Luisa Villa

• University of São Paulo

Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Although OPC incidence is increasing globally, knowledge of oral HPV infection rates is limited. Here we carried out an observational epidemiological analysis of oral HPV incidence in 3,137 men enrolled from the United States, Mexico and Brazil between 2005 and 2009. Ind...

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) of the genus Betapapillomavirus can infect both cutaneous and mucosal sites, but research on their natural history at mucosal sites remains scarce. We examined the risk factors and co‐detection patterns of HPVs of the Betapapillomavirus and Alphapapillomavirus genera in cervical samples of the Ludwig‐McGill cohort study...

Background: Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16) non-A lineage variants have higher carcinogenic potential for cervical cancer. HPV-16 variants natural history among males is not established. We evaluated HPV-16 variants prevalence and persistence in the external genitalia of men enrolled in the prospective HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study. Methods:...

Introduction: We assessed the incidence and risk factors for first detection and redetection with the same human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype, and prevalence of cytological lesions during HPV redetections. Methods: The Ludwig-McGill cohort study followed women aged 18-60 years from São Paulo, Brazil in 1993-1997 for up to 10 years. Women provid...

This poster describes logistical issues related to implementing a randomized, double- blinded, placebo-controlled Phase III interventional trial on the nine-valent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) among cisgender men and transgender women living with HIV, at the Mexico site. The trial seeks to demonstrate that 9vHPV reduces the incidence of persistent oral HPV...

The poor prognosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with metastasis within the lymph nodes (LNs). Herein, the proteome of 140 multisite samples from a 59-HNC patient cohort, including primary and matched LN-negative or -positive tissues, saliva, and blood cells, reveals insights into the biology and potential metastasis biomarkers that m...

Introduction We assessed the incidence of redetection with the same human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype, predictors of first HPV detections and redetections, and prevalence of cytological lesions during HPV redetections. Methods The Ludwig-McGill cohort study followed women aged 18-60 years from São Paulo, Brazil in 1993-1997 for up to 10 years. W...

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary cause for cervical cancer, but the majority of genital HPV infections clear spontaneously. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphism influences immune response and genetic susceptibility, and its association with cervical cancer was extensively investigated, but few reports focused o...

Penile cancer (PeC) is a rare disease, and no prognostic biomarkers have been adopted in clinical practice yet. The objective of the present study was to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) and genes (DEGs) as potential biomarkers for lymph node metastasis and other prognostic factors in PeC. Tumor samples were prospectively obtained...

Rates of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are increasing in men. The obligate precursor to OPC is a persistent infection with an oncogenic HPV type that is unable to be cleared via natural immunity alone. However, the factors that influence HPV persistence at the oral cavity are unknown. It is plausibl...

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) incidence is increasing among men. Biomarkers that can identify oral HPV16/18 infections likely to persist, the obligate precursor for HPV-OPC, are needed. Methods We assessed the association between oral Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and oral HPV16/18 persistence among 63 men in...

Background: Previous studies show an association between smoking and anal cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the association between smoking and anal HPV prevalence, incidence and persistence in men. Methods: The HPV infection in Men (HIM) Study is a multinational study that enrolled HIV-negative men. At baseline and follow-up vis...

Background : HPV-16 causes approximately 90% of anal canal (AC) cancers worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and persistence of HPV-16 genetic variants in the AC of men from three different countries (Brazil, Mexico and United States) and to further identify sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with these infections....

Background The interplay between vaginal microbiome and human papillomavirus (HPV) remains unclear, partly due to heterogeneity of the microbiota. Methods We used data from 546 women enrolled in a cross-sectional study conducted in five Brazilian regions. We genotyped vaginal samples for HPV and sequenced V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene for vaginal...

The poor prognosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with the presence of metastasis within the lymph nodes (LNs). Herein, the proteome of 140 multisite samples from a 59-HNC patient cohort, including primary and matched LN-negative or -positive tissues, saliva, and blood cells, reveals insights into the biology and potential metastasis b...

Background Previous studies show an association between smoking and anal cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the association between smoking and anal HPV prevalence in men. Methods The HPV infection in Men (HIM) Study is a multinational study that enrolled HIV-negative men. At baseline anal specimens were collected from 1994 particip...

Background The development of efficient strategies for managing high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV)–positive women is a major challenge when human papillomavirus–based primary screening is being performed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of HR‐HPV testing based on self‐collection (SC) and HR‐HPV testi...

Background: Studies in women have shown an increased risk of HIV acquisition with prior HPV infection; however, few studies have been conducted among men. Our objective was to assess whether HPV-related external genital lesions (EGLs) increase risk of HIV seroconversion among men. Methods: A total of 1379 HIV-negative men aged 18-70 years from t...

Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with increasing rates of HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) in men. Sequential infection from one site to another has been demonstrated at the cervix and anus. Thus, risk of an oral HPV infection after a genital infection of the same type in the HPV infection in men study was investigated. Sample...

Objectives To estimate the seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), herpes simplex type-2 (HSV2), hepatitis C (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and nine human papilloma virus (HPV) types, and investigated factors associated with the seropositivity among men from three countries (Brazil, Mexico and U.S). Methods Archived serum specimens collecte...

In head and neck cancer (HNC), some subsites are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, whereas others are unrelated. Although studies have demonstrated the heterogeneity of HPV prevalence worldwide, its impacts on incidence trends in HNC are unknown. This systematic review examined the incidence trends for HPV-related HNC subsites,...

Cervical cancer is 5 times more likely among women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WHIV), likely due to higher prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV). Despite evidence of higher rates with multiple HPV genotypes in WHIV, there are no recommendations for triage by HPV genotyping specific to WHIV. In Latin America/Caribbean rates are high...

We examined human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness in a nationwide sample of women aged 16 to 25 years who utilized the public health system in Brazil. This was a cross-sectional, multicentric survey conducted between September 2016 and November 2017 (POP-Brazil Study). A total of 5,945 young adult women were recruited from 119 public pri...

The aim of this study is to evaluate genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection according to socioeconomic categories in Brazil. This cross-sectional, nationwide study included 7,694 sexually active women and men aged 16-25 years. Individuals of all socioeconomic groups in all 26 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District were enrolled through p...

Background The extensive alveolar capillary network of the lungs is an attractive route for the administration of several agents. One key functional attribute is the rapid onset of systemic action due to the absence of first-pass metabolism. Methods Here, we applied a combinatorial approach for ligand-directed pulmonary delivery as a unique route...

Background HPV attributable oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) incidence is increasing in many high-income countries among men. Factors associated with oral HPV persistence, the precursor of HPV-OPC, is unknown. Data from the HPV Infection in Men (HIM) study which followed participants >7 years were utilized to examine rates of persistence and associat...

Background HPV causes oral warts and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). HPV-attributable OPC incidence among men is significantly increasing worldwide yet few studies have reported oral HPV across multiple countries or examined factors associated with low and high-risk HPV separately. Methods Oral gargles from 3,095 men in the multinational HPV Infection...

Cervical cancer, which main etiologic factor is Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, continues to be a burden for public health systems in developing countries. Our laboratory has been working with the hypothesis that signals generated in the tumor microenvironment can modulate local and systemic immune responses. In this context, it would be reas...

Objective To investigate factors associated with colposcopy attendance in HPV‐positive women in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods We analyzed data from a prospective cohort of women positive for high‐risk HPV (hr‐HPV) undergoing cervical cancer screening in primary care services in São Paulo, Brazil. Non‐pregnant women attending routine screening between...

Background: External genital lesions (EGL) are the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, determinants and sex differences in EGL among young adults from Brazil. Methods: Overall, 7694 participants (aged 16 to 25 years) underwent an interview, genital examination and sampling for HPV genotyping....

Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 are the etiological agents of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). We examined the prevalence and distribution of HPVs 6 and 11 genetic variants in juvenile onset (JORRP) and adult onset (AORRP) laryngeal papillomas. Cases of JORRP and AORRP were collected, retrospectively. HPV detection and genotypi...

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform an epidemiologic, clinical, microscopic, immunohistochemical, and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypical characterization of laryngeal papillomatosis (LP) and associate its results to the Derkay anatomic score. Study Design: A total of 36 samples of the juvenile group (JLP) and 56 samples of the adult...

Introduction. Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 infection is the main causal agent of cervical cancer. Most HPV infections clear spontaneously within 1–2 years. Although not all infected women develop detectable HPV antibodies, about 60–70 % seroconvert and retain their antibodies at low levels. Aim. We investigated if cervical HPV16 DN...

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of HPV DNA detection in fresh tissue from oral leukoplakia by Linear Array assay, and its correlation with p16INK4a immunoexpression in the northwest region of the São Paulo state, Brazil. Patients and methods Fifty patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia were included in the study. Sociodemographic, clinicopa...

Introduction Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) attributable oropharyngeal cancers are on the rise in many countries. Oral HPV infections among healthy individuals are commonly detected using oral gargle samples. However, the optimal method for HPV genotyping oral gargle specimens in research studies has not been previously evaluated. Materials and m...

Background Chagasic megaesophagus (clinical manifestation of chagasic disease) has been reported as an etiological factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, as well as the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV). Objective We accessed the prevalence of HPV DNA in a series of squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus associated or not with...

Background: Chagasic megaesophagus (clinical manifestation of chagasic disease) has been reported as an etiological factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, as well as the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV). Objective: We accessed the prevalence of HPV DNA in a series of squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus associated or not wi...

For Brazil, there are no nationwide data on HPV prevalence against which the impact of the HPV immunization program can be measured in the future. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the prevalence of genital HPV infection among adolescents and young adults in Brazil. A cross-sectional, multicentric, nationwide survey was conducted between September 2016...

Our aim was to review the major contributions of studies conducted in different Latin American (LA) countries to the field of human papillomavirus (HPV) epidemiology, natural history, risk of disease, and prevention strategies, mainly in the uterine cervix. Although cytological screening is established in several countries in LA, incidence and mort...

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Curcumin is a natural bioactive compound with antineoplastic properties. The use of nanoparticles containing curcumin could allow a better performance of this compound in therapies. So, VIN biopsies were collected and HPV DNA detection was performed by P...

Objective: The objective was to investigate the prevalence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and its association with human papilloma virus (HPV) detection, clinicopathological features, and the severity of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Methods: Cases of juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JRRP) (n = 36) and adult recurren...

Incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) attributable oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) has been increasing globally, especially among men in high‐income countries. There is a lack of studies comparing oral HPV prevalence by age and country among healthy men. The purpose of our study was to assess oral HPV prevalence by country and age. Participants of t...

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is associated with better tumor-response rates and survival outcomes. However, in some geographic regions, the impact of HPV infection on prognosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the patterns of recurrence and survival among patien...

Background: Approximately 90% of all anal cancers are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), especially high-risk genotypes such as HPVs 16 and 18. Objective: To investigate the clinical and prognostic aspects of anal cancers associated with the presence, as well as the genotypic distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV). Methods: A retr...

Objectives: Genotyping HPV from samples tested positive to careHPV™ assay in rural and remote areas of Brazilian territory. Methods: A total of 5,079 women were enrolled in an opportunistic screening from the Barretos Cancer Hospital, through mobile units or ambulatory unit. All careHPV™ hr-HPV positive samples were tested by a Luminex-based pro...

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the central factor for cervical cancer, whereas epithelial immune mechanisms contribute to the progression of HPV infection and its associated lesions. The authors evaluated the expression of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase (TDO) in cervicovaginal samples from women...

Background: The pathogenesis of lung cancer is triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, being the tobacco smoke the most important risk factor. Nevertheless, the incidence of lung cancer in non-smokers is gradually increasing, which demands the search for different other etiological factors such as occupational exposure, pr...

Alhough lymph node measasis is he main prognosic facor in paiens wih head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), he molecular signals involved in his process are poorly characerized and no molecular markers are currenly used in clinical pracice. Recenly, cancer is being viewed as an ecosysem, in which umor cells cooperae wih each oher and hos ce...

Alhough lymph node measasis is he main prognosic facor in paiens wih head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), he molecular signals involved in his process are poorly characerized and no molecular markers are currenly used in clinical pracice. Recenly, cancer is being viewed as an ecosysem, in which umor cells cooperae wih each oher and hos ce...

Background Available data suggest mixed evidence of hormonal contraceptives (HC) on the association with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types, the main cause of cervical cancer. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the use of HC and the prevalence of HPV in unvaccinated Brazilians women aged 16–25 years. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data co...

p>Every year there are approximately 16,000 new cases of cervical cancer (CC) in Brazil. Novel screening technologies may reduce this number by expanding the population coverage but also by improving the detection rate of precursor lesions. We aimed to evaluate HPV-DNA testing in the context of routine CC screening in the public health system of th...

Objective This study aimed to compare dietary intake estimates using two different methodological approaches: use of new portions obtained with the 24-Hour Diet Recall, which was applied in the current study population, and the application of calibration equations, which were estimated using the same 24h-recalls. Methods Calibration equations were...

Objectives To analyse factors associated with genital human papillomavirus (HPV) and other self-reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) coinfections among women and men aged 16–25 years from Brazil. Design A cross-sectional, nationwide, multicentre study. Setting 119 primary healthcare centres between September 2016 and November 2017. Part...

Background: While receptive anal sex is an established risk factor for anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA), people with anal HPV infection and SCCA commonly report no lifetime receptive anal sex suggesting other factors may also increase risk for anal HPV infection and persistence. Given potentia...

HPV is the most common sexually transmitted biological agent and is the cause of many conditions in men and women, including precancer lesions and cancer. Three prophylactic HPV vaccines targeting high-risk HPV types are available in many countries worldwide: 2-, 4- and 9-valent vaccines. All the 3 vaccines use recombinant DNA technology and are pr...

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 are mainly associated with the development of genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. We examined intratypic genetic variability of both viral types with the development of cervical cytologic abnormalities in Brazilian women. Methods: We used PCR sequencing to characterize varian...

Cervical cancer, caused by high oncogenic risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, continues to be a public health problem, mainly in developing countries. Using peptide phage display as a tool to identify potential molecular targets in HPV associated tumors, we identified α-mannosidase, among other enriched sequences. This enzyme is expressed in...

Example of T cell proliferation assays and frequency of myeloid cells in SW treated naïve mice. A. Example of T cell proliferation assay. Cell Dye labeled T cells were incubated with 10 ng/ml PMA and 1 μg/ml Ionomycin for 4 days, harvested, labeled with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 and analyzed by flow cytometry. B. Frequency of myeloid cells in the splee...

Enrichment of CD11b+ splenocytes and macrophage gating strategy. A. Enrichment of CD11b+ splenocytes. Left side, example of pre and post sort. Right side. Average enrichment of CD11b+ cells from spleens of each experimental group. B. Gating strategy to identify TAM. After harvesting, tumors were digested with 1mg/ml Collagenase I and IV and single...

SW treatment changes lectin binding to the surface of tumor cells and leukocytes. A. TC-1 cells and bone marrow and spleen single cell suspensions were treated with 1 or 2 μg/ml SW for 48 hours, before harvesting. Cells were then incubated with 0.3 μg/ml biotinylated tomato lectin, washed and then incubated with phycoerythrin conjugated streptavidi...

It is currently recognized that in addition to the major impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in females, HPV causes considerable disease in men at the genitals, anal canal, and oropharynx. Specifically, genital HPV infections may progress to genital warts and penile carcinoma. Although studies concerning the natural history of HPV infect...

Persistent infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) is the main risk factor for the development of invasive cervical cancer although is not sufficient to cause cervical cancer. Several host and environmental factors play a key role in cancer initiation/progression, including cytokines and other immune-response mediators. Here, we cha...

We reported the presence in human cells of a noncoding mitochon-drial RNA that contains an inverted repeat (IR) of 815 nucleotides (nt) covalently linked to the 5 end of the mitochondrial 16S RNA (16S mtrRNA). The transcript contains a stem-loop structure and is expressed in human proliferating cells but not in resting cells. Here, we demonstrate t...

Background: Genital wart (GW) incidence is high among men. The percentage and rate at which subsequent GW events occur are understudied. The purpose of this study was to describe the rate of subsequent GWs, associated human papillomavirus (HPV) types, and time to subsequent GW event among unvaccinated men. Methods: The study was nested within a...

Most human papillomavirus infections are readily cleared by the host immune response. However, in some individuals, human papillomavirus can establish a persistent infection. The persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection is the major risk factor for cervical cancer development. These viruses have developed mechanisms to evade the host...

Most human papillomavirus infections are readily cleared by the host immune response. However, in some individuals , human papillomavirus can establish a persistent infection. The persistence of high-risk human papillo-mavirus infection is the major risk factor for cervical cancer development. These viruses have developed mechanisms to evade the ho...

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess genital recurrence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes included in the 9-valent vaccine and to investigate factors associated with recurrence among men in the HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study. Methods: Men were followed every 6 months for a median of 3.7 years. HPV genotypes were detected u...

Objectives: While most human papillomavirus (HPV) infection clears on its own, persistent HPV infection can cause genital warts and anal, penile and oropharyngeal cancers in men. We conducted genetic analysis in a sub-cohort of the HPV infection in men (HIM) study to test the hypothesis that differences in host genes influence HPV persistence in m...

Papilloma associated with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection types 6 and 11, is the most common benign neoplasm of the larynx. The clinical features of RRP vary widely from mild to aggressive forms. RRP in children is known as juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP). Its o...

Immune evasion by tumors includes several different mechanisms, including the inefficiency of antigen presenting cells (APCs) to trigger anti-tumor T cell responses. B lymphocytes may display a pro-tumoral role but can also be modulated to function as antigen presenting cells to T lymphocytes, capable of triggering anti-cancer immune responses. Whi...

Optimization of human B lymphocytes activation. B lymphocytes from healthy donors were stimulated for the indicated periods of time with 0, 0.1, 1 or 10 μg/ml sCD40L, after which labeled cells with anti-CD80, anti-CD86 and anti-HLA-DR and evaluated cells by cell cytometry (top panels). The same kind of experiment was performed with addition of 20 n...

Controls for tumor growth kinetics in mouse chimeras. Lymphocytes isolated from C57Black/6 mice were transplanted into RAG1-/- mice previously injected with 5x104 TC-1 cells. One to 3 million lymphocytes were transplanted per mouse as follows: T cells from naïve or tumor bearing donors alone (Naïve T and Tumor T, respectively), Tumor T cells and on...

Circulating B cells in invasive cancer patients and control subjects. PBMCs isolated from both invasive cervical cancer patients or age matched control subjects were labeled with anti-CD19, anti-CD38, anti-CD21, anti-CD27, anti-IgD, anti-IgM and analyzed by flow cytometry. The graphs show the percentage of CD19+ in the total population, and the per...

T cells are the main population that respond to TC-1 tumors. C57Black/6 (C57), BKO and RAG1-/- (RAG) mice were injected with 1.5x104 TC-1 cells subcutaneously and tumor growth was followed as indicated. The graph shows tumor volume increase through time. Differences between groups was tested by Mann-Whitney U test and ANOVA with the data derived fr...

Lymph node metastasis is the main prognostic factor in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but no molecular markers are currently used in clinical practice. Considering that the invasive front (IF) of the tumor has a prognostic value due to the invasive and metastatic potential of the cells, we explored the mechanisms assoc...

Introduction and objective: Penile cancer is a rare disease that has high morbidity and mortality rates. While a few biomarkers related to prognosis have been previously described to date none of them was adopted in clinical practice. Our aim was to identify a molecular signature based on miRNA expression levels that could identify those patients w...

The Papillomaviridae is a family of small, non-enveloped viruses with double-stranded DNA genomes of 5 748 to 8 607 bp. Their classification is based on pairwise nucleotide sequence identity across the L1 open reading frame. Members of the Papillomaviridae primarily infect mucosal and keratinised epithelia, and have been isolated from fish, reptile...

Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with the development of genital warts and different types of cancer, including virtually all cervical cancers and a considerable number of penile, anal and oropharyngeal cancers. Data regarding the prevalence of HPV infection in Brazil are limited and fragmented. We aim to determine HPV prevalen...

Objectives: The methylation profile of genes in precursor lesions in cervical cancer was characterized to improve screening techniques for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Methods: A total of 447 cervical cytology samples obtained from women who underwent colposcopy were examined. The cases were distributed as follows: (1) cervices without...

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main risk factor for the development and progression of cervical cancer. HPV-16 E6 and E7 expression is essential for induction and maintenance of the transformed phenotype. These oncoproteins interfere with the function of several intracellular proteins, including those controlling the PI3K/...

It is well known that persistent infection with high-risk HPV (hr-HPV), mostly HPV-16 and 18, is the main cause of cervical cancer development. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD or SOD2) are highly expressed in different neoplasia. The present study investigated SOD2 protein expression and the presence of hr-HPV types in 297 cervical samples in...

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide and is etiologically linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Viral early proteins E6 and E7 manipulate cellular functions to promote the virus life cycle and are essential to the cellular transformation process. The innate immune system plays a pivotal role in the natu...

O Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) está presente em praticamente todos os casos de câncer do colo do útero e também em verrugas anogenitais e outras lesões pré-cancerígenas diversas, que podem ser prevenidos primariamente via vacinação. Até abril de 2017, cerca de 40% dos países já haviam introduzido a vacina de HPV em seus programas nacionais de imuniza...

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women worldwide. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types is the main risk factor for the development of cervical cancer precursor lesions. HPV persistence and tumor development is usually characterized by innate immune system evasion. Alterations in Toll-li...