Luis M. Tanarro

• Complutense University of Madrid

Climate patterns are natural processes that drive climate variability in the short, medium, and long term. Characterizing the patterns behind climate variability is essential to understand the functioning of the regional atmospheric system. Since investigations typically reveal only the link and extent of the influence of climate patterns in specif...

The Cordillera Blanca of Peru (Central Andes) is the highest elevation of the country, and is mostly affected by tropical and regional climate forcings. Spectral techniques are applied to temperature and precipitation records in order to discern the hidden periodicities and to correlate the influence of different climate forcings indexes that are a...

The Sierra Nevada constitutes one of the massifs in Europe where periglacial processes have been more extensively and thoroughly examined. Periglacial phenomena in the massif are distributed from the mountaintops at 3300–3400 m a.s.l. down to elevations of 1100–1200 m. Active periglacial dynamics prevail today above 2500 m with a variety of landfor...

The aim of this work is to study the process of transformation of debris-free mountain glaciers into debris-covered glaciers and rock glaciers, and to examine the factors driving diverging evolution in similar glacial systems. The study area is the Hofsdalur valley, in the Tr€ ollaskagi peninsula (northern Iceland), where several cirques host a gre...

The objective of this work is to conduct a detailed mapping of the Héðinsdalsjökull foreland, northern Iceland (65°39 ′ N, 18°55 ′ W). This cirque currently shows a variety of glacial and periglacial landforms derived from a complex deglaciation. Mapping was performed combining traditional hand-drawn and digital mapping. A hand-drawn sketch was geo...

The objective of this work is to chronologically establish the origin of the different glacial and rock glacier complex landforms deposited by Héðinsdalsjökull glacier (65°39′ N, 18°55′ W), in the Héðinsdalur valley (Skagafjörður fjord, Tröllaskagi peninsula, central northern Iceland). Multiple methods were applied: geomorphological analysis and ma...

The Tröllaskagi Peninsula (65º49N, 18º47'W) is located in Central North Iceland, between Skagafjörður and Eyjafjörður fjords. The Peninsula consists of Miocene basaltic lavas culminating at a plateau on which several valleys of steep slopes are embedded, hosting over 160 glaciers in their headwalls. In the last years, new datasets of 36Cl exposure...

The Héðinsdalsjökull glacier is located at the headwall of the Héðinsdalur valley (65°39 'N, 18°55' W), in the western sector of Tröllaskagi peninsula (northern Iceland). A detailed geomorphological map of its foreland, supported on fieldwork and historical aerial photographs (1946-2019) has been produced. Based on this map, 11 different evolutiona...

Three-dimensional cartographic resources are an important tool in the teaching of Physical Geography and other Earth Sciences. They are also able to help the students to reach a better understanding of the natural landscape. The objective of this work is to design appropriate 3D didactic resources to facilitate the teaching of the landforms in the...

Pleistocene glaciers shaped the highest lands of the National Park of Sierra Nevada, South Spain. Alpine glaciers filled the western valleys of the massif with hundreds of meters of ice. Surface exposure dating shows evidence of glacial expansion during the Younger Dryas and the subsequent disappearance of glaciers of the massif during the Early Ho...

Eighteen samples for ³⁶Cl Cosmic-Ray Exposure (CRE) dating were taken from glacially polished bedrocks, moraine boulders, fossil/active rock glaciers and debris-covered glaciers in Fremri-Grjótárdalur and Hóladalur cirques in the Víðinesdalur, Hofsdalur and Héðinsdalur valleys, close to Hólar village, in the Tröllaskagi peninsula, northern Iceland....

Outside the Alps, the Sierra Nevada is probably the best studied European massif with respect to its past and current environmental dynamics. A multi‐approach research program started in the early 2000s focused on the monitoring of frozen ground conditions in this National Park. Here, we present data on the thermal state and distribution of permafr...

The results of previous work on the dynamics of the debris-covered and rock glaciers in Tröllaskagi are contradictory. To improve our knowledge of these dynamics and determine the origin and evolution of these landforms, we analyzed two case studies located in the Hofsdalur Valley: the Hofsjökull debris-covered glacier and the Júllogil rock glacier...

A paleoglacier reconstruction during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is presented for a high mountain area of La Covacha massif in Sierra de Gredos (Iberian Central System) in central Spain. The moraines that, according with the previous literature, had formed during the global LGM, were mapped through photo interpretation of digital aerial photogra...

A detailed geomorphological map on a 1:10,000 scale is presented for a high mountain area in Gredos range (Iberian Central System). Only few detailed geomorphological maps of the range are available despite the wide diversity of landforms. The map was created with the aid of aerial photographs, satellite images, and 3D images and verified with fiel...

This work defends and applies a new proposal for mapping debris-covered glaciers and rock glaciers. This proposal combines highly accurate traditional methods, such as manual geomorphological photointerpretation, with novel digital techniques. The new methodological strategy applies rendering and lighting tools from Computer-Aided Design platforms...

An accurate review of the literature on surface exposure dating methods shows evidence of the difficulty in applying cosmogenic dating methods to old moraines because of the intensity of late Quaternary erosion processes. Moreover, as in some previous cases, we also found special difficulties in applying these methods to LIA moraines, caused by the...

An accurate review of the literature on surface exposure dating methods shows evidence of the difficulty in applying cosmogenic dating methods to old moraines because of the intensity of late Quaternary erosion processes. Moreover, as in some previous cases, we also found special difficulties in applying these methods to LIA moraines, caused by the...

An accurate review of the literature on surface exposure dating methods shows evidence of the difficulty in applying cosmogenic dating methods to old moraines because of the intensity of late Quaternary erosion processes. Moreover, as in some previous cases, we also found special difficulties in applying these methods to LIA moraines, caused by the...

This paper analyses changes in the surface morphology of rock and debris-covered glaciers in the Hóladalsjökull and Fremri-Grjótárdalur cirques near Hólar village in the Tröllaskagi peninsula (northern Iceland) (65°43′55″N; 19°06′49″W, 160 m), to understand the dynamics and climatic significance of these landforms. The study includes an analysis of...

The aim of this research is to improve our current understanding of the deglaciation stages in the southeastern Pyrenees and integrate it into reconstructions of the long‐term deglaciation in the Iberian mountains since the Last Glaciation. First, we examine the existing chronological data for deglaciation in Iberian mountain ranges, mainly focusin...

The Tröllaskagi peninsula is located in north central Iceland, between meridians 19º30’W and 18º10’W , limited by Skagafjödur fiord to the west and the Eyjafjödur fiord to the east, jutting out into the North Atlantic to latitude 66º12’N and linked to the central Icelandic highlands to the south. The peninsula is a Tertiary basalt plateau topped by...

The Veleta cirque is located at the foot of the Veleta peak, one of the highest summits of the Sierra Nevada National Park (southern Spain). This cirque was the source of a glacier valley during the Quaternary cold periods. During the Little Ice Age it sheltered a small glacier, the most southerly in Europe, about which we have possessed written re...

The Veleta cirque is located at the foot of the Veleta peak, one of the highest summits of the Sierra Nevada National Park (southern Spain). This cirque was the source of a glacier valley during the Quaternary cold periods. During the Little Ice Age it sheltered a small glacier, the most southerly in Europe, about which we have possessed written re...

The Veleta cirque is located at the foot of the Veleta peak, one of the highest summits of the Sierra Nevada National Park (Southern Spain). This cirque was the source of a glacier valley during the Quaternary cold periods. During the Little Ice Age it sheltered a small glacier, the most southerly in Europe, about which we have possessed written re...

En este trabajo se estudia el origen de una serie de movimientos en masa, del tipo flujo superficial, ocurridos en la última década en el talud detrítico de la base de la pared septentrional del Pico del Veleta en Sierra Nevada, España (3.398 m 37º03'21''N, 3º21'57''W). La formación de este tipo de coladas se relaciona con la acción geomorfológica...

RESUMEN El trabajo estudia cuatro valles glaciados de Sierra Nevada del área Veleta-Mulhacén (37º3'N, 3º21'W, >3.300 m). El análisis del isótopo cosmogénico 36 Cl de 19 muestras indica que el último máximo avance glaciar local fue dentro del MIS 2. El retroceso generalizado de los glaciares ocurrió a partir de 15/14 ka. Justo después se formó un ex...

Archaeological sites studied in this paper are located in the so-called “Sepúlveda-Ayllón Basin”, drained by Duratón and Riaza rivers. This is a narrow marginal sub-basin which is placed in the SW margin of Duero Basin that with a SW-NE orientation is framed, in the South, by high reliefs of Eastern Guadarrama and Somosierra-Ayllón mountain range;...

This paper presents an initial analysis of the rockfall processes affecting the walls of the canyon of the River Duratón. This 34 km long meandering canyon in the basin of the River Duero in central Spain (41°18′ N, 3°45′ W) has evolved in a large-scale outcrop of Late Cretaceous calcareous rocks (dolomite and limestone) deformed into a series of a...

The term "lahar" refers to the process generated in volcanoes by high sediment concentration flows that range from hyperconcentrated to Debris flows. This complex dynamic system represents a threat to people living near volcanoes. In order to delimitate hazardous area, mathematical models should be applied and tested. These models depend strongly o...

In Sierra Nevada, a mountain range located to the SE of the Iberian Peninsula, moraines corresponding to the last two glaciations have been identified (Messerli, 1967). There are no glaciers at present but the existence of small cirque glaciers during the Little Ice Age (LIA) has been documented (Gómez-Ortiz et al., 2009). The aim of this study is...

This paper analyses the thermal ground behaviour on an alpine talus slope located at the foot of the north wall of the glacial cirque on the Pico del Veleta (3398 m, 37°03'21''N, 3°21'57''W, MAAT: -0,4°C) in Sierra Nevada, SE Spain. There are frequent mass movements on this talus slope, particularly in its central section, caused by the abundant pr...

Sierra Nevada (España), en su sector de cumbres y en el antiguo circo del Corral del Veleta (3150 m, 37ºN, 3ºW) se albergan hielos glaciares fósiles y permafrost, presumiblemente de la Pequeña Edad del Hielo. Estas masas heladas, las más meridionales de Europa, se encuentran protegidas por espesos mantos de clastos y tienden a reducir dimensión y e...

Palacios, D. 2001. Permafrost distribu-tion modelling in the mountains of the Mediterranean: Corral del Veleta, Sierra Nevada, Spain. Norsk Geograa sk Tidsskrift– Norwegian Journal of Geography Vol. 55, 253–260. Oslo. ISSN 0029-1951. A statistical model for automated mapping of the spatial distribution of permafrost in the area of Corral del Veleta...

Popocatépetl volcano (19°02′ N, 98°62′ W, 5424 m) began its most recent period of volcanic activity in December 1994. The interaction of volcanic and glacier activity triggered the formation of lahars through the Huiloac Gorge, located on the northern flank of the volcano, causing significant morphological changes in the channel. The most powerful...

Se plantea una interpretación de la evolución geomorfológica de las hoces de trazado meandriforme modeladas por el río Duratón en el Macizo calcáreo de Sepúlveda desde las primeras fases del establecimiento del valle hasta el presente. Dicha interpretación se apoya en el reconocimiento, la cartografía detallada y el análisis de una serie de niveles...

In mountain environments, talus formed at the foot of valley sides are frequently affected by hillslope processes, such as skin-flows. The main characteristic of this type of flow is that it only causes the movement of a thin layer of soil, regolith or debris over an inclined plane parallel to the topographical surface of the talus. Some examples o...

Volcanic eruptions generate disturbances that affect hydrological systems (Major, 2003) by depositing large volumes of sediments in watersheds that exceed amounts common to non-volcanic river systems (Montgomery, 2005). If the eruption releases abundant melt water, the river system may respond immediately by forming hazardous flows called lahars. R...

Popocatépetl volcano (19°02'N,98°62'W; 5424 m) is located in the centre of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. After more than 60 years of inactivity, its most recent eruptive period began in December 1994, being characterized by the formation and gradual growth of lava domes inside the crater and their destruction by explosive activity. Pyroclasts pro...

The southernmost glacier in Europe formed during the Little Ice Age at the foot of the north wall of Picacho del Veleta (3 398 m) in Sierra Nevada, in the southeast region of the Iberian Peninsula (lat. 37δ03‘N, long. 3δ22‘W). The glacier gradually retreated during the last century, leaving a large talus slope at the base of the wall. The unconsoli...

The Basin of Mexico consists of a high plateau (2,240 m) surrounded by volcanic mountains, which are principally Pliocene to Quaternary in age. Other volcanic complexes of varying sizes are found along its vast plateau. One of these, the volcanic dome complex Los Pitos, is approximately ten kilometers in diameter and 2,950 meters high. Below the 2,...

La glacera més meridional d¿Europa durant la Petita Edat de Gel ocupava la base de la paret septentrional del pic del Veleta (3.398 m) i estava instal·lat a Sierra Nevada ¿sud-est de la Península Ibèrica (latitud: 37º03¿ N i longitud: 3º22¿W).- La glacera va anar desapareixent al llarg del segle XX, al temps que es formava un important talús detrít...

ANTONIO GÓMEZ ORTIZ (1), DAVID PALACIOS ESTREMERA(2) , ENRIQUE LUENGO NICOLAU (2), LUIS M. TANARRO GARCÍA (2), LOTHAR SCHULTE (1), MIGUEL RAMOS SAINZ (3) & FERRAN SALVADOR FRANCH (1)(1) Servei de Gestió i Evolució del Paisatge. Universitat de Barcelona. (2) Departamento de Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física. Universidad Complutense de...

This article discusses the methodology and techniques used in observations of permafrost, which is confined to a small enclave in south-east Spain (Corral del Veleta, Sierra Nevada, 3398 m altitude, 37°03′ N, and 3°22′ W). Several geophysical, geothermal and geomorphologic prospecting techniques were used to locate the permafrost at Corral del Vele...

Explains the several flares (rock shelters) levels on Casla canyon slopes. Each flare is related to a stabilization period of Caslilla river. During this period, a lateral subsurface weathering erosion formed the flare level. Afterwards, with the new incision of the river, the flare level remained hanging.

El artículo se divide en dos partes fundamentales. En la primera, se analizan los profundos cambios socioeconómicos que ha sufrido el municipio, que se manifiestan en la transformación del modelo tradicional de aprovechamiento del territorio, el cual se cimentaba en la viabilidad de las economías pastoriles. La segunda parte analiza la progresiva i...

Origin and significance of hanging valleys at Duratón Canyon (Segovia, Spain) The aim of this paper is analysing and interpreting the occurrence of hanging valleys of ravines or torrents in the Duraton Canyon. In order to do so, the hydrographic network has been identified, obtaining for each ravine a series of morphometric and morphogenetic variab...

El cuarto apartado se centra en el estudio de la morfodinámica de las laderas de los valles con el objeto de apreciar en qué medida son resultado de procesos desarrollados en el pasado o responden en cambio a acciones geomorfológicas recientes o actuales. Por su parte, en el apartado quinto se realiza un completo reconocimiento y análisis sedimento...