M. Stuiver

University of Washington | UW · Department of Earth and Space Sciences

Duurzaam voedsel leeft en staat volop in de belangstelling. Het ministerie van EL&I ziet een belangrijke rol weggelegd voor gemeenten om duurzame regionale voedselsystemen te ontwikkelen samen met bedrijven, kennisinstellingen en maatschappelijke organisaties. Steeds meer gemeenten experimenteren met een aanpak. Daarbij rijzen er vragen over wat de...

ABSTRACTA detailed radial profile for the 14C concentration in tree stem cellulose, covering growth rings for the years 1962–1964, was obtained for a Sitka spruce of the US Pacific Coast using accelerator mass spectrometry. The tree cellulose 14C closely follows atmospheric 14CO2 concentrations, responding to changes with an apparent delay of 5 to...

Welke internationale voorbeelden van steden zijn er die op lokaal niveau beleid maken om duurzaam voedsel te bevorderen? Wat zeggen die voorbeelden wat je als gemeente op lokaal niveau kan doen om duurzaam voedsel te bevorderen? In dit document staan 10 voorbeelden van gemeenten wereldwijd die lokaal beleid daarvoor maken. Dit zijn de gemeenten Ros...

Sinds de invoering van het Investeringsbudget Landelijk Gebied zijn regionale gebiedscoalities niet meer weg te denken uit het beleid voor het landelijk gebied. Ze coördineren de beleidsuitvoering voor provincies, werken aan een gemeenschappelijke aanpak voor de gebiedsproblematiek en jagen projecten aan. Naast instrumenteel vermogen hebben zij hie...

A celebration is in order: the journal Radiocarbon is now a mature 50 years without drastic changes in its identity. There have been, of course, additions in terms of specific isotopes (it is now an international journal of cosmogenic isotope research), but the 14 C content is still very extensive. The triannual offshoots, conference proceedings (s...

Recent efforts to link the isotopic composition of snow in Greenland with meteorological and climatic parameters have indicated that relatively local information such as observed annual temperatures from coastal Greenland sites, as well as more synoptic scale features such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the temperature seesaw between J...

Natural atmospheric 14C changes are caused by fluctuations in upper atmospheric 14C production rates (Q) that are related to earth geomagnetic field variations and changes in solar wind magnetic shielding properties. Climate variability may also be responsible for some of the changes because it influences exchange rates of 14C between the various t...

The characteristics of a one-dimensional vertical advection-diffusion ocean mixing model were examined using temperature, salinity, and bomb 14C measurements made during the GEOSECS program. Vertical advection (W) and eddy diffusion (K) rates for the main oceanic thermocliine and CO2 gas exchange rates (E) were determined from the depth distributio...

Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Quaternary Science Reviews 25 (2006): 855-862, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.09.009. A recently published radiocarbon calibration curve ext...

Single-year and decadal radiocarbon tree-ring ages are tabulated and discussed in terms of 14C age calibration. The single-year data form the basis of a detailed 14C age calibration curve for the cal AD 1510-1954 interval ('cal' denotes calibrated). The Seattle decadal data set (back to 11,617 cal BP, with 0 BP = AD 1950) is a component of the inte...

A new calibration curve for the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages has been constructed and internationally ratified to replace IntCal98, which extended from 0–24 cal kyr BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950). The new calibration data set for terrestrial samples extends from 0–26 cal kyr BP, but with much higher resolution be...

New radiocarbon calibration curves, IntCal04 and Marine04, have been constructed and internationally ratified to replace the terrestrial and marine components of IntCal98. The new calibration datasets extend an additional 2000 years, from 0-26 ka cal BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950), and provide much higher resolution, greater precision and...

New radiocarbon calibration curves, IntCal04 and Marine04, have been constructed and internationally ratified to replace the terrestrial and marine components of IntCal98. The new calibration data sets extend an additional 2000 yr, from 0–26 cal kyr BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950), and provide much higher resolution, greater precision, and...

A new calibration curve for the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages has been constructed and internationally ratified to replace IntCal98, which extended from 0–24 cal kyr BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950). The new calibration data set for terrestrial samples extends from 0–26 cal kyr BP, but with much higher resolution be...

A new calibration curve for the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages has been constructed and internationally ratified to replace IntCal98, which extended from 0–24 cal kyr BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950). The new calibration data set for terrestrial samples extends from 0–26 cal kyr BP, but with much higher resolution be...

The radiocarbon calibration curve IntCal04 extends back to 26 cal kyr BP. While several high-resolution records exist beyond this limit, these data sets exhibit discrepancies of up to several millennia. As a result, no calibration curve for the time range 26–50 cal kyr BP can be recommended as yet, but in this paper the IntCal04 working group compa...

Because atmosphere 14C levels have not been constant through time, it is necessary to calibrate radiocarbon dates with known age radiocarbon datasets in order to compare paleorecords based on 14C ages and those based on other timescales. The need for a consensus calibration dataset was acknowledged by the radiocarbon community as a way of preventin...

We have conducted a series of radiocarbon measurements on decadal samples of dendrochronologically dated wood from both hemispheres, spanning 1000 years (McCormac et al. 1998; Hogg et al. this issue). Using the data presented in Hogg et al., we show that during the period AD 950-1850 the 14C offset between the hemispheres is not constant, but varie...

The World Ocean Circulation Experiment, carried out between 1990 and 1997, provided the most comprehensive oceanic survey of radiocarbon to date. Approximately 10,000 samples were collected in the Pacific Ocean by U.S. investigators for both conventional large volume β counting and small volume accelerator mass spectrometry analysis techniques. Res...

The first meeting of the IntCal04 working group took place at Queen’s University Belfast from April 15 to 17, 2002. The participants are listed as co-authors of this report. The meeting considered criteria for the acceptance of data into the next official calibration dataset, the importance of including reliable estimates of uncertainty in both the...

The O-18/O-16 profile of a 554-m long ice core through Taylor Dome, Antarctica, shows the climate variability of the last glacial-interglacial cycle in detail and extends at least another full cycle. Taylor Dome shares the main features of the Vostok record, including the early climatic optimum with later cool phase of the last interglacial period...

Measurements of the isotopic composition of carbon dioxide were performed on EPICA Dome C ice on 76 different depth levels covering the last 40'000 years. The time resolution is in the order of 500 years for the last 18'000 years. For each depth level at least two determinations were obtained. The δ 13 C signals show different trends during the las...

The focus of this paper is the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages for the interval 24,00-0 cal BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950), based upon a sample set of dendrochronologically dated tree rings, uranium-thorium dated corals, and varve-counted marine sediment. The 14C age-cal age information, produced by many laboratorie...

Geochemical data and geophysical measurements from a 554-m ice-core from Taylor Dome, East Antarctica, provide the basis for climate reconstruction in the western Ross Embayment through the entire Wisconsinan and Holocene. In comparison with ice cores from central East and West Antarctica, Taylor Dome shows greater variance of temperature, snow acc...

The GISP2 oxygen isotope record, with its high-resolution detail, yields crucial information on past climate change. The glacial δ18O oscillations of the GISP2 core, with their very fast onsets, are templates of a prototype oscillation of variable duration with an amplitude of 3.9‰. The halfway mark of the cold–warm transition is reached in 2 years...

Current calibration methods for single and replicate 14C dates are compared. Var-ious forms of tabular and graphic output are discussed. Results from all the methods show reasonable agreement but further methodological development and improvements in computer output are required. Comparison of existing techniques for a series of non-contemporaneous...

A variable solar (helio-magnetic) modulation of the cosmic ray flux causes atmospheric 14C to change on a decadal to century timescale. Ocean-atmosphere exchange rates and atmospheric circulation patterns play a role in Northern-Southern Hemispheric 14C offsets and regional 14C differences that are significant for radiocarbon dating. Time dependent...

The focus of this paper is the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages for the interval 24,000–0 cal BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950), based upon a sample set of dendrochronologically dated tree rings, uranium-thorium dated corals, and varve-counted marine sediment. The 14C age–cal age information, produced by many laboratori...

The focus of this paper is the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages for the interval 24,000-0 cal BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950), based upon a sample set of dendrochronologically dated tree rings, uranium-thorium dated corals, and varve-counted marine sediment. The 14C age-cal age information, produced by many laboratori...

The focus of this paper is the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages for the interval 24,000–0 cal BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950), based upon a sample set of dendrochronologically dated tree rings, uranium-thorium dated corals, and varve-counted marine sediment. The 14 C age–cal age information, produced by many laborator...

Recent efforts to link the isotopic composition of snow in Greenland with meteorological and climatic parameters have indicated that relatively local information such as observed annual temperatures from coastal Greenland sites, as well as more synoptic scale features such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the temperature seesaw between J...

The 3-km-long Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core presents a 100,000+- year detailed oxygen isotope profile covering almost a full glacial-interglacial cycle. Measurements of isotopic fluctuations in snow, frost, and atmospheric water vapor samples collected during summer field seasons (up to 200/00) are compatible with the large and abr...

Well-documented present-day distributions of stable water isotopes (HDO and H2180) show the existence, in middle and high latitudes, of a linear relationship between the mean annual isotope content of precipitation (/SD and/5SO) and the mean annual temperature at the precipitation site. Paleoclimatologists have used this relationship, which is par...

Changes in solar constant over an 11 yr cycle suggest a certain, but limited, degree of solar forcing of climate. The high-resolution climate (oxygen isotope) record of the Greenland GISP2 (Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2) ice core has been analyzed for solar (and volcanic) influences. The atmospheric14C record is used as a proxy of solar change and...

The most prominent Holocene climatic event in Greenland ice-core proxies, with approximately half the amplitude of the Younger Dryas, occurred ˜8000 to 8400 yr ago. This Holocene event affected regions well beyond the North Atlantic basin, as shown by synchronous increases in windblown chemical indicators together with a significant decrease in met...

Well-documented present-day distributions of stable water isotopes (HDO and others) show the existence, in middle and high latitudes, of a linear relationship between the mean annual isotope content of precipitation (SD and 51"0) and the mean annual temperature at the precipitation site. Paleoclimatologists have used this relationship, which is par...

The purpose of the 14C calibration process is to convert a conventional 14C age into solar time and express the resultant transformation in a manner which accurately reflects the overall precision of the age expression. Comparisons of 14C and dendrochronological data provides a detailed calibration record for the Holocene. The results of paired ura...

High-resolution paleomonsoon proxy records from peat and eolian sand–paleosol sequences at the desert–loess transition zone in China denote a rapid oscillation from cold–dry conditions (11,200–10,60014C yr B.P.) to cool–humid conditions (10,600–10,20014C yr B.P.), followed by a return to cold–dry climate (10,200–10,00014C yr B.P.). Variations in pr...

The events to do with peopling the New World archaeologically represented by 'Clovis' and 'Folsom' have been - tantalizingly - beyond the range of radiocarbon calibration. Now calibration extends further, one can ask if the abruptness of Clovis, of Folsom, and of the transition between them are realities. A calibrated chronology for those sites whe...

10Be concentrations in an ice core at Taylor Dome, Antarctica show greater variation over the last 75 years than similar 10Be time-series from Greenland. Like the Greenland records, the new Antarctic data exhibit a strong periodicity which follows expected changes in the production rate of 10Be over the 11-year solar cycle. Noting that the amplitud...

At the University of Miami Tritium Laboratory and the University of Washington Quaternary Isotope Labora-tory, more than 1000 large-volume Pacific Ocean radiocarbon samples were measured for the WOCE program. Here we present a comprehensive data set, and a brief discussion of our findings.

Recently, in an intercomparison of the Hohenheim German oak chronology (Becker 1993) and the Göttingen chronology (Leuschner and Delorme 1988), an error was discovered in the former (Leuschner, in preparation). Due to an error in adding sections at 5241 bc, 41 yr are missing in the published Hohenheim chronology. After correction of the error, the...

This study used the Goddard Institute for Space Studies three-dimensional tracer transport model to examine regional variations in atmospheric mixing. The preindustrial latitudinal gradient of carbon dioxide (COâ) isotope ratio (¹⁴COâ/¹²COâ) was studied for use in constraining regional atmosphere-ocean gas exchanges. Sensitivity analyses of mo...

Measured 18O/16O ratios from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core extending back to 16,500 cal yr B.P. provide a continuous record of climate change since the last glaciation. High-resolution annual 18O/16O results were obtained for most of the current millennium (A.D. 818-1985) and record the Medieval Warm Period, the Little Ice Age,...

Analysis of borehole temperature and Greenland Ice Sheet Project II ice-core isotopic composition reveals that the warming from average glacial conditions to the Holocene in central Greenland was large, approximately 15°C. This is at least three times the coincident temperature change in the tropics and mid-latitudes. The coldest periods of the las...

The 14 C Quality Assurance Programme coordinated by the IAEA (Rozanski et al. 1992) prepared a set of five new intercomparison materials, including 40–50 ka old subfossil wood excavated from New Zealand peat bogs (IAEA C-4 standard). Statistical analysis of 79 14 C measurements made on the wood indicated considerable variation in the results, with...

A depth-age scale and an accumulation history for the Holocene have been established on the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) deep core, providing the most continuously dated record of annual layer accumulation currently available. The depth-age scale was obtained with the use of various independent techniques to count annual layers in the core...

This is a commentary on global circulation model experiments of moisture source changes in Greenland, urging caution in how they are applied because they have important implications for paleoclimate reconstruction from ice cores. The work comes from preliminary find is of a ice core (GISP2) of the authors. The authors conclude that at present anoma...

Analyses of sediments, diatoms, and pollen in a 12.65-m-long sediment core taken from Lake Carpenter in the central Puget Lowland, Washington, provide detailed information regarding the history of deglaciation and late-glacial/early Holocene sea-level changes. The lake outlet, now 8.2 m above sea level, has been lowered 1-1.5 m by postglacial erosi...

The complexity of the atmospheric Δ14C record, as well as its relevance to the Sun’s heliomagnetic modulation of the cosmic ray flux, is discussed. An overriding role of the Sun is unlikely as oceanic thermohaline circulation variability plays an important part as well. Further augmentation of our knowledge of century type solar variability (which...

RECENT results1,2 from the Greenland Ice-core Project (GRIP) Summit ice core suggest that the climate in Greenland has been remarkably stable during the Holocene, but was extremely unstable for the time period represented by the rest of the core, spanning the last two glaciations and the intervening Eemian inter-glacial. Here we present the complet...

Solar (heliomagnetic), geomagnetic and oceanic forcing all play a role in atmospheric 14CO2 change. Here we assign the variance associated with certain periodicities in a single year (0-450 cal. BP) and a Holocene bidecadal (0-11400 cal. BP) 14CO2 record to specific forcing factors. In the single-year time series the variance in the 2-6-year period...

The authors report AMS [sup 14]C measurements on sub annual samples of coral from the Galapagos Islands that span the period, 1970-1973. Both the major 1972 El Nino/Southern Oscillation event and intra-annual changes in regional upwelling of [sup 14]C-depleted waters associated with alternation of surface-ocean current patterns are evident in the r...

The radiocarbon ages of dendrochronologically dated wood samples, each covering 10 years, are reported back to 2500 yr BC. The decadal calibration curve constructed from these data is an extension of the curve previously given for the AD interval (Stuiver, 1982). A major difference with the previous work, however, is the assessment of the error in...

The Age Calibration Program, CALIB, published in 1986 and amended in 1987 is here amended anew. The program is available on a floppy disk in this publication. The new calibration data set covers nearly 22 000 Cal yr (approx 18 400 14C yr) and represents a 6 yr timescale calibration effort by several laboratories. The data are described and the prog...

The detailed radiocarbon age vs calibrated (cal) age studies of tree rings reported in this Calibration Issue provide a unique data set for precise 14C age calibration of materials formed in isotopic equilibrium with atmospheric CO2. The situation is more complex for organisms formed in other reservoirs such as lakes and oceans. Here the initial sp...

The radiocarbon ages of dendrochronologically dated wood spanning the AD 1950–6000 BC interval are now available for Seattle (10-yr samples, Stuiver & Becker 1993) and Belfast (20-yr samples, Pearson, Becker & Qua 1993; Pearson & Qua 1993). The results of both laboratories were previously combined to generate a bidecadal calibration curve spanning...

Oxygen isotope records from these other lakes also show that the 18O:16O ratio during the early Holocene was lower than during the mid-Holocene, and this pattern has been interpreted as representing a response to a generally warmer and drier climate during the mid-Holocene beginning about 8000 varve yr (the so-called hypsithermal). Ostracod and dia...

Reports minor corrections for the calibration curve previously published in the Belfast dendrochronology data set. -K.Clayton

Because substantial amounts of wood are required for precision dating most radiocarbon age determinations of tree ring samples cover 10 or 20 years. The determination of the calibration curve with single year spacing requires an order of magnitude larger calibration effort than made so far. Here a single year calibration is presented for recent cen...

A 22 m series of cores from a continuously laminated sequence of postglacial sediment was recovered from 29.6 m of water from the deepest part of Elk Lake, Clearwater County, Minnesota, by piston and freeze-coring methods during the winters of 1978 and 1982. A varve time series constructed and used as a basis for subsampling the cores and samples,...

The sole purpose of this paper is to present a previously published 14 C data set to which minor corrections have been applied. All basic information previously given is still applicable (Pearson & Stuiver 1986). The corrections are needed because 14 C count-rate influences (radon decay in Seattle, a re-evaluation of the corrections applied for eff...

The radiocarbon ages of dendrochronologically-dated wood samples, each covering 10 years, are now available for the cal AD 1950–6000 BC age range. The decadal calibration curve constructed from these data comprises 1) the previously published AD 1950–2500 BC portion (Stuiver & Becker 1986), to which minor 14 C age corrections were applied, and 2) t...

The need for age calibration of conventional radiocarbon ages is widely recognized in the Earth sciences. This need arises from assumptions made when calculating a conventional radiocarbon date. Implied in the calculation is the postulated constancy of atmospheric 14C levels during the past, a condition that is only very marginally fulfilled. There...

Late-glacial and Holocene ratios of atmospheric CO2 vary in magnitude from a few per mil for annual/decadal pertubations to more than 10% for events lasting millennia. A data set illuminating 10- to 104-yr variability refines our understanding of oceanic (climatic) versus geomagnetic or solar forcing of atmospheric ratios. Most of the variance in t...

Four ice cores from the Ross Sea drainage, Antarctica, show patterns of δ ¹⁸ O variations on a time scale of decades to centuries over the last 1400 years without change in the long-term average δ ¹⁸ O. Century scale δ ¹⁸ O fluctuations in the two cores drilled in the Ross Ice Shelf at Station J-9 (82°23′S, 168°38′W, elevation 60 m) are highly corr...

Two methods of assigning probability values to calendar years are compared by summing distributions for a large number of 14C ages derived from samples initially distributed uniformly in calendar years. The radiocarbon ages are calibrated with both a hypothetical calibration curve and the internationally accepted one. The effect of the calibration...