M. Sezgin

Istanbul Ticaret University · Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Location-dependent data collection is crucial for some subsurface imaging detectors. The positioning information in question can be obtained based on image processing, Radio Frequency (RF), and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). In this study, IMU-based positioning system for Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) sensor has been studied. Ultimate aim is to...

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems are effective sensors for discovering various types of objects buried underground, such as military mines, metal objects, and pieces of underground infrastructures. A GPR system can be manually operated by a human or can be an integral part of a host platform. The host platform may be semi- or fully autonomous...

Buried object identification is an integral part of the humanitarian demining process which enables discarding clutter objects, thereby reducing the overall cost of landmine localisation drastically. In this study, we present a novel buried object identification method for a ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic induction sensor (EMI)-...

The concept of a radar that detects semiconductor and metallic objects by monitoring second and third harmonic reradiations was conceived over 35 years ago. Called harmonic or nonlinear [1], [2], these radars can transmit at one or multiple frequencies and then receive the reflected signals at, or close to, the harmonic frequencies. Recently, harmo...

Millimeter wave absorption relative to background soil can be used for detection landmines with little or no metal content. At these frequencies, soil and landmine absorb electromagnetic energy differently. Stepped frequency measurements from 20 GHz to 60 GHz were used to detect buried surrogate landmines in the soil. The targets were 3 cm and 5 cm...

Detection of landmines based on complex resonance frequencies has been studied in the past and no distinctive results have been reported. Especially for low metal content landmines buried at depths greater than 9 cm, resonant frequencies become fairly distributed in the background and no specific frequency of interest can be used. However, in a typ...

Detection of ammonia plays a vital role for counter-bioterrorism applications. Using millimeter wave absorption measurements, ammonia dissolved in water solution is analyzed and compared to water-only solution. The inversion of ammonia molecule results in split rotational spectral lines and transitions of these lines can be detected. Two-port measu...

A wideband antenna with conductive textile radiators (WACTR) is investigated for a pulsed dual-sensor subsurface detection system, which is composed of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) sensor and an electromagnetic induction (EI) sensor. It is demonstrated that undesired clutter of the EI sensor arising from the metallic mass and conductivity of th...

In this article, a simultaneous buried object detection and imaging method is proposed for time domain ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. Fuzzy weighted background removal is applied to the data through a sliding window and then target energy functions are obtained by means of convolution summations of consecutive A-scan signals in an appropriate...

In this study, we utilize the least squares formulation to solve the real-time buried object detection problem. Least squares estimation is used to estimate the next ground penetrating radar (GPR) signal from previous samples, where there is no underground object. If the measured GPR signal is considerably different than the estimated signal, prese...

In this study, we provide an extensive comparison of different clutter suppression techniques that are proposed to enhance ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. Unlike previous studies, we directly measure and present the effect of these preprocessing algorithms on the detection performance. Basic linear prediction algorithm is selected as the detec...

In this study, we present generation of Strip-map Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images using impulse GPR system, and investigate effects of different soil types on SAR images. The SAR images of buried objects have been interpreted via 2D inverse Fourier transformation. GPR buried target data have been collected from three soil pools having differe...

In this study, a general structure for hand-held multi-sensor mine detection system is proposed. Ideal sensor configuration for multi-sensor mine detection system, requirements of hardware structures, data transfer issues and operational restrictions are discussed. The properties of a sample system designed according to the proposed structure are e...

In this study, we propose a buried object classification approach using ground penetrating radar (GPR), with special emphasis on buried surrogate mines. The processing is carried out on B-scans which are 2D GPR responses. The buried object features are extracted using angular radial transform (ART) as this method is compact, efficient and noise tol...

We present the application of linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimation to GPR data for achieving buried object detection. Without employing any empirical assumptions, nonstationary form of Wiener-Hopf equations is applied to GPR signals to estimate the next sample in normal conditions. A large deviation from this estimation indicates the...

In this work, we contribute to the real-time detection of buried objects, with special emphasis on explosive ones, using the ground penetrating radar (GPR). When the buried objects have explosive substance, the moment of detection becomes vital. Therefore, we start the detection process right after the very first GPR signals begin to return from th...

In the GPR underground inspection problem, received GPR signal is notably dependent on the height of the detector head. A great deal of the former research in this area assumes constant detector height, as absence of this constancy will result in undesired change in the returning signal, which will reduce the success of the detection and identifica...

In this paper a novel detection warning signal creation method is proposed for pulse Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data, especially for small non-metallic targets, in time domain. Background removal is applied to the data through a sliding window scheme and Target Energy Function (TEF) is obtained as correlation summation of consecutive A-scan sig...

The performance of a planar elliptical dipole textile antenna for the multi-sensor (impulse GPR&EMI) subsurface detection system is investigated. This is a new application of textile antenna. The textile material of antenna does not create an EMI clutter comparing solid Cu material. The antenna characteristics of the proposed antenna in the multi-s...

Performance of electromagnetic sensors which are used to detect buried objects, is varied according to properties of soil. Most common sensor pair is EMI (Electromagnetic Induction) and GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) for buried object detection systems. Besides the surface roughness and overlying vegetation, electrical conductivity (σ, (S/m)), elec...

In this study, a template matching approach to buried object discrimination problem is proposed over ground penetrating radar (GPR) B-scan images. The technique is scale invariant, which compensates for the change in the swinging speed of the detector. It is also rotation invariant to some extent, which reduces the number of templates to be used by...

For the investigation of many geometrical features of soils, computer-assisted image analysis has become a method of choice over the last few decades. This analysis involves numerous steps, regarding which subjective decisions have to be made by the individuals conducting the research. This is particularly the case with the thresholding step, requi...

In the underground inspection problem, signature of a big target at a certain depth may give equivalent information to the signature of a smaller target at shallower depth, unless depth information is not used. This results in a difficulty in the identification process. Therefore, depth information is coming into prominence in the classification st...

In this paper hand-held dual sensor detector development requirements are considered dedicated to buried object detection. Design characteristics of such a system are categorized and listed. Hardware and software structures, ergonomics, user interface, environmental and EMC/EMI tests to be applied and performance test issues are studied. Main prope...

In this letter, an enhanced planar elliptical dipole antenna design for ultrawideband (UWB) communication and impulse radar systems is presented. The printed-circuit-elliptical (PCE) antenna has been investigated to be an effective radiator for UWB applications. To enhance gain and return loss bandwidth of the antenna, elliptical slots are used on...

In this study, identification of the different metallic objects with various burial depths was considered. Metal Detector (MD) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) were used to obtain metallic content and dielectric characteristic of the buried objects. Discriminative features were determined and calculated for data set. Six features were selected fo...

In this study discrimination of two different metallic object classes were studied, utilizing Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). Feature sets of both classes have almost the same information for both Metal Detector (MD) and GPR data. There were no evident features those are easily discriminate classes. Background removal has been applied to original B...

Portable Mine Detection System, developed for the detection of landmines, is a system consisting of electromagnetic induction sensor, ground penetrating radar and flexible air suction channel for the vapour sensor. The system includes two main parts which are back unit and hand unit and it is controlled with the help of push-buttons and LCD screen....

This paper proposes the planar and 3-dimensional ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna types suitable for hand-held and vehicle mounted impulse GPR systems. On this scope, bow-tie, spiral, TEM horn, dielectric-loaded Vivaldi, multi-sensor adaptive and array model antenna configurations are designed, simulated and measured. The numerical and experimental re...

Electromagnetic induction sensor (EMI -metal detector) has wide application areas for buried metallic object searching, such as detection of buried lines, pipes, mine and mine like-targets, etc. In this paper, identification of buried metallic objects was studied. The distinctive features of the signals in the data set were obtained, then the neura...

In this study buried object detection on the GPR data is examined using CA-CFAR detector. In the first part of the study the background signals of B-scan frames from a pulse GPR are statistically inspected. The results revealed that the background signals residual from a removing process of the dominant GPR signals due to air-to-ground interface ha...

Electromagnetic Induction sensor (Metal Detector) has wide application areas for buried metallic object searching, such as detection of buried pipes, mine and mine like-targets, etc. In this paper, identification of buried metallic objects was studied. The distinctive features of the signal were obtained, than classification process was performed....

In this paper, the planar and 3-D compact size UWB antenna types are investigated for EMI sensor adaptative hand-held impulse GPR system. On this scope, the bow tie, TEM horn and Vivaldi antenna models are designed and implemented. The Partial Dielectric-loaded Vivaldi Antenna (PDVA) structure, which maintains UWB antenna characteristics over a ban...

In this paper, we studied the effects of the preprocessing techniques over buried object detection performance. We examined different preprocessing techniques applied before the detection algorithm proposed by Sezgin [1]. It is obtained that used preprocessing techniques decreases false alarm rates in real environment. We used different size of obj...

In this work the detection process of buried objects is presented utilizing Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). Background removal algorithm is used to obtain the target signature and correlation process is performed to reveal the reflected target energy Then, a detection warning signal is created depending on a special process. In this work, pulsed GP...

We conduct an exhaustive survey of image thresholding methods, categorize them, express their formulas under a uniform notation, and finally carry their performance comparison. The thresholding methods are categorized according to the information they are exploiting, such as histogram shape, measurement space clustering, entropy, object attributes,...

We conduct an exhaustive survey of image thresholding methods, categorize them, express their formulas under a uniform notation, and finally carry their performance comparison. The thresholding methods are categorized according to the information they are exploiting, such as histogram shape, measurement space clustering, entropy, object attributes,...

We conduct an exhaustive survey of image thresholding methods, categorize them, express their formulas under a uniform notation, and finally carry their performance comparison. The thresholding methods are categorized according to the information they are exploiting, such as histogram shape, measurement space clustering, entropy, object attributes,...

Abstract. We conduct an exhaustive survey of image thresholding methods, categorize them, express their formulas under a uniform notation, and finally carry their performance comparison. The thresholding methods are categorized according to the information they are exploiting, such as histogram shape, measurement space clustering, entropy, object a...

The process of detecting buried objects using ground penetrating radar (GPR) is presented. Background removal, filtering and correlation within a window are used to reveal the target's reflected energy. When a considerable increase in the reflected energy is observed, a detection warning signal is created, depending on a parameter explained in the...

A new multilevel thresholding method is proposed using sample moment function (SMF). For the binary case the method can make use of the a priori information on whether the target object is found on the darker or lighter part of the scene. Extensive comparisons using a database of NDT images show that the proposed method outperforms in competition 4...

In nondestructive testing (NDT) applications based on image analysis, image segmentation is the most important step in the extraction of defective regions of materials. An effective and very simple method of image segmentation, especially in NDT applications, is image thresholding. In an effort to present a quantitative evaluation of image threshol...

In this paper, a new dichotomization technique is proposed for multilevel thresholding. The proposed method is based on selection of the consistent peak location of the correlation function as threshold value over the interested histogram region. Different dichotomization processes are also adapted to the multilevel thresholding proposed by Yen et...

In this paper a novel multilevel thresholding method is proposed based on selecting the consistent peak of correlation function over the interested histogram region. The histogram is separated into two more regions up to the cost function is reached minimum. In the separation process of the histogram, a novel dichotomisation method is used. In gene...

Artificial neural networks based image segmentation methods have gained more acceptance over other methods because of their distributed architectures allowing real-time implementation. Another important advantage of the neural networks is that their robustness structures to the unexpected behavior of input image such as noise. On the other hand, th...

Motion detection and tracking are useful in computer vision. This work represents a comparison of several methods for target tracking in noisy environments using motion-energy and template location based approaches. In order to remove the registration noise, a morphological filter has been adopted. Since the scale and rotation of the target change,...

This paper addresses the task of automating the visual inspection of printed circuit board with through hole technique, and surface mount devices (SMD). We have focused on the following quality control of the mounted component using either technology: component twist, or pin defects. A comparison of binarization techniques as well as twist angle es...

This paper describes the development of a transputer based system for interpolating 2D images using a modified cubic interpolation technique. The technique devised decomposes a standard cubic interpolation into a set of two more cheap bilinear interpolations using the two windows surrounding any pixel in the interpolated image. The two bilinear int...