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March 1993 - present
Publications
Publications (315)
Recent advances in satellite observations of methane provide increased opportunities for inverse modeling. However, challenges exist in the satellite observation optimization and retrievals for high latitudes. In this study, we examine possibilities and challenges in the use of the total column averaged dry-air mole fractions of methane (XCH4) data...
The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite enables the accurate determination of atmospheric methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) abundances at high spatial resolution and global daily sampling. Due to its wide swath and sampling, the global distribution of both gases can be determined in unpreced...
Emissions of methane (CH4) in the Permian basin (USA) have been derived for 2019 and 2020 from satellite observations of the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) using the divergence method, in combination with a data driven method to estimate the background column densities. The resulting CH4 emission data, which have been verified using m...
The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite enables the accurate determination of atmospheric methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) abundances at high spatial resolution and global daily sampling. Due to its wide swath and sampling, the global distribution of both gases can be determined in unprecede...
Space-based Earth observation (EO), in the form of long-term climate data records, has been crucial in the monitoring and quantification of slow changes in the climate system—from accumulating greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, increasing surface temperatures, and melting sea-ice, glaciers and ice sheets, to rising sea-level. In addition to...
The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service has recently produced a greenhouse gases reanalysis (version egg4) that covers almost two decades from 2003 to 2020 and will be extended in the future. This reanalysis dataset includes carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The reanalysis procedure combines model data with satellite data into a globally...
The Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) mission was launched on October 2017 and has since provided data with high spatio-temporal resolution using its remote sensing instrument, the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). The latter is a nadir viewing passive grating imaging spectrometer. The mathematical inversion of the TROPOMI data yields retrieva...
We show new results from an updated version of the Fast atmOspheric
traCe gAs retrievaL (FOCAL) retrieval method applied to measurements
of the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) and its successor
GOSAT-2.
FOCAL was originally developed for estimating the total column carbon
dioxide mixing ratio (XCO2) from spectral measurements made by t...
The European Copernicus programme plans to install a constellation of multiple polar orbiting satellites (Copernicus Anthropogenic CO2 Monitoring Mission, CO2M mission) for observing atmospheric CO2 content with the aim to estimate fossil fuel CO2 emissions. We explore the impact of potential CO2M observations of column-averaged CO2 (XCO2), nitroge...
This work employs ground- and space-based observations, together
with model data, to study columnar abundances of atmospheric trace gases
(XH2O, XCO2, XCH4 and XCO) in two high-latitude Russian cities, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg. Two portable COllaborative Column
Carbon Observing Network (COCCON) spectrometers were used for continuous
measure...
The Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) mission was launched on October 2017 and has since provided data with high spatio-temporal resolution using its remote sensing instrument, the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). The latter is a nadir viewing passive grating imaging spectrometer. The mathematical inversion of the TROPOMI data yields retrieva...
Recently, the Fast atmOspheric traCe gAs retrievaL (FOCAL) algorithm has been applied to measurements of the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) and its successor GOSAT-2. FOCAL has been originally developed for Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) retrievals with the focus on the derivation of carbon dioxide (XCO2). However, depending on...
The Paris Agreement establishes a transparency framework for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. It's core component are inventory-based national greenhouse gas emission reports, which are complemented by independent estimates derived from atmospheric CO2 measurements combined with inverse modelling. It is, however, not known whether such...
This work employs ground- and space-based observations, together with model data to study columnar abundances of atmospheric trace gases (XH2O, XCO2, XCH4, and XCO) in two high-latitude Russian cities, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg. Two portable COllaborative Column Carbon Observing Network (COCCON) spectrometers were used for continuous measure...
The Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is a binding international treaty signed by 196 nations to limit their greenhouse gas emissions through ever-reducing Nationally Determined Contributions and a system of 5-yearly Global Stocktakes in an Enhanced Transparency Framework. To support this process, the Euro...
Since 2009, the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) has performed radiance measurements in the near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral region. From February 2019 onward, data from GOSAT-2 have also been available. We present the first results from the application of the Fast atmOspheric traCe gAs retrievaL (FOCAL) algori...
Several ambient air quality records corroborate the severe and persistent degradation of air quality over northern India during the winter months, with evidence of a continued, increasing trend of pollution across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) over the past decade. A combination of atmospheric dynamics and uncertain emissions, including the post-mo...
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in reduced anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions during 2020 in large parts of the world. To investigate whether a regional-scale reduction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic can be detected using space-based observations of atmospheric CO2, we have analysed a small ensemble of OCO-2 an...
A reduction of the anthropogenic emissions of CO2 (carbon dioxide) is necessary to stop or slow down man-made climate change. To verify mitigation strategies, a global monitoring system such as the envisaged European Copernicus anthropogenic CO2 monitoring mission (CO2M) is required. Those satellite data are going to be complemented and validated w...
Since 2009, the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) performs radiance measurements in the shortwave-infrared (SWIR) spectral region. From February 2019 onward, data from GOSAT-2 are also available. We present first results from the application of the Fast atmOspheric traCe gAs retrieval (FOCAL) algorithm to derive column-averaged dry-air m...
This study assesses the potential of satellite imagery of vertically integrated columns of dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) to constrain the emissions from cities and power plants (called emission clumps) over the whole globe during 1 year. The imagery is simulated for one imager of the Copernicus mission on Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Monitor...
Climate Data Records (CDRs) of Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) as defined by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) derived from satellite instruments help to characterize the main components of the Earth system, to identify the state and evolution of its processes, and to constrain the budgets of key cycles of water, carbon and energy. The...
Several ambient air quality records corroborate severe and persistent degradation of air quality over North India during the winter months with evidence of a continued increasing trend of pollution across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) over the past decade. A combination of atmospheric dynamics and uncertain emissions, including the post-monsoon agr...
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in reduced anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions during 2020 in large parts of the world. We report results from a first attempt to determine whether a regional-scale reduction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic can be detected using space-based observations of atmospheric CO2. For this...
Background:
Satellite imagery will offer unparalleled global spatial coverage at high-resolution for long term cost-effective monitoring of CO2 concentration plumes generated by emission hotspots. CO2 emissions can then be estimated from the magnitude of these plumes. In this paper, we assimilate pseudo-observations in a global atmospheric inversi...
A reduction of the anthropogenic emissions of CO2 (carbon dioxide) is necessary to stop or slow down man-made climate change. To verify mitigation strategies, a global monitoring system such as the envisaged European Copernicus anthropogenic CO2 monitoring mission (CO2M) is required. Those satellite data are going to be complemented and validated w...
The switch from the use of coal to natural gas or oil for energy generation potentially reduces
greenhouse gas emissions and thus the impact on global warming and climate change because of
the higher energy creation per CO2 molecule emitted. However, the climate benefit over coal
is offset by methane (CH4) leakage from natural gas and petroleum sys...
Climate Data Records (CDRs) of Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) as defined by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) derived from satellite instruments help to characterize the main components of the Earth system, to identify the state and evolution of its processes, and to constrain the budgets of key cycles of water, carbon and energy. The...
Earth System Models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) showed large uncertainties in simulating atmospheric CO2 concentrations. By comparing the simulations with satellite observations, in this study we find slight improvements in the ESMs participating in the new Phase 6 (CMIP6) compared to CMIP5. We...
Earth system models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled
Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) showed large uncertainties in
simulating atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We utilize the Earth System
Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) to evaluate emission-driven CMIP5 and
CMIP6 simulations with satellite data of column-average CO2 mole
fractions...
Abstract. The switch from the use of coal to natural gas or oil for the energy generation potentially reduces the greenhouse gas emissions and thus the impact on global warming and climate change because of the larger energy content per CO<sub>2</sub> molecule emitted. However, the climate benefit over coal is offset by methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) lea...
Due to proceeding climate change, some regions such as California face rising weather extremes with
dry periods becoming warmer and drier, entailing the risk that wildfires and associated air
pollution episodes will continue to increase. November 2018 turned into one of the most severe
wildfire episodes on record in California, with two particularl...
Satellite retrievals of column-averaged dry-air mole
fractions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), denoted
XCO2 and XCH4, respectively, have been used in recent years to
obtain information on natural and anthropogenic sources and sinks and for
other applications such as comparisons with climate models. Here we present
new data sets based on...
Under the Paris Agreement progress of emission reduction efforts is tracked on the basis of regular updates to national Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventories, referred to as bottom-up estimates. However, only top-down atmospheric measurements can provide observation-based evidence of emission trends. Today there is no internationally agreed, operational...
Abstract. This study assesses the potential of satellite imagery of vertically integrated columns of dry-air mole fractions of CO<sub>2</sub> (XCO<sub>2</sub>) to constrain the emissions from cities and power plants (called emission clumps) over the whole globe during one year. The imagery is simulated for one imager of the Copernicus mission on An...
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important atmospheric constituent affecting air quality, and
methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas contributing to human-induced
climate change. Detailed and continuous observations of these gases are necessary to better assess
their impact on climate and atmospheric pollution. While surface and airbor...
Abstract. Satellite retrievals of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), denoted XCO<sub>2</sub> and XCH<sub>4</sub>, respectively, have been used in recent years to obtain information on natural and anthropogenic sources and sinks and for other applications such as comparisons with c...
Despite its key role in climate change, large uncertainties persist in our knowledge of the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and no global observing system exists that allows us to monitor emissions from localized CO2 sources with sufficient accuracy. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite allows retrievals of the column...
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important atmospheric constituent affecting air quality and methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas contributing to human-induced climate change. Detailed and continuous observations of these gases are necessary to better assess their impact on climate and atmospheric pollution. While surface and airborn...
Despite its key role for climate change, large uncertainties persist in our knowledge of the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and no global observing system exists allowing to monitor emissions from localized CO2 sources with sufficient accuracy. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite can retrieve the column-average dry-...
Due to proceeding climate change, some regions such as California are becoming warmer and drier entailing the risk that destructive wildfires and associated air pollution episodes continue to increase. November 2018 has turned into one of the most disastrous months in Californian history with two particularly destructive wildfires raging concurrent...
The growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) reflects the net
effect of emissions and uptake resulting from anthropogenic and natural
carbon sources and sinks. Annual mean CO2 growth rates have been
determined from satellite retrievals of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions
of CO2, i.e. XCO2, for the years 2003 to 2016. The XCO2
growth ra...
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are important atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG) and, therefore, classified as essential climate variables (ECVs). Previously, satellite-derived atmospheric CO2 and methane CH4 ECV data sets have been generated and made available via the GHG-CCI project of the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Climate Change Initi...
The growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) reflects the net effect of emissions and uptake resulting from anthropogenic and natural carbon sources and sinks. Annual mean CO2 growth rates have been determined globally and for selected latitude bands from satellite retrievals of column-average dry-air mole fractions of CO2, i.e., XCO2, for t...
Reliable techniques to infer greenhouse gas emission rates from localised
sources require accurate measurement and inversion approaches. In this study
airborne remote sensing observations of CO2 by the MAMAP instrument
and airborne in situ measurements are used to infer emission estimates of
carbon dioxide released from a cluster of coal-fired powe...
Airborne in situ and remote sensing measurements of methane were performed over the marine seeps in the Santa Barbara Channel close to the Coal Oil Point in California on two days in June and August 2014 with the aim to re-assess their methane emissions. During this period, methane column averaged dry air mole fractions derived from airborne remote...
Satellite retrievals of the atmospheric dry-air column-average mole fraction of CO 2 (XCO 2 ) based on hyperspectral measurements in appropriate near (NIR) and short wave infrared (SWIR) O 2 and CO 2 absorption bands can help to answer important questions about the carbon cycle but the precision and accuracy requirements for XCO 2 data products are...
Satellite retrievals of the atmospheric dry-air column-average mole fraction of CO 2 (XCO 2 ) based on hyperspectral measurements in appropriate near (NIR) and short wave infrared (SWIR) O 2 and CO 2 absorption bands can help to answer important questions about the carbon cycle but the precision and accuracy requirements for XCO 2 data products are...
Fugitive emissions from waste disposal sites are important anthropogenic sources of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). As a result of the growing world population and the recognition of the need to control greenhouse gas emissions, this anthropogenic source of CH4 has received much recent attention. However, the accurate assessment of the CH4 emissi...
This study assesses the potential of 2 to 10 km
resolution imagery of CO2 concentrations retrieved from the shortwave
infrared measurements of a space-borne passive spectrometer for monitoring
the spatially integrated emissions from the Paris area. Such imagery could
be provided by missions similar to CarbonSat, which was studied as a
candidate Ear...
We present two novel earth observation products derived from the BESD and EMMA XCO2 products which were respectively retrieved from SCIAMACHY and GOSAT observations within the GreenHouse Gas project of ESA's Climate Change Initiative (GHG-CCI). These products are inferred by a Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System (CCDAS) and consist of net and gro...
The global carbon cycle is an important component of the Earth system and it interacts with the hydrology, energy and nutrient cycles as well as ecosystem dynamics. A better understanding of the global carbon cycle is required for improved projections of climate change including corresponding changes in water and food resources and for the verifica...