M. Zubair KhanFederal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology · Department of Physics
M. Zubair Khan
PhD (Physics)
CHAIRMAN PHYSICS DEPARTMENT
About
53
Publications
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Introduction
Electron beam emission studies from the plasma focus within the Plasma Focus Device to confirm the Energy value at the different timing and find the best result for my thesis and future studies of Plasma Research groups to develop it for future applications.
Also, I have interest in Material Science and Spectroscopy related research.
Additional affiliations
April 2010 - May 2016
September 1997 - December 1999
April 2000 - March 2002
Education
April 2010 - May 2016
August 2000 - December 2002
September 1997 - December 1999
Publications
Publications (53)
Contamination of toxins in chicken’s liver is a serious concern for human health owing to related threats of cytotoxicity and general pathologies after their digestion. The quantitative investigations were accomplished by calibration curves plotted for all the detected toxins via typical samples arranged in the known concentrations in the chicken l...
Quantitative and qualitative analyze of toxic and nutritional elements existing in different kinds of black tea (Camellia Sinensis) leaves available in Pakistan was conducted with calibration free/laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF/LIBS). A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser employed to create micro-plasma on the tea sample surfaces. The quantitative an...
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is the latest technology to produce hydrogen and electricity by using sunlight. The low bandgap of tungsten oxide (WO3) enables it as a suitable candidate for PEC water splitting. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a material having extra thin sheets and a very large surface area with extreme conductivity. Gr...
In the current paper, we applied laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to determine the elemental distribution of nutritional and trace heavy metals in pepper powders available in Pakistan using standard calibration curve laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (CC-LIBS) technique. The samples were found to contained elements like K, Ca, Mg, Na,...
This study focuses on the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to determine lead and chromium in pristine aloe vera and aloe vera based beauty soaps using the second harmonic (532 nm) of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The optimal experimental conditions were evaluated to improve the sensitivity of the detection system by a paramet...
We studied laser ablation and plasma property evolution for a nickel (Ni) doped tin (Sn) oxide nanostructures target using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The transition metal Ni doped tin oxide nanostructures were synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal methodologies. The size of prepared nanoparticles was verified by X-ray d...
In this work, qualitative as well as the quantitative study of nutritional and trace toxic metals in various dry milk powders (local and branded) available in Pakistan was accomplished by calibration free-laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS). To analyze the optical emission spectra, a pulsed Nd-YAG laser was utilized to produce micro-plas...
Fuller’s earth, most commonly known as Multani Matti (clay) in Urdu, among its various utilizations is traditionally used in skin care cosmetics, particularly for removing blackheads and to treat oily skin. It is also used for improving skin complexion. In this paper, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was effectively employed for the quan...
Pinching of the current sheath in the plasma focus (PF) device is an important phase to transfer the stored energy to the high density short lived plasma for the production of a group of useful radiations. The current sheath formation during the initial breakdown of the gas is a critical process in the PF operation. In this regard, the understandin...
Polycrystalline cadmium hydroxide nanomaterials have successfully been synthesized by composite-hydroxide-mediated approach with growth time variation. The influence of growth time on structural, morphological, elemental, and optical properties was explored using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrosco...
An optimized laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system was utilized as a robust tool for the detection of high toxic lead (Pb) in often used edible colors available in local markets. Edible colors are extensively used in different food stuffs and sweet dish items. To attain a highly sensitive LIBS system for the determination of trace amou...
We have used emission spectroscopy to determine the plasma parameters of strontium in a glow discharge lamp. The excitation temperature is determined from the Boltzmann’s plot method, and the electron density is measured from the Stark broadening of the observed spectral lines. Sr I line at 640.846 nm corresponding to \(4d5p~ ^{3}{\mathbf{F}^{0}}_{...
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system was optimized and was applied for the elemental analysis and exposure of the heavy metals in betel leaves in air. Pulsed Nd:YAG (1064 nm) in conjunction with a suitable detector (LIBS 2000+, Ocean Optics, Inc) having the optical resolution of 0.06 nm was used to record the emission spectra from 200...
The spectroscopic analysis of high protein nigella seeds (also called Kalonji) was performed using pulsed nanosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) at 532 nm. The emission spectrum of Kalonji recorded with an LIBS spectrometer exposed the presence of various elements like Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cr, K, P, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, S, Si, Cu, Fe, Ti, Sn,...
A spectrometer based on pulsed nanosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was employed for the quantitative determination of heavy and essential metals in salts from various sources available in Pakistan. Six salt samples were collected from sea salt and rock salt. Toxic metals (Cu, Cd, and Ni) and other microessentials (Fe, Ca, Co, Mg,...
Thin films of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) were deposited on biomedical glass strips and fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates by sol–gel and indigenously developed spin coating system. The physical properties such as structural, thermal, optical and electrochemical properties of V2O5 thin films were investigated. X-ray diffraction of the film ann...
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used for the quantitative analysis of elements present in textile dyes at ambient pressure via the fundamental mode (1064 nm) of a Nd:YAG pulsed laser. Three samples were collected for this purpose. Spectra of textile dyes were acquired using an HR spectrometer (LIBS2000+, Ocean Optics, Inc.) having a...
Dust grain potential variation influence by positive ion streaming as well as negative ion streaming is presented in a complex (dusty) plasma following the Maxwellian/non-Maxwellian (kappa distribution and Cairns distribution) function. The components of complex plasma are the electrons, ions [positive and negative], and dust grains having negative...
An investigation of the linear and non-linear properties of low-frequency electrostatic (dust acoustic) waves in a collisional dusty plasma with negative dust grains, Maxwellian electrons, and κ-distributed ions is carried out. Low dust–neutral collisions accounting for dissipation (wave damping effect) is considered. The linear properties of dust...
A more generalized form of the non-Maxwellian distribution function, i.e., the AZ-distribution function is presented. Its fundamental properties are numerically observed by the variation of three parameters: α (rate of energetic particles on the shoulder), r (energetic particles on a broad shoulder), and q (superthermality on the tail of the veloci...
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is widely used in artificial joints in the replacement of knee, hip and shoulder that has been impaired as a result of arthritis or other degenerative joint diseases. The UHMWPE made plastic cup is placed in the joint socket in contact with a metal or ceramic ball affixed to a metal stem. Effective...
The dense plasma focus (DPF) device belongs to the category of noncylindrical Z-pinch facility that produced pinched plasma of very high temperature and high density by electromagnetic acceleration and compression. The plasma pinch produced in few mbar of gas filling exhibited a large range of complex physical phenomena which is also an abundant so...
A large number of experimental investigations have been carried out on plasma focus devices especially at low energy level of several kJ or over 100 kJ. There are few machines operating in the middle energy range of 10–50 kJ, where the neutron yield typically in the order of 108–109 per shot. This paper reviews the optimisation process of two diffe...
Dustgraincharging processes are presented in a non-Maxwellian dusty plasma following the Cairns-Tsallis (q, α)–distribution, whose constituents are the electrons, as well as the positive/negative ions and negatively chargeddustgrains. For this purpose, we have solved the current balance equation for a negatively chargeddustgrain to achieve an equil...
A responsive laser induced breakdown spectroscopic system was developed and improved for utilizing it as a sensor for the classification of quartz samples on the basis of trace elements present in the acquired samples. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in conjunction with discriminant function analysis (DFA) was applied for the classifica...
Dust grains’ potential variation is presented by using a non-equilibrium complex (dusty) plasma following the Vasyliunas Cairns (VC)-distribution, in which the components such as the electrons, ions [positive and negative], and dust grains have negative charge. For this reason, mathematical statement of currents is solved for dust grains having neg...
We presents spectroscopic study of the plasma generated by a Q-switched Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser irradiation of the flesh of red and white skin potatoes. From the spectra recorded with spectrometer (LIBS2500+, Ocean Optics, USA) 11 elements were identified in red skin potato, whereas, the white skin potato was found to have nine elements. Their relat...
A 2.2 kJ plasma focus device was analysed as an electron beam and an X-ray source that operates with argon gas refilled at a specific pressure. Time-resolved X-ray signals were observed using an array of PIN diode detectors, and the electron beam energy was detected using a scintillator-assisted photomultiplier tube. The resultant X-rays were inves...
A large number of experimental investigations
have been carried out on plasma focus devices especially at
low energy level of several kJ or over 100 kJ. There are
few machines operating in the middle energy range of
10–50 kJ, where the neutron yield typically in the order of
108–109 per shot. This paper reviews the optimisation
process of two diffe...
A low-energy plasma focus device was used as an electron beam source. A technique was developed to simultaneously measure the electron beam intensity and energy. The system was operated in Argon filling at an optimum pressure of 1.7 mbar. A Faraday cup was used together with an array of filtered PIN diodes. The beam-target X-rays were registered th...
Electron beam emission was investigated in a low energy plasma focus
device (2.2 kJ) using copper hollow anode.
Faraday cup was used to estimate the energy of the electron beam. XR100CR X-ray spectrometer was used to explore the impact of the electron beam on the target observed from top-on and side-on position. Experiments were carried out at op...
The radiation emission in a 2.2 kJ Mather-type dense plasma focus
device is investigated using a five channel BPX65 PIN diode spectrometer. Estimated X-ray associated with the hollow anode without and with target in Argon gas medium is compared. At optimum conditions, the radiation emission from the system is found to be strongly influenced with t...
Radiation emission in a 2.2 kJ Mather-type plasma focus device is investigated using a five channel BPX65 PIN diode spectrometer. At optimum condition, radiation emission from the system is found to be strongly influenced in hollow anode and filling gas pressure. Maximum X-ray yield in 4p sr has been obtained in case of hollow anode in argon gas me...
A Plasma Focus device (2.2 kJ, 12 kV) is studied as a pulsed X-ray source, operated with Argon at a filling pressure in the range of 0.7 to 2.5 mbar. The time resolved X-ray signals are measured with an array of PIN diode detectors. The X-ray emission produced by the plasma focus discharge at various pressures is investigated and compared. It is fo...
Radiation emission in a low energy (2.2kJ, 12kV) UM plasma focus is studied. The system is operated in Argon filling gas. Enrichment of the radiation emission yield is obtained with an optimized pressure 1.7 mbar. Time resolved radiation emission measurements are made by using an array of PIN diode detectors covered with few Al foil thicknesses, to...
A comparative study on the radiation emission such as X-ray yield and efficiency has been carried out in compact diode device. Two different designs of cathode having sharp-edged razor blade (of 0.5 mm thickness with width 2 mm) and a sewing machine needle (of 0.5 mm diameter at tip with length of 39 mm) have been tested for this study. The radiati...
A compact diode comprising a flat plate anode and a sharp-edged cathode (a piece of razor blade) energized by 0.5 F capacitor charged to 30 kV is investigated for optimization of X-rays emission vis--vis separation between electrodes and width of the cathode, which is responsible for electron emission by impact of electric field. It is a high-induc...
A study on X-ray emission from a low energy (3.3 kJ) plasma focus (PF) device operated with hydrogen is reported. X-rays (X-n) are detected by using an X-ray detector consisting of three Quantrad Si PIN-diodes with differential filtering and with a pinhole camera. The X-ray yield in different energy windows is measured as a function of hydrogen fil...
Questions
Questions (4)
How to analyse the electron beam signal for electron charge, current and charge density with the pressure of gas?
Within experiment, I am using a Faraday Cup for the detection of current signal when electron beam emit from the plasma focus and hit with the plate of cup. During this process, electron cannot be accumulate on the plate due to high potential presence due to the electrode regions of the plasma focus device and electron beam comes via this high potential plate side of system. If any idea to reduce this high potential effect on the electron beam apporach to the Faraday Cup. This Faraday cup is not biased with any potive potential.
Actually, I am trying to find the lead k alpha line with a 12kV voltage applied to my focus system using the x-ray spectrometer. What is the role of the threshold in visualizing the spectrum with a spectrometer?
How can I be very specific with the range means range of interest with this spectrometer?
I tried before but found nothing for my requirement.
Therefore, I need information. What mistakes could I potentially make during this recording of data with the spectrometer?
Electron beam emission study from the plasma focus device.
