Luis Sanz-MenéndezSpanish National Research Council | CSIC · Instituto de Políticas y Bienes Públicos
Luis Sanz-Menéndez
PhD in Sociology
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Publications (164)
Gender differences in research funding exist but bias evidence is elusive and findings are contradictory. Bias has multiple dimensions, but in evaluation processes bias would be the outcome of the reviewers’ assessment. Evidence in observational approaches is often based either on outcome distributions or on modelling bias as the residual. Causal c...
La financiación de la investigación es una herramienta de los gobiernos para promover cambios en las universidades. Los gobiernos han intentado guiar «a distancia» a las universidades cambiando las formas de financiación y potenciando la evaluación. El artículo analiza un instrumento de financiación de centros universitarios de I+D de la Xunta de G...
Criteria for assessing candidates are essential elements for the functioning of evaluation practices in academia. This article addresses a relevant issue of academia: the preference for evaluation criteria for tenure and promotion, as reported by female and male academics employed at Spanish universities. We use survey data from 4,460 faculty membe...
El objetivo de esta nota de investigación es estudiar el diseño y evolución de los instrumentos de financiación de la investigación universitaria de un Gobierno autonómico (Xunta de Galicia) durante el periodo 2005-2018. Se presentan los principales factores y procesos asociados al diseño de las políticas científicas, desde una perspectiva históri...
This article addresses, conceptually and empirically, the classification of public research organizations (PROs) understood as non-university and non-enterprise research-focused organizations that are public by nature or in which the government has an influence. The construction of archetypes of research performing organizations has been a standard...
This article analyses whether different institutional sources of scientific information have an impact on its credibility. Through a population-based survey experiment of a national representative sample of the Spanish public, we measure the credibility that citizens attribute to scientific information on the evolution of CO2 emissions disclosed by...
Academic employment systems have recently been subjected to policy-driven changes in many countries, but the university sector is still governed by collegial dynamics in which academics’ views and attitudes are important. The present study, based on data from questionnaire survey responses from 4460 faculty members in public universities in Spain,...
This paper establishes a structural typology of the organisational configurations of public research organisations which vary in their relative internal sharing of authority between researchers and managers; we distinguish between autonomous, heteronomous and managed research organisations. We assume that there are at least two sources of legitimat...
The economic crisis which began in 2008 has had a far-reaching impact, including effects on the innovation behaviour of firms. Many companies have reduced their innovation-related activities, although some firms have been more resilient than others. Using a representative microdata panel of Spanish firms, we study the probability of companies aband...
The aim of this policy brief is to come to a guiding document for RTOs to engage in the process of
internationalisation and thus facilitate mutual learning between RTOs. The information in report builds on a joint
workshop organised by the JRC and EARTO on 21st June 2016
Universities are structured and behave as organizations. This article analyses universities' responses to the changes in the institutional environment of research funding that the European Research Council (ERC) represents. First, we develop a two-dimensional typology constructed upon universities' commitment to ways of acting and the existence of...
Analiza en perspectivas disciplinarias diversas, el desarrollo de las políticas de CTI en Iberoamérica con el objeto de contribuir a una mejor compresión de las relaciones entre la ciencia, la tecnología, la política y la sociedad. Está gama de trabajos permitirán al lector tener una visión muy ilustrativa del desarrollo y estado actual de estas po...
Se comparan la evolución de los sistemas públicos de investigación (SPI) de Argentina y España y, específicamente, analizan la transformación del papel de sus Centros Públicos de Investigación (CPI), en particular del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas
y Tecnológicas (CONICET) y del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC...
In this section we present the aims of the chapter, the relevance of the issue, and some references to the literature and previous studies. Science policy makers and analysts tend to consider international mobility as a positive phenomenon which deserves to be (and increasingly is) promoted (EC 2000, 2001a, b, 2005, 2011, 2012a, b; Morano-Foadi 200...
El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la evolución de los sistemas públicos de investigación (SPI) de Argentina y España y, específicamente, analizar la transformación del papel de sus Centros Públicos de Investigación (CPI), en particular del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) y del Consejo Superior de Inves...
This article evaluates the effectiveness of a public programme intended to improve innovation capabilities in the private sector by subsidizing the hiring of research and development (R&D) personnel. Using information from the programme management database, we study factors associated with the duration of contracts and their transformation into ope...
This chapter presents a national case study of the CDH survey in Spain with a focus on international mobility from different angles. We have explored the factors associated with the likelihood of Spanish doctorate holders to have been engaged in international mobility in the past and with the intention to move in the future. We have also analysed t...
En este trabajo se analiza el apoyo de la ciudadanía española a la investigación científica y
tecnológica desde dos perspectivas distintas. Por un lado, se estudia qué aspectos se asocian con
opinar que el sector de la Investigación y el Desarrollo (I+D) debería convertirse en uno de los
más importantes en la economía española del futuro. Y, por el...
In this chapter we are interested in how public research organizations address internationalisation pressures and Europeanisation dynamics. Whereas internationalisation of research (with a focus on individual research collaboration and, more recently, on researcher mobility) has been widely analysed, we do not know that much about internationalisat...
The economic crisis of recent years provides an extremely valuable context for the study of the effective role which R&D policies have had for governments, both as a potential tool for exiting from the crisis and as an object of fiscal consolidation. The discourse of governments and international organizations often connect actions to cope with the...
Over the last two decades, the Spanish higher education and research sector has undergone profound changes, but little is known about the implementation of recent reforms and how university actors responded to policy change and institutional pressures within a changing resource environment. Drawing on the insights from institutional and resource-de...
This paper analyses public support for government spending on science and technology (S&T) and its determinants. It constructs
hypotheses based on previous findings from two streams of research: public preferences for government spending and public
understanding of science. Using data from a large national survey in Spain, it develops multivariate...
This paper analyses public support for government spending on science and technology (S&T) and its determinants. It constructs hypotheses based on previous findings from two streams of research: public preferences for government spending and public understanding of science. Using data from a large national survey in Spain, it develops multivariate...
El libro presenta el análisis, la evidencia y los resultados del trabajo Evaluación de las actividades del Foro Consultivo Científico y Tecnológico (2009‐2013), institución mexicana creada por Ley, así como presentar las opiniones, las propuestas y las recomendaciones del Panel Independiente de Expertos Internacionales
El objetivo principal del In...
Como en ediciones anteriores, el objetivo es presentar los principales indicadores de producción científica de España, referidos al total de la producción del país, y al conjunto de las principales instituciones productivas que lo conforman. La posición de la ciencia española a partir de estos indicadores se enmarca desde una perspectiva internacio...
En este apartado se presentan las instituciones españolas de educación superior a partir de una serie de indicadores cienciométricos que caractericen y posicionen a las universidades en un ranking teniendo en cuenta lo trabajos científicos publicados. Se considerarán, para la ordenación del ranking, los siguientes indicadores: el volumen total de p...
Understanding how institutional incentives and mechanisms for assigning recognition shape access to a permanent job is important. This study, based on data from questionnaire survey responses and publications of 1,257 university science, biomedical and engineering faculty in Spain, attempts to understand the timing of getting a permanent position a...
Although there is little theory about the effects of economic conditions on public support for science and technology (S&T), some evidence suggests that an economic crisis could produce a decline in support for S&T because of more pressing priorities, such as jobs and social services. But the public may also view S&T as a strategic pathway out of a...
En este artículo se analizan las transformaciones en las políticas europeas de investigacióny desarrollo tecnológico y se exploran cuáles son los factores que explican esta evolución.Se argumenta que las ideas, por sí solas, no pueden dar cuenta de la dinámica de laspolíticas de IDT. Las políticas crean su propio juego de intereses y la naturaleza...
Este artículo explica comparativamente las políticas de ciencia, tecnología e innovaciónde cinco comunidades autónomas, desde mediados de los años ochenta hasta principiosde la presente década. Sobre la base de cinco estudios de caso, este trabajo describe,en primer lugar, la orientación académica o empresarial de dichas políticas atendiendoa los o...
Como en ediciones anteriores, el objetivo fundamental de este apartado es presentar los principales indicadores de producción científica de España, tanto en cantidad como en calidad y visibilidad, referidos,
por un lado, al total de la producción científica del país, y por otro, al conjunto de instituciones productivas que lo conforman.
De esta man...
The first five calls of the Torres Quevedo programme, subsidizing private entities with public funds between 2002 and 2008, are analysed in order to determine the extent to which the new subsidised contracts for PhDs and engineers where consolidated in the private entities receiving the grants. Using the administrative database of the programme, we...
The aim of this paper is to analyse the dynamics of science innovation in Public Research Organisations. Our research question relates to whether and how formal institutional structural factors (governing models, recruitment and promotion systems) and dynamic factors (funding and scientific integration) affect the capability of public research inst...
Para la elaboración de este apartado se han tenido en cuenta aquellas instituciones (públicas y privadas) que se dedican a la Educación Superior en España en el periodo 2006-2010. Se han elaborado los rankings generales para todas las universidades españolas, así como rankings específicos para seis áreas científicas distintas. Las áreas seleccionad...
El objetivo de este apartado es presentar los resultados de investigación, representados éstos por las publicaciones científicas de las instituciones españolas de educación superior, y utilizar los mismos para posicionar las universidades en un ranking, atendiendo a tres dimensiones esenciales: el volumen total
de producción científica, la calidad...
A partir de la perspectiva sistémico-evolutiva, y de una evaluación amplia de la política de CTI mexicana del 2000 al 2006, este trabajo discute las dificultades para construir procesos co-evolutivos virtuosos de C&T e Innov, y sugiere las bases para un diseño de política de CTI de tres fases, para fortalecer el proceso de VSR y los mecanismos caus...
The term public research organisation (PRO) is used to refer to a heterogeneous group of research performing centres and institutes with varying degrees of “publicness”. Different PROs, depending on their particular profile, perform a variety of roles. These include: basic and applied research; policy support; training; knowledge and technology tra...
In 1989 the Spanish Government established an individual retrospective
research evaluation system (RES) for public researchers. Policy makers have associated the
establishment of this evaluation system with the significant increase in the volume of
scientific publications attributed to Spain over the last decades. In a similar vein to the
analyses...
El objetivo de este apartado es presentar los principales indicadores de producción científica españoles, respecto a la cantidad, calidad y visibilidad, del total de la producción española y del conjunto de instituciones del país. De esta manera, se contextualiza en una perspectiva comparada internacional la posición española, lo que permite un aná...
El objetivo de este apartado es presentar los resultados de investigación, representándose éstos por las publicaciones científicas de las instituciones españolas de educación superior y utilizar los mismos
para posicionar las universidades en un ránking, atendiendo a tres dimensiones esenciales: el volumen total de producción científica, la calidad...
[ES] Este volumen contiene un epílogo al evento “Consenso, Contribución y Excelencia: Jornadas sobre Grupos de Investigación Postburocráticos”, que tuvo lugar en noviembre de 2010 en Santiago de Compostela. Este epílogo resume los contenidos de estas jornadas, añade nuevas reflexiones sobre los mismos, e hila todo junto para documentarlo de forma p...
Governments are traditionally the major funders of public sector research. Distinction can be drawn between block grant based funding arrangements, where the majority of research funds are allocated directly to institutions according to particular formulae, performance indicators or budget negotiations among actors; and project-based funding arrang...
This article describes and analyses the Andalusian Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) policy evolution from the mid eighties up to 2001, using an analytical framework that takes on board several variables such as models and ideas, interests, political preferences, institutions and socio-economic factors. Andalusia was one of the first Spanish...
IV Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores y 1ra Escuela Doctoral Iberoamericana en Estudios Sociales y Políticos sobre la Ciencia y la Tecnología –ESOCITE/CYTED/AECID/IVIC/UNESCO-IESALC
Based on the data from survey responses and publications of 1583 academic scientists in Spain, this paper examines the relationship between scientific performance and reward, considering tenure and permanent positions as key academic rewards in early phases of academic career and focusing especially on the mediating effect of mobile versus stable c...
Governments continue to play a central role in the way research is conducted and organized by defining new models for research
centers. How do existing research centers adapt to changes in their environment? Institutional theory suggests that organizations
pursue efficiency and legitimacy by conforming to isomorphic pressures in their organizationa...
In 1989 the Spanish Government established an individual retrospective research evaluation system (RES) for public researchers. This system was voluntary but involved the incentive of a permanent salary bonus. Policy makers have associated the establishment of this evaluation system with the signifi cant increase in the volume of scientifi c public...
Como se observa del análisis general, y en el pormenorizado por áreas, la calidad que pudiera deducirse de los impactos no siempre está asociada a la producción masiva. Por otro lado, teniendo en cuenta los puestos ocupados en cada indicador por las diversas universidades, se pueden identificar cuáles son las instituciones líderes, al menos en resu...
This paper argues that in the context of the knowledge economy the coevolution of S&T and Innovation is crucial for developing countries. Two features limit such coevolution in this type of countries: (i) the conditions for generating variation, selection and retention (VSR) processes in both arenas are still incipient, there is neither the require...
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the coevolution between two arenas, on one side the Science and Technology (S&T)1, and on the other the Innovation (Innov), from a developing country's perspective. It argues that in the context of the knowledge economy, the coevolution of these arenas is crucial for this type of countries to transit to a dev...
The public research sector is changing all over Europe. New semi-public research centers have emerged and now coexist with the traditional public research centers in the same organizational field. It is argued that these changes are mostly policy driven and that the main mechanism is the emergence of new legitimation models of what research and res...
Research evaluation has been an essential practice of the regular functioning of the research system (Zuckerman and Merton
1971; Cole and Cole 1973). Reputational competition (Merton 1957; Ben-David 1971, 1972; Dasgupta and David 1994; Whitley 2000)
has been shaped by mechanisms of evaluation of research mostly identified with the practice of peer...
Bases para una política de estado en ciencia, tecnología e innovación en México, Foro Consultivo Científico y Tecnológico, versión para comentarios
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar algunos procesos y tendencias que han caracterizado el desarrollo español en materia de ciencia, tecnología e innovación y realizar un balance sobre las fuerzas y dinámicas que han guiado estos cambios.
Summary Research quality is the cornerstone of modern science, it is used in the understanding of reputational differences among scientific and academic institutions. Traditionally, scientific activity is measured by a set of indicators and well-established bibliometric techniques based on the number of academic papers published in top-ranked journ...
The interaction of science and politics has beenwidely studied from numerous perspectives. However, little researchexists regarding the impact of European Parliamentary legislation upon scienceand technology in the respective nations.The purpose of this research isto: (1) examine the emergence and function of Parliamentary Offices ofTechnology Asse...
Labour markets for research are changing and the traditional segmentation model of the research labour market where the doctorate was mainly valuable in the academic sector is loosing ground. The paper studies a sample of PhDs and their corresponding employing firms to analyse patterns of mobility, economic returns, and innovation outputs. Qualitat...
Sanz-Menendez L. and Cruz-Castro L. (2005) Explaining the science and technology policies of regional governments, Regional Studies 39 , There is a simultaneous trend for regionalization and decentralization in Europe, a trend that has also affected the science and technology policy domain, with an open debate on the functioning of the multilevel g...
This article analyses a government policy initiative that aimed to increase the number of researchers in the public research sector working in conditions equivalent to the tenure track, and to cope with the problems of employability, stabilisation and working conditions of PhDs. The paper describes the situation of science and technology (S&T) huma...
Este artículo explica la adopción de políticas de ciencia y tecnología en cinco comunidades autónomas, desde mediados de los años ochenta hasta el inicio de la década actual. Se decribe, en primer lugar, la orientación académica o empresarial de estas políticas de acuerdo con los objetivos de la inversión presupuestaria, el destino de los recursos...
Summary There is simultaneous trend of regionalisation and decentralization in Europe, a trend that has also affected the science and technology policy domain, with an open debate on the functioning of the multilevel governance system. Regional authorities have become directly involved in the design and implementation of regional S&T policies, howe...
El objetivo de este trabajo es medir la relación de las universidades con la investigación. Se trata de situar a cada universidad en escalas relativas de capacidad investigadora, de esfuerzo u orientación hacia la investigación y de excelencia investigadora. El método utilizado se basa en el análisis de los resultados agregados de la competencia qu...
Any discussion about the mission of TA and its relationship to policy making will soon enough touch upon the question of the effects that TA might or should have on decision making as well as on the content and path of political and social debate on technology issues. TA, as an endeavour that is meant to explore the possible impact of technology on...
This chapter presents the lessons learnt, with an emphasis on the implication and scope of the TAMI project results. It draws on the work of the two TAMI groups presented in the previous chapters “The Practice of Technology Assessment; Science, Interaction, and Communication” and “Towards a Framework for Assessing the Impact of Technology Assessmen...
This paper addresses the relationship between scientific knowledge and politics, and more specifically the role of knowledge and information about highly technical issues in politics. The connection between science and politics, the relationship between government (the executive) and science (Smith 1992) has been studied at length, both from the vi...
Published in: Scientometrics vol. 64, (3), 271-300, August 2005 Research quality is the cornerstone of modern science, it aids in the understanding of reputational differences among scientific and academic institutions. Traditionally, scientific activity is measured by a set of indicators and well-established bibliometric techniques based on the nu...
The research system is highly dependent upon the resources provided by the political system. Rising costs of research projects and the emergence of financial problems in government have triggered a reduction in direct support to public research organisations (PROs). The aim of this paper is to analyse how a group of Spanish public research organisa...
Current social and economic trends, dominated by market globalisation, technological innovation and the economics of information and knowledge, have renewed interest of both policy makers and social researchers in intellectual property rights (IPR) regimes (Maskus, 2000). In the specific field of scientific and technological research, IPR concerns...
Este artículo describe la emergencia y orientación de las políticas de I+D e innovación en Cataluña; Se analizan cuáles son los factores más influyentes en la orientación de estas políticas y, en definitiva, en las opciones políticas que se toman. La política de ciencia y tecnología desarrollada por el gobierno regional catalán desde principios de...
En este artículo se hace una presentación de los centras tecnológicos pertenecientes o la Federación Española de Entidades de inovacíón y Tecnología, la mayaría de los centras inonológicos privadas sin ónima de lucro españoles, círecienda inlormación obre sus actividades, su estructura de recursos V. lo que es más importante, su compromiso con la m...
This paper analyses, from an institutionalist perspective, the emergence, nature and ways in which Parliamentary “scientific and technological advice ” activities are carried out in different European countries. We argue that the connection of Technology Assessment (TA) with the political process can only be understood if this type of information r...