Luiz Fernando Martins Kruel

Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul | UFRGS · LAPEX - Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício

To compare the acute effects of aquatic walking/running versus dry-land walking/running on blood glucose and plasma renin activity (PRA) in individuals with type 2 diabetes, participants with type 2 diabetes performed deep-water or dry-land walking and/or running sessions in a swimming pool or on an athletics track, respectively. Both sessions comp...

Background: To compare the effects of aquatic aerobic and combined training on neuromuscular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to an aerobic aquatic training (AERO), a combined aquatic training (COMBI) or a procedure control (CON) three weekly for 15 weeks. The sessions were 50 minu...

Abstract: Vertical ground reaction force of the water-based exercise frontal kick performed by women: age effects Background: Increasing knowledge about the forces that act in different aquatic exercises in women of different ages is important for a more effective and individualized prescription. Goals: To compare the vertical ground reaction force...

The home advantage is very consolidated in the literature. The aim of this research was to evaluate the behavior of heart rate variability (HRV), perceived recovery status (PRS) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and vertical jumps performance in professional volleyball athletes in home and away matches. Nine male professional volleyball athlet...

Vertical jump is an important skill that influences volleyball performance. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between vertical jump performance and birth quartile of Brazilian male youth volleyball players. We calculated chi-square goodness-of-fit tests to compare the athletes' birthdate distributions in quarters of their birth years (Q1,...

Vertical jump is an important skill that influences volleyball performance. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between vertical jump performance and birth quartile of Brazilian male youth volleyball players. We calculated chi-square goodness-of-fit tests to compare the athletes' birthdate distributions in quarters of their birth years (Q1,...

This study verified the diagnostic accuracy of the nutritional status classified by the international height and BMI references of the World Health Organization (WHO/2007), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF/2012), and MULT (2023). The data pool was composed by 22,737 subjects aged five to 16 years old from the Santos and Porto Alegre surveys....

A prática profissional do futebol feminino no Brasil vem se expandindo. Essa expansão incentivou a surgimento de categorias de base nas equipes. Com isso, investigar a diferença entre o perfil das jogadoras profissionais e das categorias de base se torna importante para realizar uma melhor transição entre as categorias. Assim, o objetivo do estudo...

Purpose: While exercise recovery may be beneficial from a physiological point of view, it may be detrimental to subsequent anaerobic performance. To investigate the energetic responses of water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequences on subsequent anaerobic performance, a randomized and controlled cro...

Abstract The evolution of female soccer is related to the increase in high-intensity actions and choosing the abilities that best characterize the players' performance. Determining the capabilities that best describe the players' performance becomes essential for coaches and technical staff to obtain the results more efficiently within the competit...

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar as respostas neuromusculares dos extensores e flexores do punho e dedos entre quatro pegadas da escalada indoor. Doze homens (33,00±8,30 anos), praticantes de escalada indoor, foram submetidos a uma preparação da pele para a coleta do sinal eletromiográfico (EMG) dos músculos flexor radial do carpo (FRC) e extensor...

We aimed to analyse the relationship of peak torque (PT) of the knee extensors (Ext) and flexors (Fle) with age, and the relationship between conventional ratio and age progression in volleyball players. A total of 41 elite male volleyball players (age: 25.0 ± 6.1 years, body mass: 93.0 ± 9.8 kg, height: 198.0 ± 6.8 cm) were evaluated in a isokinet...

Introduction: Based on the inverse relationship between the amount of weight lifted and the maximum number of repetitions (RM) performed, the intensity prescription method based on a percentage of maximum strength (%1RM) has been widely used in different populations, including older adults. However, considerable inter-individual variability in RM p...

While an exercise recovery method may be beneficial from a physiological point of view, it may be detrimental to subsequent anaerobic performance. To investigate the energetic responses of water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequences on subsequent anaerobic performance. A randomized and controlled cro...

For male soccer players, the anthropometric profile and physical performance is already known but in women it is not well documented, the knowledge of these differences can qualify the training. Therefore, the aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to compare the anthropometric profile and physical fitness of Brazilian professional female and male soc...

Background: To compare the effects of aquatic aerobic and combined (aerobic more resistance) training on glycemic control and other cardiometabolic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Patients were randomized to an aquatic aerobic training (AERO, n = 19; 57.5 [7.4] y; 9 [47%] women), or an aquatic combined training (COMBI, n = 19...

The objective of this study was to identify parameters that best discriminate between selected and non-selected players for the Brazilian under-19 men’s volleyball team and propose mathematical models to identify high-performance players. To this end, 18 selected (16.89±0.96 years) and 138 non-selected (16.91±0.74 years) players for the under-19 te...

The evolution of its rules has made the demands of different court in-game role more specific in terms of skills. However, it is unclear whether players in the U19 men's volleyball already have specifics according to their in-game role. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the training profiles, anthropometric profiles, and physical performan...

Abstract Background: Physiological parameters can be objectively measured for controlling and quantifying physical activity levels. Aims: This study aimed to systematically review the literature on volleyball athletes’ profile regarding heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV). Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Embase and SportDiscus databases were searched...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a training session with and without an intervention of postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) on countermovement jump (CMJ) height, perceived recovery status (PRS), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs), followed by a specific volleyball training session. The sample consisted of s...

Purpose: The authors aimed to compare the effects of 4 weeks jump versus complex training methods on lower limb muscle power and maximal isokinetic torque of knee extensors and flexors in elite male volleyball players. Methods: Sixteen male volleyball players were allocated into 2 groups, jump training (n = 8; 27.0 [5.7] y, 94.3 [7.6] kg) and co...

Background Attempting to maintain intensity in subsequent games and training has led many players and coaches to look for ways to accelerate the recovery of soccer players. Among the methods used, cold water immersion is believed to be effective in improving recovery after training or intense games, but there is no consensus on this. Objective The...

The aim of this research was to evaluate the behavior of vertical jumps performance in professional volleyball athletes during matches and training and their relationships with fatigue and recovery through heart rate variability (HRV), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived recovery status (PRS). Nine male professional volleyball athlete...

O futebol feminino está crescendo no Brasil e estudos que avaliem o desempenho físico das atletas permitem criar parâmetros para a modalidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever as variáveis dos saltos verticais em atletas de futebol feminino e realizar a comparação entre atletas defensivas e ofensivas. A amostra foi constituída de 16 atle...

The objective of the present study was to describe the total and fragmented external loads, at different intensities, of soccer referees in European and South American competitions during official matches through a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. A systematic review was conducted in April, 2020. In all, 32 studies we...

Background: Based on the need to investigate the demands imposed on referees in the current model of physical evaluation and during professional games, this study's objective was to compare these demands in the physical test versus the games. Methods: Thus, it evaluated the heart rate, distance covered, time, and speed of all 14 referees in the...

Objective: This study compares the performance demanded from central referees and soccer assistants during professional games before and after the quarantine of COVID-19 during the same competition. Equipment and methods: Ten central referees and 19 assistants were monitored. Using a watch with Global Positioning System technology and a heart rate...

Background: Statin use is highlighted as the most commonly utilized therapy for the treatment of dyslipidemias and can be considered as the most efficient pharmacological intervention for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) reduction. On the other hand, physical training can be considered an efficient and safe non-pharmacological strategy to promote imp...

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of training using loads from a repetition maximum value (%1RM) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in elderly women. Methods: Twenty-five elderly women (60–75 years old) were randomly assigned to a group that trained using loads determined by 1RM test (G%; n = 12) or to a group that tra...

Background: The present study aimed to systematically review the literature on the effects of physical training on neuromuscular parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: The PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases were accessed in September 2020. Clinical trials that evaluated the effects of physical training...

O crescimento da população idosa ressalta a importância da investigação sobre os efeitos do envelhecimento no sistema musculoesquelético. O objetivo desse estudo foi discutir sobre a terminologia da sarcopenia e da dinapenia, bem como revisar as adaptações do músculo esquelético ao envelhecimento e ao treinamento de força. A busca eletrônica foi co...

Objetivo. Evaluar las respuestas en la tensión arterial (TA) aguda en mujeres hipertensas durante la práctica de sesiones de gimnasia aeróbica acuática continuas (CON) y a intervalos (INT) y 20 minutos después de realizarlas. Método. Nueve mujeres hipertensas tratadas (61.22 ± 2.91 años, con índice de masa corporal 28.70 ± 4.45 kg.m-2) realizaron...

The main objective of this study is to propose a form of walking/running protocol that is capable of evaluating energy expenditure at different types of slopes, considering the same relative intensities (iso-intensity conditions), as well as to assess biomechanical and hemodynamic factors that may be associated. 11 obese adult men (BMI between 30 k...

The regular practice of physical exercise, primarily aerobic, has been recommended as a component of the non-pharmacological treatment for dyslipidemias. However, there is a lack of studies in the literature comparing the acute effects of different aerobic exercise models (continuous and interval) on triglycerides concentrations. The purpose of the...

O conhecimento sobre como a estruturação dos pequenos jogos pode alterar o desempenho técnico e tático dos jogadores de futebol, permitindo que o treinador escolha a estrutura mais coerente com o seu objetivo. Sendo assim, objetivo da presente revisão sistemática de literatura foi reunir estudos que analisaram efeitos de diferentes estratégias de m...

We systematically reviewed observational and clinical trials (baseline) studies examining differences in gait parameters between Parkinson’s disease (PD) in on-medication state and healthy control. Four electronic databases were searched (November-2018 and updated in October-2020). Independent researchers identified studies that evaluated gait para...

This study compared the effects of using continuous and interval aerobic exercise during concurrent training on cardiorespiratory adaptations in women. Thirty-two participants were randomly assigned into one of the following groups: continuous running and resistance training (C-RUN, n = 10), interval running and resistance training (I-RUN, n = 11),...

Berriel, GP, Schons, P, Costa, RR, Oses, VHS, Fischer, G, Pantoja, PD, Kruel, LFM, and Peyré-Tartaruga, LA. Correlations between jump performance in block and attack and the performance in official games, squat jumps, and countermovement jumps of professional volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The jump used in performance...

Studies show that, in the short term, water-based aerobic training (WAT) promotes the same strength gains as water-based concurrent training (WCT). In addition, it is known that some training progression strategy must be employed after the first weeks of training in order to continue stimulating neuromuscular gains. The aim of this paper was to com...

Introduction The aim of the present study was to verify the effects of a Pilates training on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, as well as on functionality of postmenopausal women with dyslipidemia. Method This randomized study invo...

Background: There are a lack of clinical trials with suitable methodological quality that compare aquatic exercise training types in type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment. This study aimed to compare the effects of aerobic and combined aquatic training on cardiorespiratory outcomes in patients with T2D. Methods: Untrained patients with T2D were random...

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of three water-based training on blood pressure (BP) in older women. A total of 57 participants were randomized into the following groups: (a) aerobic training (AT), (b) concurrent training in which resistance training progresses to the use of resistive equipment (CTRE), and (c) concurrent training in...

Background: Training load and adequate recovery have been identified as essential elements to improve well-being and performance in team sports and avoid non-functional overreaching and overtraining. Objective: This cohort study sought to analyze the stress and recovery perceptions, creatine kinase levels (CK), and vertical jump performance of v...

Objectives The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of supervised exercise on total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein adaptations in children and adolescents. Additionally, we aimed to know the possible moderators of exercise effects. News Eligible studies that evaluated the eff...

The purpose of the present study was to analyze vertical ground reaction force (Fz) and oxygen uptake (VO2) responses in six different water-based exercises performed at different cadences by postmenopausal women. Twelve postmenopausal women (57.3 ± 2.6 years, 158.1 ± 6.9 cm, 69.1 ± 10.9 kg) voluntarily took part in the study. Participants complete...

Objectives: To evaluate the acute effects of a session of water-based aerobic exercise on the blood lipid levels of women with dyslipidemia and to compare these results according to their training status. Method: Fourteen premenopausal women with dyslipidemia, aged 40-50 years, participated in two water-based aerobic exercise sessions, the first...

The aim of the present study was to analyze acute glycemic effects in different moments of an aerobic training, as well as to analyze the chronic effect of training, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The participants performed 16 weeks of interval aerobic training with three weekly sessions. The main part of each session consisted of...

Resumen El entrenamiento de fuerza en el medio acuático (WRT) aumenta la fuerza de mayores sedentarios. Sin embargo, no se sabe si esta modalidad promueve ganancias de fuerza en mayores entrenados. Además, como todos los estudios existentes compararon el grupo WRT con el grupo control, aún no se sabe cuál es la mejor estrategia WRT para promover ga...

Background: Aerobic training (AT) improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the role of the progression of training variables remains unclear. The objective of this review was to analyze the effects of progressive AT (PAT) and non-progressive AT (NPAT) on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Met...

O envelhecimento está relacionado à mudanças estruturais e funcionais do corpo humano, podendo ocasionar alterações no estado emocional e na qualidade de vida (QV). Exercícios físicos, de diferentes modalidades, podem promover melhoras na QV, no entanto, não está claro o quanto diferentes modalidades podem promover diferentes efeitos. Além disso, a...

O envelhecimento está relacionado à mudanças estruturais e funcionais do corpo humano, podendo ocasionar alterações no estado emocional e na qualidade de vida (QV). Exercícios físicos, de diferentes modalidades, podem promover melhoras na QV, no entanto, não está claro o quanto diferentes modalidades podem promover diferentes efeitos. Além disso, a...

Background: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regressions evaluating the effects of isolated strength training (ST), compared with a control group, on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), C-reactive protein (CRP), and adiponectin of adults....

Aim: The aim of the present study was to verify the agreement between the ventilatory method (VT) and the alternative method of heart rate deflection point (HRDP) in determining the anaerobic threshold (AT) during incremental treadmill test in dyslipidaemic patients. Methods: Twenty-seven dyslipidaemic patients (61.50 ± 10.46 years) performed an in...

Background: Regular exercise is recommended for the treatment of dyslipidemia. The aquatic environment presents some beneficial characteristics for patients suffering from dyslipidemia. However, it is unknown which modality promotes better results. This study aims to compare the effects of water-based aerobic training (WA) and water-based resistanc...

Purpose The study aimed to verify the influence of aerobic training environment on pain, disability, and oxygen uptake in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods The randomized study involved 14 patients of both sexes, with chronic low back pain. One group performed deepwater walking/running and the other practised land walking/running, both...

Purpose: To compare the effects of three water-based resistance trainings on neuromuscular parameters of older women. Method: Thirty-six women were randomized to groups: simple set of 30 seconds (1 × 30 s, 66.41 ± 4.71 years, n = 12), multiple sets of 10 seconds (3 × 10 s, 66.50 ± 4.74 years, n = 11), and simple set of 10 seconds (1 × 10 s, 65.2...

Purpose: To analyze the agreement between the velocity, heart rate, and oxygen uptake values corresponding to second ventilatory threshold and glycemic threshold in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Twenty-four untrained patients (55.1 ± 8.9 years) were evaluated. Three different parameters of training intensity corresponding to anaerobic thr...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of water-based aerobic exercises on the performance of water-based resistance exercises by assessing kinematic parameters during protocols and neuromuscular responses after them. Method: Ten women performed 2 water-based protocols (i.e., resistance and concurrent water-based...

To compare the acute effects of different intra-session exercise sequences and aerobic exercise modalities during concurrent training sessions on oxygen consumption (VO2) and energy expenditure (EE) in young women. Eleven young women volunteered to participate in this study and underwent tests of their dynamic strength and a maximal incremental tes...

Exercitar-se na água é uma prática constatada há vários séculos, embora seja recente sua realização de forma sistemática e planejada. A literatura científica é ampla no estudo dos efeitos do treinamento aeróbico aquático, tendo investigado diferentes modalidades. Nas últimas décadas têm ganhado relevância os estudos que avaliam treinamentos aquátic...

Background Meta-analyses have shown that land training (LT) reduces blood pressure; however, it is not known whether aquatic training (AT) promotes this same effect. Objective The aim was to conduct a meta-analysis on the effects of AT on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in adults and elderly and compare them to tho...

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of water-based aerobic training and water-based resistance training on muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in older women. Sixty-nine individuals were randomized into the following three groups: the water-based aerobic training (WA, n = 23) group, the water-based resistance trainin...

Background: Water-based resistance training (WRT) has been indicated to promote strength gains in elderly population. However, no study has compared different training strategies to identify the most efficient one. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 3 WRT strategies on the strength and functional capacity of older women. Methods:...

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of water-based aerobic training on the lipid profile and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) levels in premenopausal women with dyslipidemia. Method: Forty women were randomly assigned to: aquatic training (WA; n = 20) or a control group (CG; n = 20). The WA group underwent 12 weeks of water-based interv...

Background/Objective: Aging causes a loss of functional fitness, which reduces the ability of the elderly to accomplish their daily life activities, affecting their quality of life. To overcome this scenario, exercise is indicated. It is important to know which training environment promotes greater quality of life and functional fitness. The aim of...

Introduction: The time that adolescents spend in front of some screen as TV, computer, video games and mobile phones, has been considered a risk factor for obesity and non-communicable chronic diseases.Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of two types of low impact training on the screen time and the BMI of overweight adolescents.Methods: Sixty-...

Atualmente tem crescido o número de crianças com excesso de peso, implicando no aparecimento precoce de diabetes tipo 2 e hipertensão. Para prevenir isso, o exercício físico de baixo impacto pode ser uma alternativa segura e eficaz, podendo ser realizado tanto em meio aquático como em meio terrestre. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou analisar o ef...

Pôster apresentado no XI Congresso Brasileiro de Atividade Física e Saúde.

Objectives: To compare the effects of two aerobic training models in water and on dry-land on quality of life, depressive symptoms and sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Methods: Thirty-five patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to aquatic aerobic training group (n=17) or dry-land...