of the individual...

Around the turn of the century the American engineer Frederick Taylor (1856-1917) introduced scientific methods in manufacturing to improve the efficiency. The objective was to control labour by means of rational methods, technological means, and management techniques. Taylor has been at the centre of bitter controversies. On the one hand, his prin...

In 2001 hield Johan J. Graafland zijn oratie Maatschappelijk ondernemen: analyse, verantwoording en fundering. Hiermee aanvaardde hij het ambt van bijzonder hoogleraar Economie, Onderneming en Ethiek aan de Universiteit van Tilburg. Graag wil ik Johan Graafland van harte feliciteren met zijn benoeming. Ik ervaar het toch steeds weer als een bijzond...

Sociotechnical systems theory (STS) does not address in full the implications of the team-context relations, despite its open systems character. There is a need to open STS into a sociotechnical business systems (STBS) theory and practice. We observe three interrelated aspects that are important for STBS. First, the design of the production structu...

An increasing number of organizations have adopted formal ethics programs. Almost all of these programs are institutionalized at a corporate level and based on communication with representatives and on hierarchical regulations. Sociotechnical theory suggests the use of a participative approach for managing ethics in an organization. In this approac...

Dit artikel richt zich op de achtergronden van de positie van de vrouw in de Chinese samenleving. Veel aandacht wordt gegeven aan de man-vrouwrelatie zoals deze getekend wordt in de Chinese klassieken. Ik concludeer dat de confuciaanse traditie dé bepalende factor is voor de positie van de vrouw. Twee elementen zijn van belang. In de eerste plaats...

We have determined the stress distribution in released vacuum‐deposited aluminum films with thicknesses between 350 and 1500 nm. The method used is based on the release of small square segments of the film from the substrate and the subsequent measurement of their curvatures. A simple, idealized stress model is developed, in which tensile stresses...

Diffusely reflecting layers are widely used in passive displays. For example, in liquid-crystal displays an external diffuse reflector is applied in the twistednematic configuration and an internal diffuse reflector in the guest-host configuration. In micromechanical displays, movable diffusely reflecting elements are located inside the cell. For t...

Aluminium films were grown by evaporation at different oxygen partial pressures. The oxygen partial pressure has a marked effect on the growth, the morphology, and the physical properties of the aluminium films. At low oxygen pressures homogeneous, faceted layer was grown. At oxygen partial pressures of about 1×10^-⁵ Pa an inho...

In many technologies a means of characterizing the surfaces of vacuum-deposited metal films would be desirable. Following the first part of this work, which dealt with light scattering, we have assessed ellipsometry as a possible tool. For surfaces with a root-mean-square roughness smaller than 40 nm the influence of roughness on ellipsometric para...

The topography of vacuum-deposited aluminum films with different morphologies has been characterized by the angular distribution of the intensity of the diffusely scattered light. The results of these measurements are compared with morphological data obtained by the stylus technique and the SEM. It is shown that light scattering is a suitable techn...

Al films were grown at three different water partial pressures. The structure of the films at various thicknesses was observed with transmission electron microscopy. It was found that all three cases grew initially by island formation. (i) At greater thicknesses the film grown at the lowest pressure has large grains and a uniform thickness. (ii) Th...

Aluminium films 500 nm thick were deposited onto oxidized silicon wafers by electron gun evaporation at 250°C. The evaporation rates were 0.5 and 1.5 nm s-1. The water partial pressure pH2O during evaporation was varied between 1.8 × 10-6 and 1.5 × 10-3 Pa. It was shown that the water partial pressure has a marked effect on the growth and the morph...

An evaporated thin nickel film was used as a nucleation layer for the electrodeposition of a nickel coating on an evaporated aluminium film. ESCA analyses have shown that adhesion failures of the galvanic layer are connected with oxidation of the surface of the evaporated nickel layer.

Two new systems, Bi2O3Er2O3 and ZrO2Y2O3(CaO)Bi2O3 were investigated. The first system has a homogeneous cubic, fluorite phase between 17.5 and 45.5 mol % Er2O3 and can be sintered to densities near 95% at 1200 K. At temperatures between 700 K and 1000 K the highest value of the a.c. oxygen ion conduction in this system is twice as much as the h...

The topography of vacuum-deposited aluminium films was characterized by optical methods. These results were compared with the morphological data obtained using the stylus technique and a scanning electron microscope. It is shown that light scattering is a very suitable technique for characterization. The scattering spectrum is a “fingerprint” of th...

Im Hinblick auf die Anwendung von Feststoff-Elektrolyten in O2-Sensoren, O2-Pumpen und Hochtemp.- Brennstoffzellen wurde das Verhalten von aufgest?ubten Pt-Elektroden (0.75 ? Dicke) und Pt-Netz-Elektroden (200 meshes/cm2) an den Elektrolytsystemen ZrO-2Y2O3, Bi2O3-Er2O3 und CeO2-Gd2O3 bei 770-1050 K und O2-Partialdr?cken von 10-5 - 1 at (N2-O2-Misc...

An equivalent electrical circuit that describes the electrode processes on different electrolytes, using porous Pt electrodes,is given. Diffusional processes are important and have to be presented by Warburg components in the circuit. Theoverall electrode process is rate limited by diffusion of atomic oxygen on the electrode surface for stabilized...

The electrode behavior of Pt‐sputtered and PT‐gauze electrodes on , , and solid electrolytes was investigated by means of d‐c measurements in the temperature region of 770–1050 K and in the oxygen partial pressure region of using mixtures. On these different materials the same electrode morphology was realized and was preserved during the subsequen...

The electrode behavior of Pt-sputtered and PT-gauze electrodes on ZrO2-Y2O3, Bi2O3-Er2O3, and CeO2-Gd2O3 solid electrolyteswas investigated by means of d-c measurements in the temperature region of 770–1050 K and in the oxygen partialpressure region of 10–5 – 1 atm O2 using N2-O2 mixtures. On these different materials the same electrode morphology...

An equivalent electrical circuit that describes the electrode processes on different electrolytes, using porous Pt electrodes, is given. Diffusional processes are important and have to be presented by Warburg components in the circuit. The overall electrode process is rate limited by diffusion of atomic oxygen on the electrode surface for stabilize...

A neutron diffraction study was performed on (Bi2O3)O.80(Er2O3)0.20 in the temperature region of 300–1100 K. There is no long-range ordering of vacancies. It is concluded from diffuse scattering that at low temperatures short-range ordering appears, leading to the occurrence of relatively short Ln-O distances. At temperatures above 870 K the oxygen...

The effect of low concentrations of Fe2O3, Al2O3 and Bi2O3 on the sintering behaviour of (ZrO2)0.83 (YO1.5)0.17, made by alkoxide synthesis, has been investigated. The best results are achieved with Bi2O3 as a sinter agent and a relative density of 95% is obtained at 1200 K. The effects of these impurities on the electrical conductivity of the bulk...

Grain boundary conductivities are determined by complex impedance measurements (1–106 Hz) on high-purity ceramics prepared by the alkoxide synthesis and on less pure ceramics obtained from a commercial powder. The grain size was varied systematically in the region 0.36–55 μm. The grain boundary conductivity is strongly influenced by the grain size,...

High oxygen conductivities can be achieved in cation ordered LnxZrl-x=xO2-l/2x (Ln=Gd, Nd) solid solutions with pyrochlore (P) structure. High values of the pre-exponential factor σo are correlated with the degree of anion disorder in the 8b oxygen sublattice (neutron diffraction). The activation energy ΔH is lowered by cation ordering (F-P transit...

The phase diagram of the Bi2O3-Dy2O3 system was investigated. A monophasicfcc structure was stabilized for samples containing 28.5–50.0 mole percent (m/o) Dy2O3. Above and below this concentration range polyphasic regionsappear. The fcc phase showed high oxygen ion conduction. The ionictransference number is equal to one for specimens containing 28...

Das Phasendiagramm des Titel.systems wird untersucht.

The phase diagram of the Bi//2O//3-Dy//2O//3 system was investigated. A monophasic fcc structure was stabilized for samples containing 28. 5-50. 0 mole percent (m/o) Dy//2O//3. Above and below this concentration range polyphasic regions appear. The fcc phase showed high oxygen ion conduction. The ionic transference number is equal to one for specim...

Using cells with calcia stabilized zirconia as the solid electrolyte, the standard free energy of formation of stabilized Bi2O3 (fcc) was determined in the temperature range 750–950 K. The stability against reduction of stabilized Bi2O3 (fcc) is not increased with respect to pured-Bi2O3 (fcc). The corrosion of the calcia stabilized zirconia tube ca...

The phase diagram of the Bi2O3-Er2O3 system was investigated. A monophasic f c c structure was stabilized for samples containing 17.5–45.5 mol% Er2O3. Above and below this concentration range polyphasic regions appear. The f c c phase showed high oxygen ion conduction. The ionic transference number is equal to one for specimens containing 30 mol% E...

Determination of thermodynamic data on the formation of Bi2O3 was established by emf measurements as a function of temperature in the range 660–820°C on the system Metal, Bi(1)|Bi2O3|Pt, O2. From the results using a tungsten electrode the following relation was found: ΔG0 = −(134.7 ± 1.2) + (64.0 ± 1.2) × 10−3 T kcal mole−1 (validity range: 940–108...

This article discusses the question, 'What is Christian leadership?ʹ A popular view is that Christian leadership is simply leadership in agreement with the values and norms of the Bible. It is suggested that this view has the wrong expectations of the Bible and also undervalues the contribution of organisation science. Proceeding from the notion of...