M. Shahidehpour

Illinois Institute of Technology | IIT · Robert W. Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation

In-depth understanding of the multi-energy consumption behavior pattern is the essential to improve the management of multi-energy system (MES). This paper proposes a data-driven three-stage adaptive pattern mining approach for multi-energy loads, which addresses the issues of complex multi- dimensional time-series mining, uncommon daily loads disc...

This paper proposes a Risk-Averse Just-In-Time (RAJIT) operation scheme for Ammonia-Hydrogen-based Micro-Grids (AHMGs) to boost electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupling under uncertainties. First, an off-grid AHMG model is developed, featuring a novel multi-mode ammonia synthesis process and a hydrogen-ammonia dual gas turbine with tunable feed-in rat...

High renewable energy penetration into power distribution systems causes a substantial risk of exceeding voltage security limits, which needs to be accurately assessed and properly managed. However, the existing methods usually rely on the joint probability models of power generation and loads provided by probabilistic prediction to quantify the vo...

To coordinate the interests of operator and users in a microgrid under complex and changeable operating conditions, this paper proposes a microgrid scheduling model considering the thermal flexibility of thermostatically controlled loads and demand response by leveraging physical informed-inspired deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based bi-level pr...

This paper proposes a pricing and scheduling method for shared mobile energy storage systems (SMSs) in coupled power distribution and transportation networks. Different from existing shared energy storage studies, which mostly focus on stationary resources, the paper investigates the SMS operation considering the negotiation of rental prices as wel...

Energy storage is becoming increasingly important in power and energy systems. However, its strongly nonconvex complementarity constraints, which prevent simultaneous charging or discharging behavior, hinder its application in optimization-based decision making. One remedy is to relax these constraints, but the existing relaxation methods are speci...

This paper proposes a frequency security-constrained optimal restoration scheduling framework for active distribution networks (FRSDN). The approach leverages distributed energy resources (DERs), particularly the inverter-interfaced renewable energy generators (IIREGs). First, incorporating the equivalent aggregated frequency response from both the...

The concept of ‘Energy Internet’ (EI) has been widely accepted by both academic and industry experts after more than a decade of development. Since it was proposed, EI has been discussed and applied to many technical works in power and energy areas. Some specific definitions were proposed for EI by those who have applied it to respective fields of...

This paper develops a new decomposition algorithm for solving Electricity Market Pricing (EMP) problem, taking into account both revenue-adequacy and Fast Frequency Reserve (FFR) constraints. Due to revenue-adequacy constraint, a bilevel model of the EMP problem is introduced (BL-EMP). The upper level of the BL-EMP model represents the non-convex u...

The fault ride through (FRT) control of inverter-based distributed generators (IBDGs) is quickly activated after a fault to limit the output current within 2 per unit. There is a phase jump phenomenon at the commencement of FRT control. However, the low fault current level and time-varying phase could make it difficult to guarantee the rapidity and...

Calculation and deposit of carbon emission flow help optimize the systematic management of power system operation with different types of power generation units. Traditionally, centralized computation of carbon emission flow led to some inherent problems, including poor stability, flexibility and data privacy concerns. In contrast, the existing dis...

The modeling of dynamics in energy devices and pipeline networks reflects the real states of multi-energy flows, which is significant for realizing accurate optimal dispatch of integrated energy system (IES). In this paper, an approach with data-driven dynamic energy hubs (DDEH) and thermal dynamics of pipeline networks (TDPN) is proposed to descri...

With the large-scale integration of distributed renewable generation (DRG) and increasing proportion of power electronic equipment, the traditional power distribution network (DN) is evolving into an active distribution network (ADN). The operation state of an ADN, which is equipped with DRGs, could rapidly change among multiple states, which inclu...

The power industry's carbon emissions stand out as a primary contributor to the overall carbon dioxide emissions within the energy system under the context of energy Internet. Thus, reducing emissions in the power sector has become crucial for achieving carbon neutrality. However, challenges from the electricity–carbon nexus have surfaced in effect...

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been gaining great popularity in recent years, but the lack of adequate infrastructure and the long battery charging time have hindered their further development. Therefore, a battery charging and swapping system (BCSS) can solve this problem by arranging battery charging and distributing the battery swapping system (BS...

A fast probabilistic energy flow (PEF) analysis method is proposed for integrated distribution power and heating system (IPHS) operations. The proposed solution will overcome the low efficiency of the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method for calculating the probabilistic energy flows (PEFs) iteratively, which will require an exhaustive set of energy...

The interdependence of electricity and natural gas networks (ENGNs) has led to increased complexity and competing interests among stakeholders. In the event of a leakage failure in a natural gas pipeline, the changes in pipeline parameters pose significant challenges to the optimization and dispatch of natural gas and power grid supply systems. Hen...

The resilience of distribution networks (DNs) or transportation networks (TNs) has attracted a wide attention due to the frequent occurrence of extreme natural disasters. However, the existing works usually investigate the resilience of two systems independently, which neglects their coordinated operations. This paper models the interactions of DNs...

The high penetration of customer-side variable PVs could change power distribution networks (PDNs) operations and lead to frequent nodal voltage violations. The grid-side static var compensators (SVCs), controlled by distribution system operators (DSO), and customer-side PV inverters are usually used as fast devices to mitigate voltage problems cau...

The high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) panels in a distribution system could cause sharp fluctuations in bus voltages. This phenomenon could induce abnormal operations in high-precision equipment or result in erroneous computer memory functions. To handle this issue, this paper proposes a voltage control to smooth out a critical bus voltage, wit...

This paper proposes an aerodynamic-constrained frequency response service (FRS) method tailored specifically for active distribution networks (ADNs) which are dominated by distributed wind turbines (DWTs). First, a novel equal energy incremental rate criterion (EEIRC) is derived, based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition, for optimally utiliz...

Addressing the urgency of climate change necessitates a coordinated and inclusive effort from all relevant stakeholders. Critical to this effort is the modeling, analysis, control, and integration of technological innovations within the electric energy system, which plays a crucial role in scaling up climate change solutions. This perspective artic...

This letter proposes a market-clearing-based locational marginal carbon emission (LMCE) metric to assess the marginal carbon emission effect of nodal load demand. Unlike the prevalent carbon emission flow (CEF) method that relies on a hypothetical power-flow tracking process, the proposed LMCE metric depends on a novel sensitivity analysis of marke...

The growing penetration of renewable energy sources, with intermittent and uncertain nature, brings new challenges to the secure and efficient operation of power systems. Expanding transmission networks and utilizing energy storage (ES) have been introduced as effective solutions to address these challenges. This paper presents a minimax regret co-...

The paper presents a fault region identification method for the active distribution network (ADN) with limited PMU. First, PMU configuration and region division strategies are proposed based on the network topology. Next, the difference in three-phase current variations between the normal and fault regions of the ADN is analyzed. A multi-dimensiona...

Accurate load forecasting is essential for the operational management of distribution network. This paper proposes a hybrid ensemble deep learning (HEDL) load forecasting framework. Two-stage load decomposition is based on multiple seasonal-trend decomposition using loess (MSTL) and variational mode decomposition (VMD), which simplifies the observe...

In pursuit of achieving carbon neutrality goals, modern power systems are increasingly characterized by low-carbon and low-inertia properties, leading to significant concerns regarding the security of system frequency. These ancillary services for providing frequency regulation (FR) can contribute to the system inertia, FR reserve capacity, and the...

In this paper, a transactive-based scheduling approach is proposed to optimize EVs charging/discharging scheduling taking into account technical requirements of EVs with different State-Of-Charge (SOC) levels and EV owners’ preferences. In the proposed approach, EV aggregator (EVA) solves an optimization problem to determine the charging/dischargin...

The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs), if not properly integrated, has the potential to impact the secure and economic operation of distribution systems. To tackle this challenge, the system operators and planners have two primary options: i ) expanding system capacity, ii ) implementing charging management programs. In this paper,...

The growing uncertainty and the variability arising from the continuous proliferation of variable renewable deployment in electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) and power distribution network (PDN) have posed inevitable cost and operation risks to EVCSs and PDN, respectively. In such an intricate uncertain environment, how to coordinate the pee...

This paper proposes a novel voltage-adaptive strategy (VAS) considering current limits of renewable energy resources (RESs), to enhance the transient stability of the power system with 100% renewable energy (PSRE). First, taking the current limits into account, a new transient stability mechanism is revealed by deriving the fault critical clearing...

We propose a dynamic programming (DP) model for multi-stage stochastic-robust optimization (DMSR) to solve the real-time dispatch in power grids with fast-acting (FA) units for enhancing system resilience under extreme events. The proposed approach considers an offline solution and online dispatch. In the offline solution, the T-period real-time di...

The multimodal dynamic stability (MDS) is a critical issue for constructing power systems with 100% renewable energy (PSRE). This paper proposes a multimodal unified control (MUC) method for enhancing the MDS in PSRE. First, an improved Heffron-Phillips model is established to demonstrate the mechanism of multimodal dynamic instability (MDI). Next,...

The Volt/Var optimization (VVO) enables advanced control strategy development for voltage regulation. With the recent advancement of data-driven approaches and communication infrastructure, real-time decision-making through VVO can effectively address distributed energy resources (DERs) uncertainties without relying on models and topologies of dist...

The large-scale integration of distributed photovoltaic energy into traction substations can promote selfconsistency and low-carbon energy consumption of rail transit systems. However, the power fluctuations in distributed photovoltaic power generation (PV) restrict the efficient operation of rail transit systems. Thus, based on the rail transit sy...

This paper presents an operational decision-making scheme for facilitating the collaborative decisions between the utility distribution grid (UDG) and microgrids (MGs) in an active distribution network (ADN). The collaborative decision-making among UDG and MGs can help maximize the social welfare of ADN operations, but the decision-making process i...

The integration of variable wind power faces additional challenges with the increasing global emphasis on renewable energy integration. Energy storage systems (ESS) can offer promising solutions but the implementations for individual wind farms (WFs) are deemed very costly. This paper proposes an integrated model for WFs and shared energy storage s...

The inherent linkage between a power distribution system (PDS) and a district heating system (DHS) necessitates coordinated load restoration after natural disasters. To guarantee optimal load restoration during a recovery process, a coordinated dispatch strategy of the maintenance crew for the PDS/DHS considering the optimal reconfiguration of thei...

Demand response (DR) enables numerous smallscale users, as independent decision-makers, to minimize their costs while representing the real-time electricity consumption as an aggregative game. Consequently, the optimal power system operation would be determined by the equilibrium of small users. This paper leverages the user equilibrium (UE) concep...

Microgrids (MGs) are initiated in power systems to speed up the integration of the independently operated distributed energy resources (DERs) into the network. In this regard, in multi-agent microgrids (MAMGs), independent agents aim to operate their resources, while the MG operator (MGO) coordinates independent agents to address the operational is...

Unit commitment (UC) is a key player in the coordinated operation of integrated energy systems. However, the participation of multiple market entities with widely different characteristics in large-scale energy systems has urged the critical need for the application of a distributed scheme to the UC problem. The NP-hard UC problem is a challenging...

With a large number of flexible resources accessing the active distribution network (ADN), the security and economic operation of ADN face more challenges. In this paper, the flexible operation portrait model of electric vehicles (EVs) is first established, and a Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) based method is proposed for predicting...

The rapidly increasing charging load of electric vehicles (EV) calls for large charging capacities, which brings operational and economic challenges to power distribution network (PDN) with limited supply capacities. To tackle such challenges, this work proposes the concept of charging capacity market that enables the day-ahead allocation and tradi...

Grid modernization has increased the reliance of power networks on cyber networks within distribution systems (DSs), heightening their vulnerability to disasters. Communication network failures significantly impede DS load recovery by diminishing observation and control. Prior research has largely ignored the need for integrated recovery of DS powe...

The self-scheduling energy-intensive enterprise (EIE) has great potential to participate in demand response (DR) regulations. However, the multi-period self-scheduling model with the DR will bring computational burdens, since there are lots of binary decision variables. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a convex hull model for the self...

As the persistent proliferation of renewable energy sources (RESs) will have a significant impact on the prediction of power system inertia, a statistically accurate prediction model for the system inertia, like the traditional prediction-then-optimize (PTO) model, might not necessarily lead to higher economics and security in the day-ahead schedul...

Integrating energy storage systems (ESSs) into the railway power flow controller (RPFC) offers a promising path to enhance the interaction capability and connection compatibility between the railway power systems (RPSs) and the utility. Despite its technical advantages, full consideration must be given to the media-type & configuration of ESS, the...

Electric buses (EBs) which can serve as power sources and transportation tools can improve the resilience of power distribution networks (PDNs) and urban transportation networks (UTNs). This paper proposes a coordinated multi-task EB scheduling method for the post-disaster operation of transportation-power distribution networks (TDNs). Different fr...

The use of distributed photovoltaic (PV) for energy sharing is a promising solution to curb energy poverty. However, due to financial barriers, spatial issues, and regulation challenges, energy sharing potentials for devising an energy supply alternative are yet to be manifested and implemented in practice. In this paper, we propose an equitable en...

In the smart grid era, power distribution system (PDS) has gradually become a cyber-physical system with distinctly different modes of operation and control. This paper proposes a reliability modeling and assessment method for a cyber-physical distribution system (CPDS). The proposed CPDS reliability analysis method considers a multi-dimensional ne...

The proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) and the increasing interdependence across power distribution networks (DNs) and transportation networks (TNs) have increased the complexity and vulnerability of the two systems in extreme circumstances. As the interdependence of two infrastructures tightens over time, it is viewed as a dire necessity to...

Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) has been applied to EV charging scheduling. However, it relies on centralized training and thus is significantly challenged by privacy, communication and computing concerns. To address this issue, this letter proposes a novel distributed training and distributed execution (DTDE) framework-based fully-...

It is suggested in the literature that the stationary point of the energy function is exactly equivalent to the power flow solution. However, a general form of exact energy function has been proven to be nonexistent. This letter derives an approximate energy function by intentionally approximating the network transfer conductance and theoretically...

p>Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) systems are widely used for energy management, but their accuracy can be limited by the removal of monitoring equipment after the initial training phase. This removal results in a lack of ongoing training data and impairs the ability to improve recognition accuracy. To address this challenge, this research pro...

Recently, frequency regulation strategies have been widely adopted in the operation and control of doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbines (DFIG-WTs). Thus, wind power, which is becoming an increasingly important energy source, is expected to play a significant role in both power generation and frequency regulation in modern power system...

The variability caused by the proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the significant growth in unbalanced three-phase loads pose unprecedented challenges to distribution network operations. This paper focuses on how a distribution system operator (DSO), taking over the distribution grid and market operations, would develop a risk-...

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy and flexible loads in smart grids, a more complicated power system with high uncertainty is gradually formed, which brings about great challenges to smart grid operations. Traditional optimization methods usually require accurate mathematical models and parameters and cannot deal well with the gro...

The grid-forming converters would integrate battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in islanded microgrids for smoothing out the uncertain fluctuations of renewable energy resources. However, gird-forming converters would pose transient instability risks under large disturbances, which could require fast and accurate stability assessment methods in...

Since multi-energy microgrid (MEMG) can coordinate various resources to operate as a virtual power plant (VPP), it is an important way to maintain the stable and economic operation of the power systems and decrease the impact of intermittence of distributed energy resources (DERs). However, the potential of MEMG as a VPP has not been thoroughly exp...

Global changes in climate conditions and increasing number of weather-related disasters in the world have elevated the quest for better load restorations in power distribution systems. This paper proposes a distribution system restoration (DSR) model where non-exponential time-dependent cold load pickup (CLPU) characteristics and soft open point op...

The variability caused by the proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the significant growth in unbalanced three-phase loads pose unprecedented challenges to distribution network operations. This paper focuses on how a distribution system operator (DSO), taking over the distribution grid and market operations, would develop a risk-...

Autonomous mobility on demand systems (AMoDS) will significantly affect the operation of coupled power distribution-urban transportation networks (PTNs) by the optimal dispatch of electric vehicles (EVs). This paper proposes an uncertainty method to analyze the operational states of PTNs with AMoDS. First, a PTN operation framework is designed cons...

This paper proposes a hybrid data-model driven dynamic frequency trajectory (DFT) prediction method for achieving an accurate perception of low-inertia and weak-damping power systems. First, an improved primary frequency regulation (PFR) model is established for calculating the dominant oscillation mode. Different from the existing PFR models, the...

In 100% renewable energy power systems (REPSs), the frequency deviation is independent of the storage and release of rotor kinetic energy, and the essence of frequency control changes from energy balance to power balance. Thus, conventional LFC schemes are no longer applicable for 100% REPSs. To realize constant frequency operation of 100% REPSs, i...