Lukasz Wisniewski

• Doctor of Engineering
• Professor (Full) at Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences and Arts

Executable QR codes, also known as eQR codes or just sQRy, are a special kind of QR codes that embed programs conceived to run on mobile devices like smartphones. Since the program is directly encoded in binary form within the QR code, it can be executed even when the reading device is not provided with Internet access. The applications of this tec...

Predicting the behavior of a wireless link in terms of, e.g., the frame delivery ratio, is a critical task for optimizing the performance of wireless industrial communication systems. This is because industrial applications are typically characterized by stringent dependability and end-to-end latency requirements, which are adversely affected by ch...

Mobile robots are essential in various industries, with Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technology playing a crucial role in their autonomy. This work-in-progress paper lays the foundation for evaluating 2D LiDAR-based SLAM algorithms for implementation on a Clearpath Jackal robot in a smart factory environment. The study focuses on th...

Technologies for making devices communicate seamlessly over the air are expected to be adopted more and more in future digital ecosystems, including cyber-physical systems. In the latter case, machine-to-machine (M2M) interactions are often characterized by tight timing constraints. When communication takes place on shared and noisy media, timeline...

Integrity as one security objective is an important aspect for the adoption of the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) as a data exchange format and data source for data-driven services. Until now, the AAS offers an access control solution as a preventive integrity measure. Nevertheless, preventive methods lack detecting integrity violations due to ra...

Integrity as one property of trustworthiness is an important aspect for the adoption of the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) as a data exchange format and source for data driven services. Until now, the AAS offers an access control solution as a preventive integrity measure. Nevertheless, preventive methods lack in detecting integrity violations du...

A major benefit of Digital Twins is autonomous decision making. The concept of the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) enables an assets interaction in Industry 4.0 application scenarios and beyond. This article defines and validates implementation possibilities for proactive AASs by integrating their different types in an AAS infrastructure for an or...

To overcome boundaries in the cross-company data exchange, a new solution to use Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) for the transfer of data between asset supplier and the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) in a remote repository is proposed in this paper. A short introduction to the AAS and an analysis of DLT in industrial context is given and show...

Industrial applications in the era of Industry 4.0 require more flexibility for the integration of new sensors and actuators and also demand high mobility for which wired communication is unsuitable. For the integration of wireless communication systems in an industrial application, guaranteed high Quality of Services (QoSs) is a premise that is no...

The Asset Administration Shell (AAS) is a core element for Industrie 4.0. In addition, the security of industrial systems is a permanent topic that could be improved by the AAS and should have a high priority for future developments and implementations of the AAS. This paper evaluates the current threat landscape for Industrial Control Systems (ICS...

The recent trends in automation require a highly reliable communication in order to enable distributed controls in real-time applications. Time Sensitive Networking and 5G promise to provide the required Quality of Service for the wired and wireless communication, respectively. However, high reliability comes at the expense of a high configuration...

In order to ensure the safety and security of industrial systems with regard to all life cycle phases from development through operation to disposal, specific regulatory and normative requirements are imposed. Due to the digitalization, interconnection, and constantly increasing complexity of manufacturing systems in the context of Industrie 4.0, t...

The real and effective ground of all new concepts dedicated to the current advanced factories, as well as to the future digital ones, is close cooperativity of scattered applications in highly heterogeneous systems. Communication is the key enabling component, and all new approaches are inspired in practice to the demanding characteristics of indus...

Advancing digitalization, increasing networking and horizontal integration in logistics, production and operation of machines and products are leading to the transformation of classic value chains into interconnected value networks in which partners can seamlessly find and exchange relevant information. Machines, products, and processes receive the...

Industrial applications in the era of Industry 4.0 require more flexibility for the integration of new sensors and actuators and also demand high mobility for which wired communication is unsuitable. For the integration of wireless communication systems in an industrial application, guaranteed high Quality of Service (QoS) is a premise that is not...

To overcome boundaries in the cross-company data exchange, a new solution to use Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) for the transfer of data between asset supplier and the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) in a remote repository is proposed in this paper. A short introduction to the AAS and an analysis of DLT in industrial context is given and show...

The data driven services in industrial automation systems are transforming the world of automation industry by optimizing industrial processes and providing Value Added Services (VASs) with the grace of Industry 4.0, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI). A demand driven data pipeline is essential to connect different industrial data sources in...

Real-time behaviour is one of the most important aspects of field level automation networks in factory communication. Various Real-Time Ethernet (RTE) technologies have been developed over the years to cope with the network requirements like latency, Quality-of-Service (QoS), reliability etc. of the field level networks. Because of their nature of...

The advances in industrial automation systems rise more stringent demands for reliable and flexible communication. 5G and TSN have been discussed widely as promising candidates that fulfil these requirements. To take advantage of the combination of both of these technologies, an integration of 5G with TSN is part of the current work on the 5G speci...

Gaining added value from industrial data is a challenging process. It is often unknown which data is available, in what form and what it means. In addition, the infrastructure to integrate the data into appropriate services is often missing. Another challenge is the heterogeneity of solutions, technologies and infrastructure on the shop floor. This...

Driven by rapid digitalisation, production systems are becoming more flexible and adaptable with the help of emerging concepts like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0. Often, these transformations are not fully implemented in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) due to the replacement cost of existing machines. This paper aims to de...

The advent of Industry 4.0 brings the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) inside the factory premise and made the boundaries between the information and operational technologies (IT & OT) obsolete. This, in turn, introduces the problem of interoperability due to the integration of multiple industrial protocols and technologie...

This special section on heterogeneous industrial networks of the current and next-generation factories tackles a wide range of the issues mentioned above. Its main objective is both bringing together ideas from the worldwide research community about the directions in which the industrial networks’ development is headed and presenting the latest adv...

The fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) will provide capabilities for its utilization in the communication in production systems. For several technical and commercial reasons, complementing industrial wired and wireless communication technology by 5G is more likely than replacing them completely [WSJ17]. This paper sketches abstraction models...

The Release 16 will further improve the potential of the fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) for cyber-physical control applications in vertical domains. The paper shows a migration path for the 5G technology by integrating it into an industrial Ethernet based system as a network node. Specifically, a layer 2 integration into PROFINET is descr...

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) has revolutionized the industrial sectors around the world. Industry 4.0, a digitalization endeavour by the government of Germany for the factories of the future, aims to create intelligent, self-organized, and self-optimized smart factories by combining the IoT, cloud...

The upcoming fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) is supposed to enable innovation in industries like factory and process automation by addressing machine-type communication and its requirements of reliability and latency. However, 5G will not immediately fulfill all the requirements raising from industrial applications at reasonable costs. The...

Maintenance is an important set of various activities related to preserving from failure or decline. Improper or lack of maintenance may result in excessive component wear, production quality deterioration, or even longer downtime. However, today's production facilities strive to devote the least amount of necessary maintenance time in order to max...

Network connectivity in the current industrial sector is becoming more and more complex with the widespread adoption of diverse technologies to fulfill technical requirements. A complete overview of the network is not readily available and often not up-to-date due to the complex topology and heterogeneity in multi-vendor networks. Constraints like...

In this paper the end-to-end security mechanisms of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) as well as the Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) standard and the security related plugins within the Data Distribution Service (DDS) specification are analyzed and compared. The basic IT security requirements with regard to industrial applications are def...

Network connectivity is changing and becoming more complex as it grows to fulfill the current industrial needs. Complete network information is not readily available and often not up-to-date due to the difficulties arise from the complex topology. Further, it is strenuous to fetch information from a multivendor network with different devices. Thus,...

The fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) will provide capabilities for its utilization in the communication in production systems. For several technical and commercial reasons, complementing industrial wired and wireless communication technology by 5G is more likely than replacing them completely [WSJ17]. This paper sketches abstraction models...

Current manufacturing and production systems are becoming more flexible and adaptable. Such systems demand rapid changeover and short configuration time of machines. With the adaptation of IT systems in the automation industry, machines and devices will have self-descriptive semantic device data description to represent their data elements and serv...

In this paper, an alternative and new approach to embed sophisticated Internet of Things (IoT) functionality into consumer electronic devices has been proposed. The approach has been evaluated by implementing it into an electric kettle. The proposed concept includes a new communication architecture, data models as well as the possibility to create...

In contrast to the predecessors, the fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) will particularly address communication in production systems by providing machine-type communication and matching requirements regarding reliability and latency. However, 3GPP 5G will not be the one and only network technology that can be used to fulfill all the requirem...

The discovery process of OPC Unified Architecture (OPC-UA) is well defined but lacks flexibility when implemented in large networks. While the standard provides concepts for local and global discovery services, the core assumption is that all clients and servers are aware of the discovery server(s) in the network. This dependency is a barrier for P...

Inhalt (Auszüge…) Fertigungsautomation – Plant Lifecycle Management Multidimensionale Datenmodellierung und Analyse zur Qualitätssicherung in der Fertigungsautomatisierung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 B. Lindemann, N. Jazdi, M. Weyrich, Institut für Automatisierungstechnik und Softwar...

Der Begriff „Smart Meter Gateway“ (SMGW) wird dem Funktionsumfang des SMGW nur sehr bedingt gerecht. Zwar dient es als Gateway um die Daten von „Smart Metern“ sicher an den zuständigen Messstellenbetreiber zu leiten. Jedoch hat jedes SMGW zusätzlich auch eine Ethernet-Schnittstelle, welche eine Proxy-Funktionalität bereitstellt, über die es möglich...

In Germany, as of 2017, a new smart metering infrastructure based on high security and privacy requirements will be deployed. It provides interfaces to connect meters for different commodities, to allow end users to retrieve the collected measurement data, to connect to the metering operators, and to connect Controllable Local Systems (CLSs) that e...

The process of digitalisation has an advanced impact on social lives, state affairs, and the industrial automation domain. Ubiquitous networks and the increased requirements in terms of Quality of Service (QoS) create the demand for future-proof network management. Therefore, new technological approaches, such as Software-Defined Networks (SDN) or...

This paper describes an implementation to enable interaction between smart home solutions and Smart Meter Gateways (SMGWs). This is conducted in the example of the approach of the AnyPLACE project to interconnect openHAB with the HAN interface of the SMGW. Furthermore, security issues in the combination of those two realms are addressed, answered a...

Electrical and electronic systems have been getting raising importance for innovations in the automotive industry. Networking issues are a key factor in this process since they enable distributed control functions and user interaction bringing together nodes from different vendors. This paper analyses available and emerging network technologies for...

Nowadays, industrial networks are characterized by complex architectures of hybrid, wired and wireless segments, combining automation and information technology (IT). Their operation is supported by network management facilities. Network monitoring is a basis for management as it provides the necessary status information. This paper presents an app...

The following chapter deals with the communication reliability methods in TTEB systems. In section 4 a general overview about redundancy methods is provided and two main redundancy namely dynamic and static are distinguished. Section 4.2 provides deep insights into dynamic redundancy methods and highlights their limitations.

This chapter deals with the last step of the TTEB reconfiguration process that is an integration and activation of the newly calculated schedule into a system. A special focus is put on the fact that this process should not influence the currently running system in any case. In order to highlight all challenges and also to distinguish all necessary...

In this chapter the proposed concept to increase flexibility of static TTEB INSs is evaluated. Since the proposed approach consists of three main contributions described in chapters 3 - 5, the evaluation will be also divided into three main parts. However, without loosing the validity of the whole approach.

This chapter provides a general state of the art analysis that is relevant for this work. Section 2.1 gives an overview about the production systems and provides deep insights into NCSs build upon TTEB systems. Furthermore, in section 2.2 requirements in terms of real-time and reliability that have to be fulfilled by INS are discussed and summarise...

The aim of this dissertation is to increase flexibility of TTEB INSs by partly shifting the engineering process, including disjoint path search and communication scheduling to the field level. Since devices at this level have a limited processing power, the challenge is to develop algorithms and methods, which on one hand, have low time complexity,...

This chapter provides a state of the art analysis for one of the three main contributions of this work that is an efficient and simple scheduling approach. Section 3.1 gives an overview about relevant industrial network topologies. Since in this work only Ethernet based communication technologies are considered in section 3.2 the Ethernet standard...

Kurzfassung Die vorausschauende Instandhaltung (engl. Predictive Maintenance) gewinnt für die produzierende Industrie weltweit an Bedeutung, da Produktionsmodernisierungen im Rahmen der Industrie 4.0 sowie die zunehmende Verwendung von heterogenen Sensoreinheiten die Instandhaltungsplanung immer komplexer gestalten. Darüber hinaus ist das ServiceKo...

In this paper an investigation of the State of the Art of Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) is performed. Therefore the given industrial requirements, different wireless communication protocols , the defined basic architecture and open research questions will be analysed. Furthermore, current challenges from the research domain will be di...

Die Entwicklung der industriellen Kommunikation hat als Nachfolgetechnologie der Feldbustechnik über 20 Industrial Ethernet-Typen hervorgebracht. Mit PROFINET steht ein weit verbreitetes Protokoll zur Verfügung, das den Ethernet-Standard für die Prozessdatenübertragung nutzt. Bei PROFINET RT wird in Ethernet-Switches unabhängig von anderen Geräten...

Recent developments under the term Smart Grid change how users consume electricity and interact with the power grid. Smart metering and energy management are developments that transform the yet passive energy consumer to a participant that is actively involved in the energy market by using variable energy tariffs or by demand-response services. But...

Scheduling of time triggered communication systems belongs to the well known hard mathematical optimization problems. This paper tackles the communication scheduling problem in redundant network topologies, where the real-time process data has to be duplicated and sent on two different paths to its destination. This paper proposes an algorithm that...

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a promising approach to build future industrial networks. The disruptive change of network architecture and management opens new possibilities in various application domains. While the approach is already deployed in several domains and was also initially examined to be used in the industrial area, many open que...

In this paper an investigation of seamless integration of a TDMA communication schedule for the Time Triggered Ethernet Based (TTEB) Systems in performed. It is analysed how, from the hardware, software and protocol perspective, newly calculated schedule can be incorporated into a running TTEB system, without influencing running control loop. The i...

Today the term Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is omnipresent and many machine builders want to benefit from the advantages by integrating these new technologies e.g. OPC UA into their products. However, due to economic reasons, it is not feasible to exchange existing industrial production lines with the new I4.0-enabled technologies at once. Therefore, this p...

One of the key aspects to consider increasing flexibility of production plants is the industrial communication system. In case of time triggered Ethernet (TTE) systems, the flexibility is typically limited. In this paper an approach for seamless reconfiguration of TTE system is proposed. It has been shown that the reconfiguration can be performed w...

One of the most important requirements for the industrial networks, apart from the real-time capability, is the reliability. There are several methods that can be used to increase the communication reliability. One of them is data duplication, which is afterwards transmitted using two different (disjoint) paths. Since, such path search for time tri...

Today’s Information Technology applies a lot of Plug-and-Play mechanisms that help users an easy system handling. One example is the automatic IP address assignment using DHCP. PTP also defines Plug-and-Play technologies like Grand Master selection with the BMCA. For PTP based applications like motion control or distributed measurement systems the...

The evolution of industrial communication inexorably moves towards Ethernet based networks. One important reason for using Ethernet at the shop floor is to participate on the continuous advancements of standard Ethernet. In contradistinction to the star topology, used commonly in home and office networks, in the industrial automation most common ne...

In the future, production systems will consist of modular and flexible production components, being able to adapt to completely new manufacturing processes. This requirement arises from market turbulences caused by customer demands, i. e. highly customized goods in smaller production batches, or phenomenon like commercial crisis. In order to achiev...

Ein anspruchsvoller Anwendungsbereich für industrielle Echtzeit-Ethernetsysteme (RTE) stellt die schnelle Sensor/Aktorvernetzung dar. Hier stellen die Einfachheit der Implementierung und die erreichbaren Transferzeiten wichtige Kriterien dar. Darüber hinaus ist die Feldebene der Automatisierungstechnik durch die Verwendung von Linienstrukturen, sow...

today's market demands products with a high variety of configurations from the manufacturers. This causes the necessity of production line reconfiguration, allowing to add necessary equipment. Since, in some cases the whole communication has to be planned in advance, the communication planning needs to be performed again, whenever a network structu...

Nowadays the deployment and commissioning of complex production processes or Internet-enabled applications interacting with production systems requires a time consuming and error-prone manual system configuration process. This is due to the need to maintain a high level of determinism, safety, and security of the production process itself and avoid...

Scheduling of the communication in industrial net-works takes time. Since it has to be carried out every time a new network is brought to work, the time necessary to perform scheduling becomes a prominent factor. The approach presented in this paper, simplifies the schedul-ing problem of PROFINET IRT by resolving communica-tion conflicts by utiliza...

Due to several advantages, such as flexibility, increased mobility, and lower costs, the deployment of wireless technologies in factory automation systems is rapidly growing. However, current wireless technologies, e. g., IEEE802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), are not able to satisfy the requirements of industrial applications in terms of...

Nowadays there is a high demand to produce more, for a lower price and at the same time offer diversity of products. To achieve these aims, production lines need to be more flexible. The current network communications systems are dominated by the Ethernet technology and dedicated industrial protocols. Ethernet based industrial protocols have many a...