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Introduction
M. Frieß currently works at the Department of Ceramic Composites Structures, German Aerospace Center (DLR). M. does research in Polymer Chemistry, Materials Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry. Their most recent publication is 'Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Damage Tolerant SiC/SiCN Ceramic Matrix Composites Manufactured Via PIP Process: Ceramic Transactions'.
Current institution
Additional affiliations
July 1990 - December 1995
Max Planck Insitute for Metals Research
Position
- Researcher
November 1994 - December 1995
Daimler-Benz Aerospace Dornier
Position
- Researcher
January 1996 - present
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Structures and Design
Position
- Senior Researcher
Education
July 1991 - December 1994
September 1987 - July 1988
October 1984 - June 1991
Publications
Publications (181)
In the field of hypersonic systems and their missions, the occurring flows impose extreme mechanical and thermal loads on the materials used. At the German Aerospace Center (DLR), extensive research is conducted in this area, ranging from design and specification to the development of suitable materials concluding with the proof of concept under re...
Increasing the efficiency of jet engines is essential to meet the demanded climate targets. Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) are strong candidates for aircraft applications because they withstand high temperatures, while their density is two-thirds lower than that of conventional nickel-based alloys. This leads to cooling air savings and a lower ove...
Increasing the efficiency of jet engines is essential to meet the demanded climate targets. Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) are strong candidates for aircraft applications because they withstand high temperatures, while their density is two-thirds lower than that of conventional nickel-based alloys. This leads to cooling air savings and a lower ove...
In the ongoing development of hypersonic technologies, material advancements play a key role in meeting the ever-increasing thermomechanical demands of these applications. Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites (UHTCMCs) offer a promising solution for components operating under such extreme conditions. Their outstanding thermomechanical p...
For the development of advanced materials and structures with improved corrosion and abrasion resistance, a better understanding of the complex multiphase flow/structure interaction is necessary. Besides appropriate material development of ceramic matrix composites (CMC) materials concerning the harsh application conditions, a precise material char...
The current study aims for a new class of porous thermal protection material (TPS) able to withstand the extremely demanding hypersonic flight environment and being applicable for active and passive hypersonic boundary layer control through tailored porosity. The study addresses two of the many challenges to master hypersonic sustained flight; high...
The paper presents manufacture of C/C‐SiC composite materials by wet filament winding of C fibers with a water‐based phenolic resin with subsequent curing via autoclave as well as pyrolysis and liquid silicon infiltration (LSI). Almost dense C/C‐SiC composite materials with different winding angles ranging from ±15° to ±75° could be obtained with p...
Oxide ceramics could be attractive high-temperature construction materials for critical structural parts in high-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage systems due to their excellent corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. The 3D-printing technology allows the production of ceramic components with highly complex geometries, and...
The wet-laid nonwoven as a preform manufacturing technique for C/C-SiCs has been pioneered in this study and holds great promises for the field, especially for hybrid materials. The wet-laid nonwovens are compatible with liquid silicon infiltration (LSI), and standalone samples of the wet-laid nonwoven ceramics, as well as a hybrid material, were p...
Silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites (SiC/SiC CMCs) are promising candidates for hot gas components in jet engines. Three common manufacturing routes are chemical vapor infiltration, reactive melt infiltration (RMI) and polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP). A combination of the processes seems attractive: the remai...
In order to study the effects of temperature on the material behavior of Liquid Silicon Infiltration (LSI) based continuous carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (C/C-SiC), the mechanical properties at room temperature (RT) in in-plane and out-of-plane directions are summarized and the tensile properties of C/C-SiC were then determined at high te...
The microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fibre reinforced ZrB2 composites produced by slurry infiltration and consolidated by reactive melt infiltration were investigated. Fibres were preliminary infiltrated with ZrB2/B slurries with varying ZrB2/B ratios. Then the composites were infiltrated with Zr2Cu melt at 1200 °C under vacuum. B...
The present work investigates the formation and stability of different oxides on PM1000, an Oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) Ni-Cr superalloy, and on SiC coated C/C-SiC after being exposed to highly dissociated nitrogen and oxygen flows in a Plasma Wind Tunnel (PWT). PM1000 and C/CSiC are candidate materials for re-entry vehicles Thermal Protect...
Silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites (SiC/SiC CMCs) are promising candidates for components in the hot gas section of jet engines, as they exhibit high temperature resistance and low density compared to their metal alloy counterparts. Three common manufacturing routes are chemical vapor infiltration, reactive melt infi...
Ceramic matrix composites usually utilize carbon or ceramic fbers as reinforcements. However, such fbers often expose a low ductility during failure. In this work, we follow the idea of a reinforcement concept of a ceramic matrix reinforced by refractory metal fbers to reach pseudo ductile behavior during failure. Tungsten and molybdenum fbers were...
Damage-tolerant ceramic matrix composites (CMC) are prone to high temperature applications under severe environmental conditions and usually utilize carbon or ceramic fibres (e.g. SiC) as reinforcements of ceramic matrices with inherent low elongation to break compared to common metals. However, CMC reveal an elongation to break and stiffness simil...
Silicon Carbide (SiC) is a low Z material discussed as an alternative to graphite for fusion devices. The retention of hydrogenous species is an important plasma-surface interaction property. Deuterium was implanted into SiC, SiCf/SiC, Cf/C-SiC and SiC coated graphite under various particle energy and substrate temperature conditions. A TDS process...
Ceramic matrix composites based on wet filament winding and LSI-processing are attractive candidates (C/C-SiC) for many applications in aerospace. Therefore, commercial C-fibres and a water-based phenolic resin were used for wet filament winding on a mandrel and subsequent curing in an autoclave, followed by pyrolysis to a C-matrix and liquid silic...
Mo- and W-fiber reinforced CMCs can be easily manufactured via polymer infiltration and pyrolysis at 1300 °C (PIP) Mo/SiCN and W/SiCN composites are light-weight in comparison to Mo/Mo and W/W composites Mo/SiCN and W/SiCN show increased fracture strain compared to CMCs Mo/SiCN and W/SiCN can be considered as WMCs and thus need no weak interphase M...
This paper presents the results of experimental investigations for the thermal qualification of radomes for high-speed missiles made of the oxide ceramic matrix composites WHIPOX and OXIPOL with different types of thermal insulation based on silica aerogels. Experiments were conducted in a blowdown windtunnel for aerothermodynamic investigations at...
Silicon Carbide (SiC) is a ceramic material of special interest for aerospace and fusion applications. The low atomic number enables a higher plasma impurity content and results in a low induced radioactivity. The high strength and hardness, the ability to withstand high temperature and corrosive environments renders SiC a prospective material for...
Silicon Carbide (SiC) is a low Z material discussed as an alternative to graphite for fusion devices. The retention of hydrogenous species is an important plasma-surface interaction property. Deuterium was implanted into SiC, SiCf/SiC, Cf/C-SiC and SiC coated graphite under various particle energy and substrate temperature conditions. A TDS process...
Im Rahmen dieser Masterarbeit wird ein Versuchsaufbau zusammengestellt, um CMCs unter Hochtemperatur mechanisch zu charakterisieren. Es werden anschlieÿend Flachproben aus C/C-SiC mit verschiedenen Faserorientierungen und Rohrproben aus SiC/SiC unter verschiedenen Versuchsbedingungen getestet. Dazu werden zum einen Zugversuche und zum anderen zykli...
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Faserpreformen zur Herstellung von Radomen wurden aufgezeigt Silica-Aerogele weisen exzellente Wärmeisolationseigenschaften bei gleichzeitiger hoher Radartransparenz auf SiC-reiche Kegelspitzen für Ram-jet-Lufteinläufe lassen sich auf der Basis von MICaSiC herstellen UHTCMC-Werkstoffe können durch Schmelzinfiltration e...
Within the sub-project "Advanced Rocket Propellants" (TP5) of the DLR interdisciplinary project "Future Fuels" three promising advanced green propellant systems are under investigation with regard to applicability and efficiency in rocket engines. The work aims at different mission scenarios and tasks, whereas performance, low costs, environmental...
Ceramic matrix composites usually utilize carbon or ceramic fibers as reinforcements. However, such fibers often expose a low ductility during failure. In this work, we follow the idea of a reinforcement concept of a ceramic matrix by refractory metal fibers to reach pseudo ductile behavior during failure. Tungsten and molybdenum fibers were chosen...
For the development of advanced materials and structures with improved abrasion resistance a better understanding of the complex multiphase flow / structure interaction is necessary. Fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMC) combine the general properties of ceramic materials (abrasion and high temperature resistance as well as high temperat...
Four unidirectional fiber reinforced SiCN ceramic matrix composites were manufactured by means of polymer infiltration and pyrolysis. Two carbon fibers (T800H and Granoc XN90) as well as two silicon carbide fibers (Tyranno ZMI and SA3) without fiber coating were chosen. As matrix precursor, a poly(methylvinyl)silazane was investigated and utilized....
This chapter examines how silicon carbide fiber reinforced SiC composites offer performance advantages such as higher temperature capability and significant lower density over the currently used metallic superalloys. The fiber coating is aimed for the creation of a weak fiber‐matrix interface in order to promote energy dissipating effects such as f...
In this work, a recent production technique of oxide ceramic matrix composites with a porous matrix based on commercial prepregs from Axiom, USA, was developed and investigated. The main objectives were to study the influences of the different prepreg types and the manufacturing process on the material properties. Two commercially available prepreg...
Hypersonics, materials, structures, concepts, re-entry, C/C-SiC
Liquid Silicon Infiltration (LSI) is a technique to manufacture non-oxide ceramic matrix composites such as C/C-SiC or SiC/SiC. In the beginning of this three-step process, fiber preforms are shaped and impregnated with phenolic resins. After curing, the preforms are pyrolyzed to convert the polymer matrix to a porous carbon matrix. This porosity i...
Silicon-carbide-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites (SiC/SiC) exhibit good thermal shock resistance, a low coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent physical properties as well as chemical stability at elevated temperatures and are therefore regarded as promising candidates for various applications in heavily loaded turbine sect...
Einleitung und Motivation Keramische Querschubdüsen für Heißgasuntersuchungen Aerogele für Wärmedämmung Radome aus WHIPOX-Werkstoffen mit Aerogol-Isolation Werkstoffentwicklung für Ablatormaterialien UHTCMC-Werkstoffe Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
Filament winding technique in combination with the liquid silicon infiltration process (LSI) is used for the development of novel, damage tolerant, high temperature resistant, dense C/C-SiC ceramic matrix composite materials for rocket nozzle extension applications. With the integration of the filament winding technique into the well-known LSIproce...
Aufgrund der günstigen Energieabsorptionseigenschaften finden Faserverbundwerkstoffe Anwendung im Bereich der Schutzsysteme, dies sowohl im ballistischen Bereich als auch im Bereich des für die Luftfahrt typischen Hochgeschwindigkeitsaufpralls von Fremdkörpern. Eine Weiterentwicklung von kerbschlagempfindlichen Faserverbundwerkstoffen hinsichtl...
Tagung / Angewandte Forschung für Verteidigung und Sicherheit in Deutschland Vortragender: Martin Frieß Titel: „Werkstoffe als Schutz vor Laserbeschuss“ Abstract Faserkeramische Verbundwerkstoffe (C/C-SiC) wurden ursprünglich für Hitzeschutzsysteme von Raumfahrzeugen entwickelt, bei denen hohe massenspezifische Steifigkeiten und Temperaturstand-fes...
Einleitung und Motivation Radome aus WHIPOX-Werkstoffen Thermische Isolierung von Radomen Herstellung der Aerogele Aerogel/Keramikanbindung Erste Ergebnisse zur Messung der Effektivität der Aerogel-Innenisolierung von Radommodellen Entwicklung von UHTCMC-Werkstoffen (Ultra-Hochtemperatur-CMC) für keramische Raketenantriebe und Triebwerkseinläufe Ko...
In order to develop SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites with a low porosity, liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) was chosen as a technique, characterized by short processing times. To create the matrix, a tailored phenolic resin containing ß-naphthol units was synthesized and infiltrated in wound fiber preforms, thermally cured, pyrolysed and siliconiz...
Fiber reinforced composites containing a ZrB2 matrix is prepared by reactive melt infiltration, using a Zr based intermetallic compound. Different precursors are evaluated in order to manufacture fiber reinforced preforms and enable a melt infiltration process. In order to infiltrate the porous preform, capillary forces must be high enough to pull...
During atmospheric re-entry high thermal loads are generated on the surface of the entry vehicle with peak loads in the stagnation area. Typical entry vehicles have a blunt shape avoiding sharp tips or leading edges because the heat load increases with a decreasing curvature radius of the surface structure. Recent developments for vehicles in the h...
SiC/SiC ceramics consist of silicon carbide fibres embedded in a silicon carbide matrix. As an alternative to classic CVI and PIP routes, Liquid Silicon Infiltration (LSI) was chosen as a technique with short process times to obtain composites with low porosity. Silicon carbide composites show good thermal shock resistance, a low coefficient of the...
Uncoated SiC fibres in SiC/SiC composites manufactured by the liquid-silicon infiltration (LSI) process show a strong degradation as a result of silicon attack. The goal of this research is the development of a SiNx-based fibre coating, which acts as a barrier against the liquid silicon. The coating is applied by means of low-pressure chemical vapo...
The key step in the manufacture of C-fibre reinforced SiC composites (C/C-SiC) via liquid silicon infiltration of porous C/C structures is the manufacture of CFRP composites. In this step fibre matrix bonding (FMB) is determining the microstructure in C/C state: strong FMB leads to a block structure of dense C/C segments which are hardly accessible...
Specific phenolic resin samples have been developed as the carbon precursor for SiC/C composites. Liquid phenolic resins suitable for fiber-infiltration in the resin transfer moulding (RTM) process are synthesized by using versatile combination of the aromatic component (phenol, naphthalen-2-ol) with various formaldehyde equivalents such as methana...
Specific phenolic resin samples have been developed as the carbon precursor for SiC/C composites. Liquid phenolic resins suitable for fiber-infiltration in the resin transfer moulding (RTM) process are synthesized by using versatile combination of the aromatic component (phenol, naphthalen-2-ol) with various formaldehyde equivalents such as methana...
During atmospheric re-entry high thermal loads are generated on the surface of the entry vehicle with peak loads in the stagnation area. Typical entry vehicles have a blunt shape avoiding sharp tips or leading edges because the heat load increases with a decreasing curvature radius of the surface structure. Recent developments for vehicles in the h...
Fiber reinforced composites containing a ZrB2 matrix are prepared by reactive melt infiltration, using a Zr based intermetallic compound. Different precursors are evaluated in order to manufacture fiber reinforced preforms and enable a melt infiltration process. The sample preforms contain boron powder, which forms ZrB2 during Zr2Cu melt infiltrati...
In diesem Beitrag werden die beim DLR entwickelten CMC-Werkstoffe hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung als Flugkörper-Werkstoffe für den extremen Heißgaseinsatz vorgestellt. Dies umfasst sowohl die oxidischen Werkstoffe OXIPOL und WHIPOX für den Bereich Suchkopfabdeckung (Radome) als auch nichtoxidischen Werkstoffe C/C-SiC und biogenes SiC für den Bereich Ei...
State-of-the-art, highly porous oxide based CMCs with intrinsic oxidation stability and no need to fibre coating, suffer from enhanced chemical attack due to high surface areas as well as from grain coarsening and strength reduction under UHT loading conditions. Dense oxide/oxide and especially non-oxide CMCs in combination with integrated oxidatio...
In the present work, amorphous Si
- Grundfinanzierte Entwicklungsarbeiten (FFT2) zu Werkstoffen und Flugkörperkomponenten - Entwicklungsarbeiten zur Herstellung und Charakterisierung einer keramischen Schubkammer und deren Heißgastest - Ausblick auf geplante weitere Arbeiten in 2014 und darüber hinaus
SiC/SiC composites consist of silicon carbide fibers embedded in a silicon carbide matrix. As an alternative to classic CVI and PIP routes, Liquid Silicon Infiltration (LSI) was chosen as a technique with short process times to obtain composites with low porosity. Silicon Carbide composites show good thermal shock resistance, a low coefficient of t...
Non-oxide ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) based on silicon carbide fibers (Tyranno SA3; UBE Industries Ltd., Japan) were manufactured via PIP-process using a polysilazane precursor. Prior to PIP-process, SiC-fabrics (two fabric types: PSA-S17I16PX and PSA-S17F08PX) were coated with oxidation resistant monazite (LaPO4) which was derived from rhabdo...
Under long-term HT-loading conditions, highly porous all oxide fibre based CMCs as well as porous non-oxide CMCs suffer from enhanced chemical attack due to high surface area and due to microstructural degradation depending on phase composition. Additionally, fibre/matrix interaction may change due to internal oxidation resulting in brittle fractur...
Faserkeramische Verbundwerkstoffe (C/C-SiC) wurden ursprünglich für Hitzeschutzsysteme von Raumfahrzeugen entwickelt, bei denen hohe massenspezifische Steifigkeiten und Temperaturstand-festigkeiten erforderlich sind. Aufgrund ihrer Hitze- und Erosionsbeständigkeit in Kombination mit er-höhter Schadenstoleranz erweiterte sich das Einsatzspektrum sch...
Ursprünglich wurden faserkeramische Verbundwerkstoffe (C/C-SiC) für Hitzeschutzsysteme von Raumfahrzeugen entwickelt, bei denen hohe massenspezifische Steifigkeiten und Temperaturstandfestigkeiten erforderlich sind. Aufgrund ihrer Hitze- und Erosionsbeständigkeit in Kombination mit erhöhter Schadenstoleranz fanden sie auch schnell Einsatz in Frikti...
C/SiC and C/C-SiC materials based on Melt Infiltration (MI) are combining adequate performance with low manufacturing costs and have opened up new application areas beyond aerospace. MI processes generally are based on three main steps: (1) manufacture of a CFRP preform, (2) pyrolysis to porous C/C and (3) Si infiltration and SiC matrix build up. V...
Propeller brake for A400M
Development of C/C-SiC brake pads
Screening test
Qualification
Pre-series manufacturing
Technology transfer
Carbon-carbon silicon carbide (C/C-SiC) composite plates were manufactured based on triaxial and biaxial braided fiber preforms. The liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) method was used to achieve the SiC matrix. In a first processing step intermediate modulus carbon fiber (T800 12k) preforms were manufactured via braiding technique in ±45° and ±75° f...
Introduction Experimental Procedure Results and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgement
Non-oxide CMCs based on pyc-coated SiC-fibres (Tyranno SA3™) as well as novel amorphous ceramic fibres in the quaternary system Si–B–C–N (named SiBNC-fibres) were manufactured via polymer infiltration and pyrolysis process. Two different fibre architectures were applied: 0|90° unidirectional (UD) cross-ply and 0|90° plain weave fabric layer. UD cro...
Die Abrasive Heißgasanlage, die sich am Prüfstandskomplex M11 des Instituts für Raumfahrtantriebe in Lampoldshausen befindet, wurde im Rahmen des Projektes erweitert, um auch die zeitaufgelöste Messung der auftretenden Kräfte und Momente (6-DoF) an zu testenden Materialproben und Strahlrudern zu ermöglichen. Hierbei wurden unter anderem die Versuch...
Higher efficiency of jet engine and environmental friendly use are promised via an increase of the combustion temperature. Oxide ceramic matrix composites (CMC) are reliable candidates for this purpose. Within this scope, the German funded project HiPOC (High Performance Oxide Ceramics) supports the further development of OXIPOL (Oxide CMC based on...
For a long time polysiloxanes have been used to build up an oxidation and corrosion resistant matrix (SiOC) in damage tolerant ceramic matrix composites (CMC) using polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) processing. These oxide CMCs are reliable candidates for aeronautics applications, such as turbine inlets for future jet engines. Another intere...
This internship report of second year study in engineering school deals with Ceramic Matrix Composite manufactured by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis process (PIP). In order to improve the behavior of CMCs in oxidizing atmosphere a new coating based lanthanum phosphate is investigated and described in detail. Firstly parameters of the coating pr...
We report on an alternative route to quaternary ceramics which can be prepared by polycocondensation of commercially available polysilazanes with the appropriate alkyl amides (M(NRR')X with M = B or P and subsequent pyrolysis in argon atmosphere at 1000°C. Ceramic monoliths are obtained if the modified polysilazane is crosslinked at 400°C for 3 h....
Carbon-carbon silicon carbide (C/C-SiC) composite plates were manufactured by wet filament winding and warm pressing. The liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) method was used to reach the ceramic state. Starting products in this work were HTA 6k carbon fibres (C) and a phenolic resin. In the first processing step C fibres were wound on specific man-dr...
