M. G. Quibria

Morgan State University · Department of Economics

“A must read for anyone interested in understanding complexities of development process.” –Fakhruddin Ahmed, former Governor of the Central Bank of Bangladesh “Policy makers and general readers including specialists would find this lucid analysis very useful.” – Nurul Islam, Deputy Chairman of the First Planning commission of Bangladesh “The auth...

This chapter examines whether foreign aid, together with other economic, social and environmental factors, contributes to sustainable development. It starts with an illustrative theoretical growth model where foreign aid promotes sustainable development by protecting the environment. Using factor analysis and newly developed estimation methods for...

Existing governance indicators spotlight in the governance of developing countries, but are fraught with a whole host of statistical and measurement issues, including validity, reliability and precision. Indicators are often strung together without any a priori theoretical basis so that the meaning, interpretation and robustness of these indices ar...

This paper explores the relationship between microcredit and poverty reduction. To investigate this question, we posit a bare-bone, household model that outlines the economic environment within which various types of family- microenterprises operate. It highlights a number of issues that impinge on household earnings such as the nature of the labor...

This paper examines whether foreign aid, together with other economic, social and environmental factors, contributes to sustainable development. It starts with an illustrative theoretical growth model where foreign aid promotes sustainable development by protecting the environment. Using factor analysis and newly developed estimation methods for a...

This paper provides a critical review of the governance literature.

This paper provides a critical review of the governance literature.

This paper provides a critical review of aid effectiveness in Bangladesh. Focusing on the contributions of major donors, the paper uses a qualitative triangulation approach to assessing aid effectiveness, based on the subjective judgments of donors and recipients. This approach was motivated by the deficiencies of the currently available quantitati...

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This expository note provides a critical review of the burgeoning literature on social capital and highlights a number of conceptual and empirical issues. First, the concept of social capital remains largely elusive, with many different ideas attached to it. This elusiveness has serious ramifications for empirical and policy analysis. Second, while...

The paper sets out a simple growth model that assumes imperfect substitutability between immigrants and native workers and posits technological progress as a necessary by-product of the migration process. The paper explores a much-neglected topic of the long-run impact of immigration on a growing economy. The paper shows that, while the short-run i...

This paper provides a critical review of aid effectiveness in Bangladesh . It focuses on the contributions of three major, high-profile donors: the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), and the Government of Japan (GOJ). In assessing aid effectiveness, the paper uses a qualitative triangulation approach based on the subjective judgments of...

This paper starts with a review of the literature on ‘neoclassical’political economy and then goes on to apply this perspective to the issue of trade liberalization. In this connection, the paper critically discusses various political economy models which have been advanced to explain patterns of trade policies in both developed and developing coun...

The international community is committed to millennium development goals which postulate a vision of global development that makes eliminating poverty and sustaining development the overriding objective of global development efforts. In the hierarchy of the MDGs, the first and foremost goal is to reduce by half, between 1990–2015, the proportion of...

This paper seeks to explore the relationship between economic growth and governance performance in Asian developing economies. This exploration yields some interesting conclusions. First, notwithstanding its tremendous economic achievements, the state of governance in Asia is not stellar by international comparison. Indeed, the majority of these co...

This paper takes a fresh look, from a macro perspective, at the issue of aid effectiveness. An important point of departure for this study is that it adopts poverty reduction, as contrasted from economic growth, as the metric for measuring aid effectiveness. In conducting the empirical investigation, the paper experiments with a number of different...

This article reviews some recent research on aid effectiveness. An important finding of this research is that foreign aid has been much more effective than is generally presumed. It also suggests that the current aid allocation policy of development agencies, based on selectivity, has a fragile empirical foundation and discriminates against capacit...

The international community is committed to millennium development goals which postulate a vision of global development that makes eliminating poverty and sustaining development the overriding objective of global development efforts. In the hierarchy of the MDGs, the first and foremost goal is to reduce by half, between 1990–2015, the proportion...

Nous utilisons une base de données transversales de récente construction pour examiner s'il existe des variations régionales et sectorielles dans la relation entre la pauvreté et la croissance économique. Nous trouvons que la relation entre pauvreté et croissance est plus forte en Asie occidentale et que cette relation dépend surtout de la croissan...

This paper explores the empirical relationship between poverty and economic freedom. In doing so, it estimates the levels of absolute poverty for a panel of over forty developing countries and then utilizes fixed effects and GMM-IV estimators to derive the empirical relationships. The principal empirical results that emerge from this exercise indic...

This essay explores the relationship between political regime and critical economic outcomes such as economic growth and poverty reduction. The organization of the paper is as follows. Section 2 makes a brief review of the economic performance of developing Asian economies over the last four decades. As these economies have varied significantly in...

This paper estimates the risk preferences of cotton farmers in Southern Peru, using the results from a multiple-price-list lottery game. Assuming that preferences conform to two of the leading models of decision under risk--Expected Utility Theory (EUT) and Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT)--we find strong evidence of moderate risk aversion. Once we...

Access to the new information and communication technologies (ICT) remains extremely unequally distributed across and within societies. While there have been a good deal of popular discussions about this “digital divide”, not much is known about the quantitative significance of its various determinants. By undertaking a set of cross-country regress...

The paper explores, under a wide variety of circumstances, the welfare impact of emigration. The analytical framework posited is a simple two-factor, two-commodity, two-class general equilibrium model that makes a distinction between traded and non-traded goods. The principal aim is to collect and synthesize the well-known results in the literature...

The paper addresses the question of how the new information and communication technologies (ICTs) can potentially help reduce poverty in developing countries. Starting with the definition and types of ICTs, the paper discusses a number of instances where various ICTs have been fruitfully applied to improve the welfare of rural people in a number of...

We use a recently constructed cross-country data set on absolute poverty to examine whether there is regional and sectoral variation in the relationship between poverty and economic growth. We find that the poverty-growth linkage is strongest in East Asia and that this linkage is essentially driven by growth in the industrial sector. By contrast, i...

This paper provides an extensive review of growth, inequality and poverty reduction in the East Asian miracle economies. This review suggests that the basic impetus for poverty reduction was robust economic growth, which was fostered by a conducive policy and institutional framework. This framework - which helped to create a 'level playing field' -...

Governance indicators are now widely used as tools for conducting development dialogue, allocating external assistance and influencing foreign direct investment. This paper argues that available governance indicators are not suitable for these purposes as they do not conceptualize governance and fail to capture how citizens perceive the governance...

In the wake of the Mexican financial crisis in 1994–95, policy-makers began to realize that global financial institutions and rules have not kept pace with the speed of integration in international capital markets. Although it had evolved over the years, the existing Bretton Woods architecture had originally been designed for a world where capital...

This chapter begins with the dimensions of the poverty problem in developing countries, and then deals with conceptual and measurement issues. It next discusses the nature, characteristics and correlates of rural and urban poverty. It looks into the issue of gender and poverty, then turns to the relationship between poverty and population growth. I...

Incl. app., bibliographical notes and references, index, list of abbreviations, list of contributors

Rapid growth in a number of East Asian economies over the last three decades has been facilitated by an effective strategy of human resource development. The principal element of this strategy has been to provide basic education and health to a wider segment of society. This strategy helped these countries achieve rapid growth through labor-intensi...

The author discusses "the nature and magnitude of labour flows across Asian countries as well as their likely changes in the future. Section 3 addresses the implications of labour market integration for economic efficiency long-term growth and unemployment. Section 4 discusses why despite its putative beneficial economic effects labour movement is...

Incl. tables, abstract, bibl. Rapid growth in a number of East Asian economies over the last three decades has been facilitated by an effective strategy of human resource development. The principal element of this strategy has been to provide basic education and health to a wider segment of society. This strategy helped these countries achieve rapi...

The Asian Development Bank has undertaken a multicountry study, funded by its regional technical assistance program in two phases: the first focusing on a regionwide analysis and the second on an in-depth examination of possible country-specific strategies for ten ADCs. This paper provides a summary of the results emerging from the first phase of t...

Recent years saw the outpouring of a theoretical and empirical literature, exploring the nexus between gender and poverty in developing countries. This paper, which provides a critical review of the literature, examines the conceptual basis for a gender-focused approach to poverty alleviation; reviews the relevant empirical studies and data, drawn...

1. Publ Bibliogr. na konci kapitol

"The present paper makes an exploratory attempt to investigate the impact of emigration on real wages in the presence of increasing returns to scale in production. The problem has been posed in the context of a 2 x 2 model of international trade, where one of the commodities is a non-traded good and is subject to a type of increasing returns to sca...

After a brief historical review of studies in poverty, examines some key conceptual issues in defining poverty. It then defines and focuses on selected poverty measures and discusses the characteristics of the poor. Lastly, it makes some concluding remarks; some of which refer to policy issues as they relate to conceptual and measurement problems,...

In defining optimum population, economists have used two distinct concepts of the social welfare function: the Millian and the Benthamite. Although analytically the issue of the welfare impact of international migration is closely related to the concept of optimum population, the migration analysis has been based almost exclusively on the Benthamit...

This paper provides an alternative explanation of some important stylized facts of development, including the phenomenon of international differences in service prices, in terms of differences in factor endowments between countries. In so doing, this paper advances a general equilibrium model of a small, open economy, which features non-traded good...

A main objective is to review some important economic issues in trade in services, especially in relation to the Asian developing economies. The paper first defines the concept of services, in addition to setting the stage for discussion on trade liberalization in services, this conceptual exploration helps to determine whether services warrant a d...

"Recent research has shown that while labor emigration increases the nominal wage rate, the impact on the real wage rate remains quite ambiguous. The present paper reexamines the issue under the standard two-factor, two-commodity international trade model normally employed for this purpose. The principal finding of this paper is that once the probl...

PIP The authors examine the impact of international labor migration on wages in country of origin. Two types of emigration are distinguished: bundled emigration, which can result in a reduction of real wages; and pure labor emigration, which results in an increase in real wages.

The author critically examines an article by Kar-Yui Wong concerning "two important, well-known propositions on international factor movements--namely, first, finite international factor movements are beneficial to the nationals of the destination-country but detrimental to those who are left behind in the source-country; and second, marginal movem...

"This note extends the work of Rivera-Batiz to the case where capital is collectively owned and the decision to emigrate entails both a withdrawal of labor services from the source-country and the surrender of the ownership of capital. In this framework, which seems to have wide real-world relevance for socialist, labor-managed and peasant economie...

tends to be very sticky, a feature which renders some of the standard policies for reducing urban unemployment (or underemployment) totally ineffective. In particular, it is observed that in the Calvo model, a first-best optimum cannot be obtained without the imposition of some migration barriers. In this note, we attempt to generalize the Calvo mo...

With the help of a simple two-country version of the Solow steady-state model, the present note shows that even without the presence of any visible market distortion, free mobility of capital is not necessarily beneficial for the capital-importing country. Under a set of very plausible and empirically relevant assumptions about savings behavior, th...

The sharp increase in the price of oil in 1973 led to a massive accumulation of revenues by the oil-producing countries in the Middle East and the emergence of that region as a “growth pole” within the developing world. The large-scale investment programs, especially in infrastructure, on which these countries embarked required a labor force which...

The geographically pervasive and historically tenacious institution of sharecropping has always been a fruitful source of great economic controversies. While the earlier writings were almost universal in their disapproval of sharecropping (and seemed to ascribe little or no rationale for the persistence of it), an important characteristic of recent...

This is critique of an article by Taufiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury (1981) in another issue of this journal, which attempts to theoretically test the argument that poorer parents have larger families as insurance against the future's uncertainties. The author contends that Chowdhury's results are either flawed or misleading. Chowdhury's 2 period, 1 commodit...

This paper seeks to provide an analytical defence of the basic needs approach to planning by invoking arguments derived from optimal-savings models. It shows that the ‘optimal’ provisions of basic needs, far from reducing growth, can have a salutory effect on it.

The paper argues that appropriate domestic policies — more particularly, the real wage policy that is stressed here — can reduce the extent of foreign dependence of a country. It shows that foreign aid sufficient to achieve a given level of per capita domestic income is positively related to the real wages in an LDC with unemployment. The paper als...

In a recent article A. Y. C. Koo [1973] sought to advance a “more general theory of land tenancy” and draw implications for land reform. While his contention that different models of share-tenancy (with conflicting efficiency properties) have different implications for land reform is correct, unfortunately, his mathematical analysis of oligopoly la...

The paper addresses the question of how the new information and communication technologies (ICTs) can potentially help reduce poverty in developing countries. Starting with the definition and types of ICTs, the paper discusses a number of instances where various ICTs have been fruitfully applied to improve the welfare of rural people in a number of...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Princeton University, 1978. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-215). Photocoy.

Economic development is accompanied by structural change. The trade theoretic literature offers two major hypotheses – i. e., the factor-endowment and the total-factor-productivity-- for explaining the stylized facts of structural change. This note revisits these hypotheses. In particular, it explores, with the help of a simple geometric apparatus,...