
Łukasz HardtUniversity of Warsaw | UW · Faculty of Economic Sciences
Łukasz Hardt
Dr hab., prof. UW
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83
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Publications (83)
Much has been written about Adam Smith’s economics, but one unanswered
question is whether his method of inquiry is a modelling approach. It is therefore
interesting to investigate to what extent Smith can be described as an economic
modeller. Such an investigation is presented in this paper. By studying elements
of modelling methods developed by t...
Na oddawaną w ręce Czytelnika pracę składa się dziesięć esejów. Rozpoczynają ją teksty dotyczące fundamentalnych kwestii z zakresu polityki pieniężnej, a więc jej strategii i w tym kontekście zjawiska inflacji. Następnie autor dzieli się refleksjami dotyczącymi znaczenia komunikacji banku centralnego dla skutecznej realizacji jego mandatu. Kolejny...
From among philosophical concepts of explanation those referring to causes have been the most influential. The aim of this paper it to show that a particular kind of causal explanations, namely dispositional explanations are particularly suited to explain the workings of the world. Apart from purely philosophical arguments, I claim that the view tr...
Więcej o książce pod adresem: http://www.ksiazkiekonomiczne.pl/art/show/323/jednorodnosc-czy-pluralizm-rozwazania-nad-natura-nauk-ekonomicznych-i-gospodarki
Jednym z przejawów współczesnych przemian w filozofii ekonomii jest wzmożone zainteresowanie modelowaniem jako osią działalności naukowej ekonomistów. To zagadnienie stało się także głównym obszarem tematycznym recenzowanej książki. Autorzy podejmują w niej próbę opracowania humanistycznego podejścia do modelowania ekonomicznego, wychodząc od anali...
The purpose of this essay is to show that the departure from the Walrasian branch of neoclassical economics could lead to conceptualization of economics as a humble science, i.e. a science that is aware of its explanatory capabilities, but also convinced that discovering unambiguous regularities is not possible. Humble economics does not claim the...
The paper explores the nature of economic models. It is claimed that accounting for it along the isolationism-constructivism line is untenable. A more integrated approach is needed, based on the pragmatist philosophical tradition, focussing rather on the modelling process than on the narrower notion of the model. This argument is backed by a case s...
Ekonomia neoklasyczna oparta jest na klasycznym utylitaryzmie - o wartości czynu (również dotyczącego konsumpcji dóbr) decyduje uzyskiwana z niego użyteczność. Z powodu wyboru tego właśnie fundamentu etycznego ekonomia jest często krytykowana. Głosy krytyki płyną m.in. od tych badaczy, którzy swoje rozstrzygnięcia etyczne sytuują w obszarze etyki c...
This paper does not focus neither on models nor on modelling procedures but rather on the nature of knowledge about the world models give us. It puts forward the thesis that models are producers of beliefs about their targets. These beliefs may differ both in degree and scope. They are offered by various kinds of models, including models understood...
Ekonomia neoklasyczna oparta jest na klasycznym utylitaryzmie - o wartości czynu (również dotyczącego konsumpcji dóbr) decyduje uzyskiwana z niego użyteczność. Z powodu wyboru tego właśnie fundamentu etycznego ekonomia jest często krytykowana. Głosy krytyki płyną m.in. od tych badaczy, którzy swoje rozstrzygnięcia etyczne sytuują w obszarze etyki c...
This paper focuses on the nature of economic laws. Rather than conceptualizing such laws in ceteris paribus terms, it claims that economic laws should be
read using ceteris normalibus clause, namely that they are only valid in normal
conditions. Two understandings of such conditions are proposed. First, economic laws are always true in appropriate...
This paper explores the ways Prof. A. Malawski understood the various kinds of interplay between economics, mathematics, and philosophy. In particular, it addresses the issue of the mathematicity of the economy and what it means for economics to be a mathematical science. Next, it focuses on the nature of economic laws. It concludes by claiming tha...
Presentation of my paper with the following abstract:
This paper does not focus neither on models nor on modelling procedures but rather on the nature of knowledge about the world models give us. It puts forward the thesis that models are producers of beliefs about their targets. These beliefs may differ both in degree and scope. They are offered...
This paper endeavours to interpret laws of economics as statements that are only valid under “normal” conditions. It starts out by referring to various problems in understanding scientific laws, including those governing economics, in ceteris paribus terms. Next, the author tries to demonstrate that difficulties in completing antecedents of these l...
Celem eseju jest analiza relacji pomiędzy rosnącym znaczeniem sektora finansowego a zjawiskiem ekonomizacji życia społecznego. W tekście stawia się tezę, że finansjalizacja jest m.in. skutkiem urynkowienia tych obszarów aktywności człowieka, które wcześniej wyjęte były spod oddziaływania mechanizmu rynkowego. Ponadto, finansjalizacji sprzyjają zmia...
Tomasz Kwarciński, Agnieszka Wincewicz-Price oraz Krzysztof Nowak-Posadzy z Zakładu Metaekonomii przy dawnym Instytucie Badań Rynku, Konsumpcji i Koniunktur-Państwowym Instytucie Badawczym przeprowadzili wywiad z dr. hab. Łukaszem Hardtem, członkiem Rady Polityki Pieniężnej, kierownikiem Katedry Ekonomii Politycznej na Wydziale Nauk Ekonomicznych U...
Celem artykułu jest interpretacja praw ekonomicznych jako stwierdzeń odnoszących się do warunków normalnych. Punktem wyjścia tekstu jest przedstawienie problemów związanych z rozumieniem praw naukowych, w tym ekonomicznych, w ka-tegoriach ceteris paribus. Następnie analiza biegnie w kierunku wykazania, że trudności m.in. związane z dopełnieniem pra...
This book offers a vision of economics in which there is no place for universal laws of nature, and even for laws of a more probabilistic character. The author avoids interpreting the practice of economics as something that leads to the formulation of universal laws or laws of nature. Instead, chapters in the book follow the method of contemporary...
The goal of this chapter is to show how economists explain by using models of economic phenomena. Hardt tries to overcome the dichotomical divide between conceptualizing models as isolations and constructions. This is done by introducing the idea of economic models as believable worlds; precisely, descriptions of mechanisms that refer to the essent...
Hardt argues that not only can mathematics be applied in various types of explanations but also that mathematics alone can explain. He thus asks, “To what extent are economic explanations distinctively mathematical?” By such explanations he qualifies reasoning of the following kind: why can somebody not distribute, for instance, 23 objects among 3...
Hardt investigates how economists from Adam Smith to Alfred Marshall understood the nature of economic laws. In particular, the author focuses on the issue of whether these laws were claimed to be general and universal or just context dependent. This chapter starts by presenting Smith’s arguments for and against universality of economic laws. The a...
The chapter shows how economists explain by citing causes of economic phenomena. It starts by scrutinizing various philosophical theories of causation and then puts focus on Nancy Cartwright’s insights concerning the nature of causal processes. Hardt thus subscribes to Cartwright’s claim that knowledge is not knowledge of laws but knowledge of the...
This chapter shows how science, including economics, has moved away from explaining by subsuming empirical phenomena under general laws towards more model-oriented approaches. Therefore, the author gives arguments for the possibility of economics without laws. ‘The demise of laws in economics’ thus shows how models can be treated as producers of co...
The focus of the paper is on investigating the nature of economic models. Although they are often fictitious descriptions of the actual world, it is shown that models can grasp the workings of economic systems. They do this by illuminating (isolating) the crucial mechanisms responsible for economic phenomena. However, the model material is distinct...
Czym jest filozofia ekonomii? Dlaczego ekonomiści interesują się filozofią?
Jaka jest natura modeli ekonomicznych? Czy teorie ekonomiczne są wolne od sądów wartościujących?
To jedne z ważniejszych pytań poruszanych w książce, która jest zbiorem tekstów poświęconych filozoficznej refleksji nad ekonomią jako nauką, w szczególności historii związków...
Czym jest filozofia ekonomii? Dlaczego ekonomiści interesują się filozofią? Jaka jest natura modeli ekonomicznych? Czy teorie ekonomiczne są wolne od sądów wartościujących?
To jedne z ważniejszych pytań poruszanych w książce, która jest zbiorem tekstów poświęconych filozoficznej refleksji nad ekonomią jako nauką, w szczególności historii związków...
My purpose is to appraise the recent critique of theoretical economics by applying the methodological perspective. Therefore, I start by identifying the main lines of criticism raised against theoretical economics in the aftermath of the post-2008 global economic crisis: namely, the voices criticizing economics for its unrealistic models, excessive...
Some questions about the nature of economics are raised, e.g., the one whether economics can give us universal laws describing the workings of the market. The discussion here presented refers also to the debate on the state of the economic theory in the wake of the recent global financial crises. The paper concludes that economics is unable to give...
Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to show that metaphors play an important role in the making of economics.
Design/methodology/approach
– The paper’s discussion is situated within the framework of methodology of economics. It refers to recent studies on the role of metaphors in economics, as well as to the rhetoric – realism controversy (e.g. D....
The paper conceptualizes economic models as metaphors. It presents two different approaches to economic modeling. In the first one, economic models are treated as isolations which aim at representing the real world. In the second, they are conceptualized according to various philosophical approaches that are close to fictionalism. The aim of such m...
The paper focuses on the method on ontological unification in economics. It briefly reviews the literature dealing with various understandings of unificationist projects in economics. Next it put emphasis on some interesting issues concerning the method of unification that are out of the ordinary treatment in the literature. Therefore, the paper de...
The paper reviews 'The Economics of Good and Evil' book by T. Sedlacek. We conclude that this is a really valuable book, which interestingly reconstructs the history of economic ideas. However, we also point out that the book has some shortcomings while discussing methodological issues in economics, e.g., the issue of unrealistic assumptions in eco...
Nowadays we observe a consensus in the development literature that the quality of governance matters for economic development. Therefore, many postulate the implementation of good governance principle, however, that very idea is not well defined and conceptualized. This paper offers some insights into the way that concept can be better understood....
The article poses the question of whether realistic economic models must be based on realistic assumptions. The first section clarifies the understanding of the role and nature of the assumptions in economic theory, as well as the importance of the notion of their realisticness. Next, we refer to the Friedman's 1953 paper The Methodology of Positiv...
The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we offer a methodological reflection on how the explanatory virtues of economic theories can be assessed in a systematic way. Second, we use that theoretical apparatus to study the explanatory virtues of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE, henceforth). Precisely, we are primarily interested in assessing the pro...
In this paper we investigate the interplay between regulatory and monetary policies. We analyze how changes in institutional settings modify the functioning of various channels of monetary transmission. The paper begins with a brief presentation of the main channels of monetary transmission, including credit channel, exchange rate channel, Tobin q...
Badacze z dziedziny nauk społecznych są zgodni co do znaczenia
instytucji dla sprawnego funkcjonowania systemu społeczno-gospodarczego.
Dlatego też wielu autorów twierdzi, że podstawami
dla długoterminowego wzrostu gospodarczego są takie czynniki jak
demokratyczne i przejrzyste instytucje państwa, odpowiedzialna
administracja publiczna, otwarte spo...
There is a widespread consensus among social scientists that
institutions do matter for the efficient functioning of the socioeconomic
system. Therefore, numerous authors claim that the
fundamental factors for long-run economic growth are: a democratic
and transparent state, an accountable public administration, inclusive
society, and an efficient...
The paper focuses on possible scenarios of EU CAP reforms after 2013. It uses linguistic analysis in order to analyze the discourse of EU Agriculture commissioners. One of the conclusions of the paper is that one of the main catalyst of EU CAP reform discussion is the issue of climate change. We offer also some insights from the Polish perspective...
The aim of this paper is to investigate the current debate on the state of economics from a methodological perspective. We claim that the majority of contributions criticizing modern economics are not based on clear methodological principles and thus many of them are not correct. We show this with respect to such issues as the problem of realisticn...
The article describes the process of the growing plurality of modern economics. It is argued that one of the main stimuli of that change was the growing popularity of transaction cost economics which eased the entry into mainstream economics of what previously had been present only in heterodox economics. After providing a definition of theoretical...
Tomasz Grzegorz Grosse, dr hab., docent w Instytucie Stu-diów Politycznych PAN. Ekspert Instytutu Spraw Publicznych w Warszawie i Fundacji " Pro Oeconomia ". Specjalizuje się w tematyce polityk gospodarczych UE i zarządzaniu w admini-stracji publicznej. Ostatnio opublikował m.in.: Europa na roz-drożu, ISP, Warszawa 2008. Łukasz Hardt, dr nauk ekono...
The emergence of transaction cost economics (TCE) in the early 1970s with Oliver Williamson’s successful reconciliation of the socalled neoclassical approach with Herbert Simon’s organizational theory can be considered an important part of the first cognitive turn in economics. The development of TCE until the late 1980s was particularly marked by...
Działania z zakresu rozwoju obszarów wiejskich (ROW) realizowane są zarówno w ramach tzw. II filaru wspólnej polityki rolnej UE (WPR), jak i programów finansowanych ze środków polityki spójności. Kwestia wyboru sposobu realizowania polityki ROW nabiera pierwszorzędnego znaczenia w sytuacji obecnej debaty nad zmianami WPR. Dyskusja ta stymulowana je...
Niniejsza praca przedstawia historię powstania i rozwoju ekonomii kosztów transakcyjnych (EKT). Istotnym elementem książki jest rekonstrukcja procesu powstania nazwy „koszt transakcyjny”. Celem pracy jest zarówno wyjaśnienie wewnętrznej logiki rozwoju EKT, jak też pokazanie czynników, które rozwój ten stymulowały. Realizacja pierwszego z zamierzeń...
Transaction cost economics (TCE) is a multidimensional research program which takes its origin from contributions made by Hicks (1935), Coase (1937), Alchian and Demsetz (1972). Therefore, TCE can be divided into three complementary domains: exchange branch, governance branch and measurement branch. The first one deals with the costs of making tran...
W artykule przedstawiono rozwój teorii ekonomii kosztów transakcyjnych oraz ich
odniesienie do instytucji. Od początku rozwoju tej teorii pojawiła się kontrowersja co do
sposobu ich ekonomicznej interpretacji. W latach siedemdziesiątych zaproponowano nowe
rozumienie tych kosztów. Takie podejście dało początek nowej ekonomii instytucjonalnej.
Au...
Questions
Question (1)
I am particularly interested in insights from philosophy of science.