Luke Hounsome

• PhD
• Team Lead at UKHSA

Objective To evaluate the dynamic nature of self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQL) and morbidity burden in men diagnosed with prostate cancer, we performed a follow-up study of the Life After Prostate Cancer Diagnosis (LAPCD) study cohort 12 months after initial survey. Methods The LAPCD study collected information from 35,823 men acr...

Background Little is known about health-related quality of life (HRQOL) following treatment for bladder cancer (BC). Objective To determine this, we undertook a cross-sectional survey covering 10% of the English population. Design, setting, and participants Participants 1–10 yr from diagnosis were identified through national cancer registration d...

Background In the UK, inequalities exist in prostate cancer incidence, survival and treatment by area deprivation and rurality. This work aimed to identify variation in patient-reported outcomes of men with prostate cancer by area type. Methods A population-based survey of men 18–42 months after prostate cancer diagnosis (N = 35608) measured self-...

Objective: Clinical options for managing non-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) vary. Each option has associated side-effects leading to difficulty in decision-making. This study aimed to assess the relationship between patient involvement in treatment decision-making and subsequent decision regret (DR), and quantify the impact of health-related qual...

Purpose: There are known associations between treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) involving Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) and psychological and physical side-effects. We investigate the associations between cancer-related symptoms, health-related quality of life (HRQL), and poor psychological outcomes in men whose treatment for PCa involved ADT...

Background Docetaxel (Doc) was initially licenced for CRPC (TAX327) but more recently trials showed Doc at HSPC diagnosis improved survival, shifting patterns of use. Higher neutropenic toxicity rates were reported in the HSPC trials, but it is unclear if this was due to the Doc timing or differences in case-mix. We compared sepsis rates for Doc at...

Background: more men are living following a prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. They may need support to maximize the quality of their survival. Physical and psychological impacts of PCa are widely documented. Less is known about social impacts. We aimed to identify key factors associated with social distress following PCa. Methods : The Life After...

Purpose: prostate cancer incidence, treatment and survival rates vary throughout the United Kingdom (UK) but little is known about regional differences in quality of survival. Objective: To investigate variations in patient-reported outcomes between UK countries and English Cancer Alliances. Design, setting and participants: a cross-sectional post...

Background: Little is known about the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of men living with advanced prostate cancer. We report population-wide functional outcomes and HRQOL in men with all stages of prostate cancer and identify implications for health-care delivery. Methods: For this population-based study, men in the UK living 18-42 months...

Table S1. Responses to EPIC‐26 questions by age group. Table S2. Urinary, bowel and sexual function scores (EPIC‐26) for men aged ≥60 years by demographic, socio‐economic and health‐related characteristics. Table S3. Urinary, bowel and sexual function scores (EPIC‐26) for men aged ≥60 years in NI by demographic, socio‐economic and health‐related...

File S1. Men's Health & Wellbeing Survey.

Background: Understanding population-level exposure to cancer risk factors is vital when devising risk-reduction policies. By reducing exposure to cancer risk factors, many cancers could be prevented. But what impact on cancer incidence do these risk factors have? And what proportion of cancers could be prevented if these risk factors are avoided?...

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a predictive model for risk of death in hospital for gynecological cancer patients specifically examining the impact of sociodemographic factors and emergency admissions to inform patient choice in place of death. Methods: The model was based on data from 71,269 women with gynecological cancer as u...

Background Survival from cancer in older patients is poorer in the UK than other countries with similar health systems and wealth possibly due to undertreatment and increased toxicities in this specific population. This population-based observational study describes factors affecting systemic anticancer treatment (SACT) use in older patients in Eng...

Background: Little is known about quality of life after bladder cancer treatment. This common cancer is managed using treatments that can affect urinary, sexual and bowel function. Methods: To understand quality of life and inform future care, the Department of Health (England) surveyed adults surviving bladder cancer 1-5 years after diagnosis....

Background: Changing population-level exposure to modifiable risk factors is a key driver of changing cancer incidence. Understanding these changes is therefore vital when prioritising risk-reduction policies, in order to have the biggest impact on reducing cancer incidence. UK figures on the number of risk factor-attributable cancers are updated...

Objectives: To provide intelligence on the prevalence of urinary, bowel and sexual dysfunction in Northern Ireland (NI) to act as a baseline for studies of prostate cancer (PCa) outcomes and to aid service provision within the general population. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional postal survey of 10,000 men aged 40 and over in NI, age-matc...

40 Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) outcome studies are frequently restricted to specific disease stage or treatments. Interpretation may be restricted through lack of population control data & selection bias. We report a whole population evaluation of health-related quality of life (HRQL) following diagnosis of PCa compared to a general populatio...

Objectives: To describe contemporary radical prostatectomy (RP) practice using the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) data and audit project and to observe differences in practice in relation to surgeon or centre case volume. Patients and methods: Data on 13,920 Radical Prostatectomy (RP) procedures performed by 178 surgeons acros...

Objective The formation of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) was formalised for urological cancer services by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the 2002 Improving Outcomes in Urological Cancer guidance. This project aimed to assess the variability of MDT recommendations when presented with the same patient. It covered the...

Objective: Data entry by surgeons performing radical cystectomy to the BAUS database was mandated in 2013. Combining this with HES data has allowed comprehensive outcome analysis for the first time. The aim of this study was to establish the current standard for open radical cystectomy in England. Patients & methods: All patients were included i...

Background: Although breastfeeding is widely acknowledged as the normal method of infant feeding, there are large variations in rates of initiation and duration. Several factors are linked to the likelihood of breastfeeding initiation, including the influence and opinion of the child's father. There is limited research into men's perception of the...

Objectives To compare the completeness and agreement of prostate cancer data recorded by the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS) with research-level data specifically abstracted from medical records from the Cluster randomised triAl of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing for Prostate cancer (CAP) trial. Design Cross-secti...

Background Men with localised prostate cancer have a number of treatment options. Treatments carry associated benefits and side- and late-effects. The Life After Prostate Cancer Diagnosis study is a UK-wide survey of men 18–42 months post-diagnosis of prostate cancer. The survey included treatment questions, the Decision Regret Scale (DRS) and a si...

Background: In England more than 70% of people prefer to die at home. 29% of all deaths have an underlying cause of cancer during 2004-2013. Pelvic cancer (Gynaecological, urological and colorectal) accounts for 18.6% of all cancer deaths. This group of patients have overlapping speciality care needs and similar complications which could lead to mu...

Objective The objective of this article is to investigate why bladder cancer (BC) survival is worse in females using national cancer datasets. Patients and methods All BC diagnoses since the year 2000 were identified from the National Cancer Data Repository (NCDR) using ICD-10 Code C67 (Bladder cancer T1–T4). Age-standardised relative survival rat...

Background Each year around 15,000 men and 2900 women die from a urological cancer. The trajectory at end of life can be long and progressive or punctuated by acute events. Nonetheless those who die from urological cancer share some certain common disease manifestations that necessitate input from secondary care. Methods All records of people dyin...

Introduction The Routes to Diagnosis study has recorded data on new cancer diagnoses since 2006. The route to diagnosis of urological cancer influences outcomes and factors including gender, age and deprivation are implicated in affecting the way in which patients present. Materials and methods Data were obtained from the National Cancer Intellige...

Rationale Patient experience data are often reported at the provider level rather than the patient level, meaning that providers receive an aggregate score of all patient experience scores across their service. This inflates positivity and makes it difficult for providers to use patient experience scores to tailor improvements for patients within s...

Background The purpose of the NCRAS Urological Cancer Site-Specific Clinical Reference Group (SSCRG) is to link the knowledge of clinicians with the large amount of routine data collected by cancer registration. This study considers the latest available data and trends in incidence, mortality and survival and offers interpretation of findings in a...

Background The volume–outcome relationship in surgery has been a focus of interest for over a decade. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published their improving outcome guidance in 2002, which encouraged a regionalised multidisciplinary approach in managing urological cancer cases and recommended centralisation of urolog...

Objective Penile cancer services were centralised in England in 2002. Has this had an impact on treatments for penile cancer and survival? Patients and methods All cases of penile cancer from 1990 to 2009 were identified from national cancer registry data. Mortality data were obtained from the Office for National Statistics and survival data were...

Background Prostate cancer and its treatment may impact physically, psychologically and socially; affecting the health-related quality of life of men and their partners/spouses. The Life After Prostate Cancer Diagnosis (LAPCD) study is a UK-wide patient-reported outcomes study which will generate information to improve the health and well-being of...

Background Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in the UK, with 39 741 cases diagnosed in 2014. The National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS) collects data about cancer (including prostate cancer) in England. The CAP study is a cluster-randomised controlled trial investigating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of...

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of routine data for costing inpatient resource use in a large clinical trial and to investigate costing methodologies. Design: Final-year inpatient cost profiles were derived using (1) data extracted from medical records mapped to the National Health Service (NHS) reference costs via service codes and (2) Hos...

Objective: To investigate the relationship effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and fracture in men in the UK. Patients and methods: Using the Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) database for years 2004 to 2008 that contains all the information about NHS and NHS-funded hospital admissions in England - 8,902 patients were found to have had...

Background By April, 2016, the Cancer Drugs Fund (CDF) will have provided £1·27 billion. The CDF funds high-cost cancer drugs that have not been recommended or appraised by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. We aimed to combine the viewpoints of patients and clinicians about fair access to cancer drugs with measured equity of ac...

To investigate and compare the trends in incidence and mortality of penile cancer between Australia, England and Wales, and the US, and provide hypotheses for these trends. Cancer registry data from 1982 to 2005 inclusive were obtained from Australia, England and Wales, and the United States. From these data, age-specific, -standardised and mortali...

Background: In the UK, a man's lifetime risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer is 1 in 8. We calculated both the lifetime risk of being diagnosed with and dying from prostate cancer by major ethnic group. Methods: Public Health England provided prostate cancer incidence and mortality data for England (2008-2010) by major ethnic group. Ethn...

Objective To explore any association between socio-economic deprivation and prostate cancer diagnosis and/or treatment. Patients and methods Data was extracted as follows: We gained the incident cases and staging from the National Cancer Data Repository, survival from the Cancer Information System, mortality from the Office for National Statistics...

Using mixed-methods, we investigated the CDF in the South West of England (3193 cancer patients treated through the CDF, April 1st 2011-March 31st 2013) for evidence of: (1) equitable access across socioeconomic groups, age groups, sex, and Cancer Network; (2) time-to-treatment by socioeconomic group; and (3) the perception of the CDF as fair, usin...

Locally advanced prostate cancer is defined as primary tumours extending outside the prostate gland to the surrounding tissues or seminal vesicles but without spread beyond the pelvic region. With radical treatment there is good prospect of cure. Radiotherapy in combination with hormone therapy is well established, but specific NICE guidelines have...

Introduction In the surgical management of small renal tumours, current guidelines recommend that partial nephrectomy should be the preferred option wherever possible. This is based on evidence suggesting improved quality of life outcomes, morbidity and mortality and equivalent oncological outcomes when compared with radical nephrectomy. Chronic ki...

Background: The Improving Outcomes in Urological Cancers guidelines recommended centralisation of cystectomy services to improve outcomes for bladder cancer (BCa) patients. Objective: To investigate trends in all-cause and cause-specific survival to see if there was an improvement in survival after centralisation was implemented. To analyse tren...

Objectives: The Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) dataset is a source of administrative 'big data' with potential for costing purposes in economic evaluations alongside clinical trials. This study assesses the validity of coverage in the HES outpatient dataset. Methods: Men who died of, or with, prostate cancer were selected from a prostate-canc...

AimThere is increasing evidence of Gleason score (GS) drift in prostatic core biopsies over the last 2 decades. The ProtecT study is a randomised controlled study and it provides an excellent cohort to study the effect of time, PSA level, perineural invasion, tumour length and age on GS.Methods and resultsThe ProtecT study recruited men in the UK b...

To investigate Tumour-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage and demographics at presentation in a very large, contemporary UK cohort of patients with bladder cancer and compare them with other published series, as little published data exists on the pathological characteristics of bladder cancer at presentation. The British Association of Urological Surgeons...

Although the incidence of carcinoma in situ of the bladder is increasing in men, it is not currently considered a reportable malignancy in the UK. The authors advocate increased awareness of the condition, given its aggressive nature and need for early detection and initiation of treatment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons

To analyse the trends of opportunistic PSA screening in Australia focussing on younger men (<55 years of age) to examine its effects on TRUS-BX rates and determine the nature of prostate cancers (PCs) being detected. All men who received an opportunistic screening PSA tests and Trans-rectal ultrasound- guided biopsies (TRUS-BX) from 2001-08 in Aust...

Objective: To ascertain current trends in the incidence and mortality rates for upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) and identify any relationship with age, stage at presentation, social deprivation and treatment method. Patients and methods: We used national databases to collect the data: incidence, stage and survival data from the National Can...

Objective The objective of this article is to obtain up-to-date epidemiological statistics of bladder cancer in England. Methods We collected incidence from the National Cancer Data Repository (NCDR), survival from the national Cancer Information System (CIS), ethnicity information from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES), mortality and smoking...

Unlabelled: WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: How often orthotopic reconstruction should be used after radical cystectomy is uncertain. Male sex, younger age, affluence, white ethnicity and treatment in specialist hospitals may be associated with more frequent use. More evidence about the level and likely variation in the...

The National End of Life Care Intelligence Network has produced its first report looking at differences in where people with urological cancers die--at home, in hospital, hospices or nursing homes--depending on the type of cancer they have and other factors such as age, sex and socioeconomic status. This article summarises the key findings of the r...

With increasing recognition that androgen deprivation therapy has deleterious side-effects to cardiovascular, metabolic and bone health, the authors advocate taking a more active role in the management of men who have been treated for prostate cancer, to help them live with and beyond cancer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons

To undertake a detailed analysis of the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) Section of Oncology Complex Operations Database to report UK outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP) with particular reference to the case volume of the operating surgeon. All RP entries on the BAUS complex operations database were extracted from its commenceme...

Recent experiments have shown that vacancy clusters are common defects in all types of monocrystalline brown diamond. This is believed to be due to an enhanced stability of the bounding 〈111〉 or 〈110〉 surfaces, arising from the formation of π-bonded chains. These chains lead to broad bands of gap states with acceptor and donor levels around Ev + 2...

The absorption spectrum of brown diamond is broad and featureless, in both natural type IIa and CVD-grown material. It is argued that such an absorption is due to an extended, rather than a point, defect. Ab-initio modelling studies have been conducted on dislocations and extended vacancy-related defects. While certain dislocations could potentiall...

We investigate both experimentally and theoretically, low-loss electron energy losses in brown type IIa monocrystalline diamonds both before and after high-temperature, high-pressure anneals which remove the brown colouration. We find additional losses within and near the band edge for brown diamond which are significantly reduced after treatment....

Ab Initio calculations, using density functional theory within the AIMPRO code, have been performed on bulk diamond and silicon in order to calculate the change in the dielectric constant due to strain, and hence the values of the photoelastic tensors. A combination of compressive and tensile strain has been applied to two atom unit cells of Si and...

Measurements of the absorption spectra of brown natural type IIa diamond as well as brown nitrogen-doped CVD diamond are reported. These are largely featureless and increase almost monotonically from about 1–5.5 eV. It is argued that the brown coloration is due to an extended defect and not to a point defect. First principles modeling studies demon...

A range of natural brown, colourless and HPHT-treated single crystal diamonds are analysed via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Graphitic inclusions are found only in specimens originating from diamonds with brown colour. The inclusion sizes range from slivers of around 50nm by 5-10nm, to regions around 10μm in diameter with undefined bounda...