M. Picard

National Research Council Canada | NRC · Information and Communications Technologies

One of the challenges in high-precision manufacturing is constant inspection as well as efficient communication of the inspection results to the workers. In this context, we are presenting a multi-modal 3D imaging system designed for computer-assisted assembly manufacturing using augmented reality. The three-dimensional measurement subsystem is a s...

This paper presents two structured-light 3D imaging systems that use a quasi-analogue projection subsystem based on a combination of digital micromirror device (DMD), optics, digital processing and calibration procedure. The first system is a high-resolution prototype that acquires 12M 3D point per frame; the second one is a high-speed prototype th...

This paper presents an industrial augmented reality system that simultaneously measures a component, identifies possible defects and displays the inspection result directly on the component. The processing is done in real time using a single DMD-based projector for both the inspection and augmented reality. The use of a single DMD eliminates the is...

Range sensors have drawn much interest for human activity related research since they provide explicit 3D information about the shape that is invariant to clothing, skin color and illumination changes. However, triangulation-based systems like structured-light sensors generate occlusions in the image when parts of the scene cannot be seen by both t...

This paper addresses the problem of human body parts segmentation in range images acquired using a structured-light imaging system. We propose a solution based on a fully convolutional neural network trained on realistic synthetic data that were simulated in a way that closely emulates our structured-light imaging system with its inherent artifacts...

This paper addresses the problem of human body parts seg-mentation in range images acquired using a structured-light imaging system. We propose a solution based on a fully convolutional neural network trained on realistic synthetic data that were simulated in a way that closely emulates our structured-light imaging system with its inherent artifact...

This paper addresses the problem of human body parts seg- mentation in range images acquired using a structured-light imaging sys- tem. We propose a solution based on a fully convolutional neural net- work trained on realistic synthetic data that were simulated in a way that closely emulates our structured-light imaging system with its in- herent a...

A model to predict and characterize the impact of out-of-focus blurring on the range uncertainty associated with the measurement by a phase-shift 3D scanner is presented. First, the reduction of the sine wave magnitude introduced by the projector lenses and the camera lenses is considered. Then, the noise reduction effects related to the camera ima...

One of the biggest challenges of silicon photonics is the efficient coupling of light between the sub-micron SiP waveguides and a standard optical fiber (SMF-28). We recently proposed a novel approach based on a spot-size converter (SSC) that fulfills this need. The SSC integrates a tapered silicon waveguide and a superimposed structure made of a p...

Coupling of light to and from integrated optical circuits has been recognized as a major practical challenge since the early years of photonics. The coupling is particularly difficult for high index contrast waveguides such as silicon-on-insulator, since the cross-sectional area of silicon wire waveguides is more than two orders of magnitude smalle...

A polarization rotator assembly for rotating a polarization mode of an electromagnetic signal is provided. The polarization rotator assembly has a waveguiding structure of co-extensive first and second layers defining, successively, an input portion, a subwavelength composite portion and a polarization rotating portion. The subwavelength composite...

The Atacama Large Millimeter Array is a radio telescope array of 66 antennas designed for high performance scientific imaging, covering a frequency range of 27–950 GHz. Each antenna has a front end with ten receiving bands, and each band has a local oscillator which is synchronized between all antennas. We describe a high precision tunable millimet...

Bragg gratings containing a central π phase shift or used in a Fabry-Perot configuration are found to provide ultra-narrow spectral features. Transmission notches having a full width at half maximum as small as 530 MHz (4.3 pm) are reported.

Lateral resolution is a particularly challenging concept to quantify in triangulation-based three-dimensional (3-D) imaging systems. We present these challenges, then describe an artifact-based methodology for evaluating the lateral resolution of a triangulation-based 3-D imaging system that uses laser spots or laser lines. In particular, the respo...

The white frequency noise of a C-band tunable laser is suppressed significantly by optical filtering with a multi-channel ultra-narrowband fiber Bragg grating. This noise suppression is shown to improve the performance of 5-Gbaud PDM-64QAM by 1.7 dB.

Fiber Bragg gratings having a central π-shift and providing transmission notches as narrow as 9 MHz are reported. A central grating-free region is proposed to decrease the sensitivity of these resonant filters to optical power.

We present experimental results with uncertainty analysis method for a proposed distance measurement protocol for mid-range terrestrial laser scanners (TLS). Three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems evaluation is performed in the environmentally controlled laboratory at NRC-IIT with the use of specially designed reference test object (RTO), test proc...

Systems and methods for generating and optimizing 3D models of objects. A laser scanner is controlled by a data processing subsystem that controls the scanning and processes the data generated. From an initial model, either a raster scan of the object or an initial scan, the system scans the object multiple times, each time adjusting the laser scan...

This paper describes an environment to automatically or semi-automatically compute the precise mapping between a set of 2D images and a triangulated 3D model built from high-resolution 3D range data. This environment is part of our Atelier3D framework for the modeling, visualization and analysis of large sensor-based datasets. This work was done to...

One of the major masterpieces of international Gothic art (1350-1450) is located in the Aquila tower in Buonconsiglio castle, Trento, Italy. The main room in the tower is completely frescoed with the Cycle of the Months, a rare example of medieval painting on a nonreligious subject. The frescos depict medieval time month by month with stunning deta...

The performance of 3D Imaging Systems needs to be evaluated using a common terminology and test procedures. This evaluation is necessary because three-dimensional imaging systems are measuring instruments and the spatial coordinates they provide are only estimates of the 3D surfaces being sampled. These coordinates need to be completed by a quantit...

The warped poplar panel and the technique developed by Leonardo to paint the Mona Lisa present a unique research and engineering challenge for the design of a complete optical 3D imaging system. This paper discusses the solution developed to precisely measure in 3D the world most famous painting despite its highly contrasted paint surface and refle...

In this contribution, we report on the image-based modeling (IBM) results of the Erechtheion monument, located inside the Acropolis of Athens, Greece. The work is part of the project "Development of Geographic Information Systems at the Acropolis of Athens". An aim of the project is the 3D documentation of the whole Acropolis, one of the major arch...

We present the procedure and technologies used to modelling of the Erechtheion at the Acropolis in Athens, a large complex structure with many challenges to data acquisition, processing, and visualisation. We used two scanners, one for medium range highresolution coverage (1-5 mm lateral data spacing) and one long-range scanner to capture some top...

During the autumn of 2004, a team of 3D imaging scientists from the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) was invited to Paris to undertake the 3D scanning of Leonardo's most famous painting. The objective of this project was to 3D scan the Mona Lisa – obverse and reverse – in order to provide high-resolution 3D image data of the complete paint...

We present an approach to laser range scanning in which quality metrics are used to automatically reduce the number of measurements acquired from a scanner viewpoint. As part of this approach we present improved versions of the orientation, and reflectivity quality metrics, as well as introduce three quality metrics: spot size, re solvability, and...

This paper summarizes the causes of uncertainty in 3D data measurement, some basic theory of 3D imaging that explains the origin of some of these causes, and, describes the properties and performances of a 100 square meter facility to perform research in traceable 3D imaging metrology. Built in 2006, the laboratory space allows accurate measurement...

During the autumn of 2004, a team of 3D imaging scientists from the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) was invited to Paris to undertake the 3D scanning of Leonardo's most famous painting. The objective of this project was to scan the Mona Lisa – obverse and reverse – in order to provide high-resolution 3D image data of the complete painting...

La Grotta dei Cervi di Porto Badisco (Otranto - LE) è uno dei siti archeologici più significativi del territorio salentino per la presenza di uno straordinario repertorio di pittogrammi di epoca neolitica e di altre evidenze archeologiche che attestano una lunga frequentazione della grotta dal paleolitico superiore all'età dei metalli. Luogo di cul...

A �-phase shifted Bragg grating is used as a frequency discriminator to reduce the frequency and phase noise of a semiconductor laser, and therefore its linewidth, using an electrical feedback loop on its injection current. The spectral notch at the center of the reflection peak of the grating was found to be 15 MHz FHWM, allowing for a laser linew...

This paper summarizes our initial work in evaluating 3D imaging systems at our state of the art newly constructed and equipped metrology laboratory. Completed in 2006, the laboratory space allows accurate measurements of 3D data from devices operating at standoff distances from a few centimeters up to 10 meters. A laminar flow of 20°C air at 50% hu...

From the real image to the virtual image p. 94 Examination of the Mona Lisa by high resolution 3D imaging p. 96

We present a technique to lithographically define and fabricate all required optical facets on a silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuit by an inductively coupled plasma etch process. This technique offers 1 μm positioning accuracy of the facets at any location within the chip and eliminates the need of polishing. Facet fabrication consis...

The Grotta dei Cervi is a complex and fragile Neolithic cave where human presence left a large number of unique pictographs and petroglyphs. Detailed documentation necessitates recording it at different levels of details or spatial resolutions. A general approach would entail a combination of 3D data from different 3D sensors and information from d...

This paper presents the work that was accomplished in preparing multimedia products for cultural heritage interpretation and entertainment. Data fusion techniques were applied to three cases: the remains of Temple C of Selinunte, Sicily, the Byzantine Crypt of Santa Cristina, Apulia and a bronze sculpture from the 6th century BC found in Ugento, Ap...

This paper looks at the opportunities and challenges created by new 3D technologies introduced recently in the context of virtual reconstruction of cultural heritage sites for preservation and entertainment. A number of projects carried out by the authors in the last four years support the conclusions made in this paper. The projects presented incl...

A study of a ring resonator in a Sagnac loop is presented. The results of a theoretical analysis based on Jones calculus are confirmed by experiments. Comparison of a ring resonator in a Sagnac loop with a ring only is performed, and the advantages of our scheme are pointed out. The scheme can be used to increase the measurement sensitivity to smal...

The National Research Council of Canada (NRC) has developed a range of 3D imaging technology tools, which have been applied to a wide range of museum and heritage recording applications. The technology suite includes the development of high-resolution laser scanner systems as well as software for the preparation of accurate 3D models and for the di...

We review the use of the oxide cladding stress induced photoelastic effect to eliminate the modal birefringence in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) ridge waveguide components, and highlight characteristics particular to high index contrast (HIC) systems. The birefringence in planar waveguides has its origin in the electromagnetic boundary conditions at t...

We present recent advances in the development of a waveguide microspectrometer chip with high spectral resolution in the near-infrared part of the spectrum. The microspectrometer is designed for a high index contrast silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, where high number of spectral channels can be obtained with high spectral resolution in a compac...

This paper presents the usefulness and utility of three complementary digitisation techniques for the dynamic rendering of colour, roughness and shape of easel paintings. The 2D multi-spectral digitisation and the 3D modelling of paintings are used for colour accuracy rendering and measurement, colour characterisation, pigment identification, for h...

A novel type of waveguides utilizing simultaneously Bragg reflection and TIR (total internal reflection) for light confinement is proposed and studied. The BRAGGATIR waveguides combine the advantages of Bragg waveguides and lateral ARROWs (antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides) -- namely, large core sizes allowing easy and low loss fiber coupl...

The current trend towards integrating CMOS circuitry and photonic devices on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers into monolithic optoelectronic circuits requires modification of the traditional rib waveguide to provide a planar surface. One possible modification involves creating a trench on either side of the rib and then filling this trench with a...

This work presents a new acquisition method for 3D laser scanners that combines imaging, fast geometrical object tracking, and automatic pose estimation to register range profiles of freely moving objects. The method was developed to solve the constraint of rigidity between free-moving objects and a 3D scanner while preserving the accuracy of the r...

We show that stress engineering can be used to adjust the SOI waveguide birefringence to the stringent polarization tolerances expected of commercial devices, using only standard silicon processes. With decreasing device dimensions and high index contrast the waveguide birefringence becomes increasingly sensitive to device geometry. As a result, it...

We show that stress engineering can be used to adjust the SOI waveguide birefringence to the stringent polarization tolerances expected of commercial devices, using only standard silicon processes. With decreasing device dimensions and high index contrast the waveguide birefringence becomes increasingly sensitive to device geometry. As a result, it...

Many cultural heritage applications require 3D reconstruction of real-world objects and scenes. Over the past few years, it has become increasingly common to use 3D digitization and modeling for this purpose. This is mainly due to advances in laser-scanning techniques, 3D modeling software, image-based modeling techniques, computer power, and virtu...

Selecting the most effective technique for modeling large-scale heritage sites is not always obvious. This article discusses each technique and points out advantages and disadvantages. The article presents the authors' own approach, which is an integration of several technologies and is based on the experience they gained over more than a decade fo...

A technique to digitally document and thereby permanently preserve prehistoric rock art has been developed. Laser scanning and texture mapping from digital images were used. Methods involving texture mapping require the exact relationships between the image and geometrical sensors. For geological structures, such as caves, the distinctive features...

This paper presents a summary of the 3-D modelling work that was accomplished in preparing multimedia products for cultural heritage interpretation and entertainment. The two cases presented are the Byzantine Crypt of Santa Cristina, Apulia and temple C of Selinunte, Sicily. The core of the approach is based upon high-resolution photo-realistic tex...

A technique to digitally document and thereby permanently preserve prehistoric rock art has been developed. Laser scanning and texture mapping from digital images were used. Methods involving texture mapping require the exact relationships between the image and geometrical sensors. For geological structures, such as caves, the distinctive features...

The National Research Council of Canada (NRC) has collaborated with numerous Canadian and international heritage institutions on the development of a complete suite of 3D imaging technologies for archival quality imaging, analysis and display of 3D models of museum objects and heritage sites including ancient crypt and grottos. The technology inclu...

This paper presents a summary of the 3D modeling work that was accomplished in preparing multimedia products for cultural heritage interpretation and entertainment. The three cases presented are the Byzantine Crypt of Santa Cristina, Apulia, temple C of Selinunte, Sicily, and a bronze sculpture from the 6(th) century BC found in Ugento, Apulia. The...

Over the past few years, a remarkable increase has occurred in the demand for 3D models for cultural heritage applications. The techniques employed have evolved from surveying and CAD tools and/or traditional photogrammetry into laser scanning and more automated image-based techniques. However, selecting the most effective technique for a given pro...

We describe a recursive multiresolution algorithm that reconstructs high-resolution and high-accuracy 3D images from low-resolution sparse range images or profiles. The method starts by creating a rough, partial, and potentially distorted estimate of the model of the object from an initial subset of sparse range data; then, using ICP algorithms, it...

3D modelling of heritage monuments has increased significantly due to advances in laser scanners, 3D modelling software and computers. The main approaches today are interactive and automatic photogrammetry, terrestrial laser ranging and image rendering. The authors discuss each approach, pointing out its advantages and disadvantages. They then pres...

This paper presents the work that was accomplished in preparing a multimedia CDROM about the history of a Byzantine Crypt. An effective approach based upon high-resolution photo-realistic texture mapping onto 3D models generated from range images is used to present the spatial information about the Crypt. Usually, this information is presented on 2...

We address the main issues in real-time visualization and interactive manipulation of highly textured sur- faces. For applications such as cultural heritage, achieving this will give a vista to scientists, conserva- tionists, historians, and visitors for looking at and studying important frescoed surfaces in virtual reality. Since photo-realism is...

This paper presents the 3D modelling work that was accomplished in preparing a multimedia CDROM about the history of a Byzantine Crypt. An effective approach based upon high-resolution photo-realistic texture mapping onto 3D models generated from range images is used to present the spatial information about the Crypt. Usually, this information is p...

The Canadian Museum of Civilization and the National Research Council of Canada collaborated on the production of Inuit 3D, one of six inaugural Virtual Museum of Canada exhibitions launched in April 2001. Inuit 3D is an interactive exhibition in which visitors navigate through three exhibition halls and interactively examine twelve 3D models of ob...

High-resolution 3D imaging and modeling is an important application in the heritage field. We describe several demonstration projects conducted in collaboration with museums and conservation agencies

The Neptec Design Group has developed a Laser Camera System (LCS) that can operate as a 3D imaging scanner. The LCS uses an auto-synchronized triangulation scheme to measure range information while two orthogonal scanning mirrors sweep through the field-of-view. The LCS simultaneously records intensity of the reflected laser beam and range informat...

Advances in the 3D sensing of dynamics and unstructured environments require the development of intelligent systems, algorithms, and methods to replace or at least minimize the human intervention to the 3D acquisition process. From the user point of view, most existing 3D acquisition systems still require static techniques that can be considered ar...

In recent years, high-resolution recording of heritage sites has stimulated a lot of research in fields like photogrammetry, computer vision, and computer graphics. Numerous algorithms and methodologies have been proposed in the literature for heritage recording from photogrammetry and laser scanner 3D data. In practice, what a 3D photographer need...

In recent years, high-resolution recording of heritage sites has stimulated a lot of research in fields like photogrammetry, computer vision, and computer graphics. Numerous algorithms and methodologies have been proposed in the literature. In practice, what a 3D photographer needs is a commercially available solution to this so-called as-built doc...

The use of 3D digitization and modeling in documenting heritage sites has increased significantly over the past few years. This is mainly due to advances in laser scanning techniques, 3D modeling software, image-based-modeling techniques, computer power, and virtual reality. There are many approaches currently available. The most common remains bas...

This work is part of the project "Development of Geographic Information Systems at the Acropolis of Athens". Within this project one of the aims is the generation of a textured, high-resolution, accurate D model of the Erechtheion and a realistic computer animation. For most parts, we used a medium-range time-of-flight (TOF) phase-based laser scann...