M. Crowley

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey | Rutgers · Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences

The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) consists of seven research sites with over 800 instruments collecting ocean, seafloor, and meteorological data in the world's oceans, extending from the Irminger Sea to the Southern Ocean. The scale with which data are produced from the instruments and their platforms presents key challenges, including how t...

Gliderpalooza represented a grass-roots coordinated field demonstration of ocean observing technologies spanning the eastern seaboard of North America. The overarching goal was to coordinate disparate ocean research efforts, funded by disparate programs from a variety of agencies to demonstrate continental scale coordination of various ocean observ...

Executive Summary There is a critical need to link the terrestrial and ocean systems over time and space scales to address episodic (days) and climatic (years) scale problems facing the scientific and management communities. One element of a strategy to address this need is a sustained sampling protocol that includes the three dimensional ocean fro...

The coastal northeast United States was heavily impacted by hurricanes Irene and Sandy. Track forecasts for both hurricanes were quite accurate days in advance. Intensity forecasts, however, were less accurate, with the intensity of Irene significantly over-predicted, and the rapid acceleration and intensification of Sandy just before landfall unde...

The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) promises to reshape the way ocean science is conducted by providing ocean researchers with access to near real-time data, the ability to control/configure sensors and mobile assets, high-bandwidth infrastructure for images, powerful cyberinfrastructure, and data visualization and modeling tools to conduct th...

The Mid-Atlantic Bight off the U.S. East Coast is a dynamic area with a significant coastal population and a heavy concentration of coastal and waterborne activities. The Mid-Atlantic Regional Association Coastal Ocean Observing System (MARACOOS) was established to coordinate the variety of oceanographic data collectors and information providers in...

A national glider network is essential to provide baseline ocean observations to connect the coastal and global ocean, and to address such issues as natural climate variability, ecosystem health, and water quality. The development of gliders is briefly reviewed. Requirements for a national network are presented, and the capabilities of gliders are...

Studies are underway that are evaluating the offshore wind resource along the coast of New Jersey in an effort to determine the variability of the wind resource. One major source of variability is the sea-land breeze circulation that occurs during periods of peak energy demand. The sea breeze front, driven by the thermal difference between the warm...

The National Science Foundation's Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is constructing observational and computer infrastructure that will provide sustained ocean measurements to study climate variability, ocean circulation, ecosystem dynamics, air-sea exchange, seafloor processes, and plate-scale geodynamics over the next ~25-30 years. To accompli...

Radiance Technologies, Inc. has tested and demonstrated real-time collection and on-board processing of Multispectral Imagery (MSI). Further, the test and demonstration consisted of a real-time downlink from the aircraft to the ground station and real-time display of the processed data product. The multispectral imagery was collected with a low-cos...

PAR Government Systems Corporation (PAR) with Advanced Coherent Technologies, LLC (ACT) has developed affordable, narrow-band polarimetry sensor hardware and software based upon the PAR Mission Adaptable Narrowband Tunable Imaging Sensor (MANTIS). The sensor has been deployed in multiple environments. Polarimetric imagery of the clear blue sky and...

The alternative hypothesis that observed regions of recurrent hypoxia on the New Jersey inner shelf are more related to coastal upwelling than riverine inputs of nutrients was investigated through a series of multidisciplinary research programs beginning in 1993. The largest variations in ocean temperatures along the New Jersey coast, other than se...

Ocean observatories are changing the way oceanographers go to sea. The rapidly evolving field of ocean optics is producing new technologies and analysis procedures that are contributing to this transition. Optical oceanography is now moving beyond the slow-boat approach of stopping to collect discrete profiles and water samples for later laboratory...

The Indian Space Research Organization launched the polar orbiting Oceansat (IRS-P4) satellite in 1999. On board, is the Ocean Color Monitor (OCM) instrument, which has identical spectral bands to the SeaWiFS instrument but with a spatial resolution of 236/spl times/360 meters. OCM has been acquiring data since late 1999 but has largely been ignore...

This chapter describes the basics of ocean color remote sensing. It includes a description to obtain and use SeaWiFS data within NASA's freely available ocean color remote sensing software. Differences in methodology and some of the more recent developments in the optical remote sensing field are described. By exploring how light penetrates the wat...

During the summer of 2001, the Rutgers University Longterm Ecosystem Observatory was the focus of an intense satellite/ in situ ocean optics research program (HyCODE). Ocean color data from SeaWiFS, MODIS, Oceansat, Fy1-C and the PHILLS hyperspectral scanner were compared and contrasted to each other and in situ measurements from ships, moorings an...

A series of Gulf Stream forecast model test cases were developed for the Data Assimilation and Model Evaluation Experiment (DAMEE). The model initialization and verification procedure relies heavily on a series of accurate synoptic snapshots of the Gulf Stream north wall and ring locations. Satellite infrared imagery, Geosat altimetry, and numerous...

A third summer of coastal upwelling observations was recently completed by researchers at LEO-15, the Long-term Ecosystem Observatory established in 15 m of water offshore of Tuckerton, New Jersey. Each year, real-time satellite images of wind-driven upwelling events trigger fast-response shipboard surveys to study the subsurface structure of the u...

An extended synthetic geoid for the western North Atlantic Ocean was constructed by employing Geosat altimeter data, concurrent dynamic model forecasts, and climatology. Estimates of the absolute dynamic topography from the altimeter were compared to estimates of the dynamic topography computed from independent in situ temperature measurements. The...

Using data sets of known quality as the basis for comparison, a recent experiment explored the Gulf Stream Region at 27°-47°N and 80°-50°W to assess the nowcast/forecast capability of specific ocean models and the impact of data assimilation. Scientists from five universities and the Naval Research Laboratory/Stennis Space Center participated in th...