Luis Morales-Navarro

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• PhD Candidate at University of Pennsylvania

While there is widespread interest in supporting young people to critically evaluate machine learning-powered systems, there is little research on how we can support them in inquiring about how these systems work and what their limitations and implications may be. Outside of K-12 education, an effective strategy in evaluating black-boxed systems is...

Mindsets play an important role in persevering in computer science: while some learners perceive bugs as opportunities for learning, others become frustrated with failure and see it as a challenge to their abilities. Yet few studies and interventions take into account the motivational and emotional aspects of debugging and how learning environments...

Much attention in constructionism has focused on designing tools and activities that support learners in designing fully finished and functional applications and artefacts to be shared with others. But helping students learn to debug their applications often takes on a surprisingly more instructionist stance by giving them checklists, teaching them...

The widespread adoption of generative artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) technologies has increased the need to support youth in developing AI/ML literacies. However, most work has centered on preparing young people to use these systems, with less attention to how they can participate in designing and evaluating them. This study inves...

As generative language models (GLMs) have gained popularity, youth are increasingly using them in their everyday lives. As such, most research has centered on supporting youth as users of GLM-powered systems. However, we know little of how to engage youth in the design of these models. Building on the rich legacy of child-computer interaction resea...

While there is widespread interest in supporting young people to critically evaluate machine learning-powered systems, there is little research on how we can support them in inquiring about how these systems work and what their limitations and implications may be. Outside of K-12 education, an effective strategy in evaluating black-boxed systems is...

The prominence of artificial intelligence and machine learning in everyday life has led to efforts to foster AI literacy for all K–12 students. In this paper, we review how Hour of Code activities engage with the five big ideas of AI, in particular with machine learning and societal impact. We found that a large majority of activities focus on perc...

Research on children and youth's participation in different roles in the design of technologies is one of the core contributions in child-computer interaction studies. Building on this work, we situate youth as advisors to a group of high school computer science teacher- and researcher-designers creating learning activities in the context of emergi...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how a clinical interview protocol with failure artifact scenarios can capture changes in high school students’ explanations of troubleshooting processes in physical computing activities. The authors focus on physical computing, as finding and fixing hardware and software bugs is a highly contextual pr...

The prominence of artificial intelligence and machine learning in everyday life has led to efforts to foster AI literacy for all K-12 students. In this paper, we review how Hour of Code activities engage with the five big ideas of AI, in particular with machine learning and societal impact. We found that a large majority of activities focus on perc...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how a clinical interview protocol with failure artifact scenarios can capture changes in high school students' explanations of troubleshooting processes in physical computing activities. We focus on physical computing since finding and fixing hardware and software bugs is a highly contextual practice...

In this conceptual paper, we review existing literature on artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) education to identify three approaches to how learning and teaching ML could be conceptualized. One of them, a data-driven approach, emphasizes providing young people with opportunities to create data sets, train, and test models. A second ap...

TikTok, a popular short video sharing application, emerged as the dominant social media platform for young people, with a pronounced influence on how young women and people of color interact online. The application has become a global space for youth to connect with each other, offering not only entertainment but also opportunities to engage with a...

Machine learning (ML) models are fundamentally shaped by data, and building inclusive ML systems requires significant considerations around how to design representative datasets. Yet, few novice-oriented ML modeling tools are designed to foster hands-on learning of dataset design practices, including how to design for data diversity and inspect for...

Background and Context: Few instruments exist to measure students' CS engagement and learning especially in areas where coding happens with creative, project-based learning and in regard to students' self-beliefs about computing. Objective: We introduce the CS Interests and Beliefs Inventory (CSIBI), an instrument designed for novice secondary stud...

Debugging, finding and fixing bugs in code, is a heterogeneous process that shapes novice learners' self-beliefs and motivation in computing. Our Debugging by Design intervention (DbD) provocatively puts students in control over bugs by having them collaborate on designing creative buggy projects during an electronic textiles unit in an introductor...

Understanding how youth make sense of machine learning and how learning about machine learning can be supported in and out of school is more relevant than ever before as young people interact with machine learning powered applications everyday; while connecting with friends, listening to music, playing games, or attending school. In this symposium,...

Stack Overflow provides a popular and practical community for software developers to ask and answer questions related to coding. These answers are ranked by users to evaluate their quality. For newcomers, participating in answering questions can be challenging, as they must learn what the expectations for answers in this online community are. In th...

As several critical issues in computing such as algorithmic bias, discriminatory practices, and techno-solutionism have become more visible, numerous efforts are being proposed to integrate criticality in K-16 computing education. Yet, how exactly these efforts address criticality and translate it into classroom practice is not clear. In this conce...

Background and Context Few instruments exist to measure students’ CS engagement and learning especially in areas where coding happens with creative, project-based learning and in regard to students’ self-beliefs about computing. Objective We introduce the CS Interests and Beliefs Inventory (CSIBI), an instrument designed for novice secondary stude...

As several critical issues in computing such as algorithmic bias, discriminatory practices, and techno-solutionism have become more visible, numerous efforts are being proposed to integrate criticality in K-16 computing education. Yet, how exactly these efforts address criticality and translate it into classroom practice is not clear. In this conce...

Recently, computing education research has foregrounded the need to design activities to promote computational empowerment by engaging learners creatively in the development of technology, fostering critical reflection about computing, and their understanding of the role of computing in society and their own lives. In this paper, we focus on introd...

What does it mean to become a village that learns? In this paper we document the transformative learning journey of a small Thai village over 24 years, becoming a community that identified, tackled, and iterated on problems, altering their everyday practices and lives. In that process the village shifted from a subsistence agricultural community st...

Stack Overflow provides a popular and practical community for software developers to ask and answer questions related to coding. These answers are ranked by users to evaluate their quality. For newcomers, participating in answering questions can be challenging, as they must learn what the expectations for answers in this online community are. In th...

In this paper, we examine a co-design workshop in which youth redesigned a learning activity for critical engagement with computing for the Hour of Code, an annual event that offers hourlong introductory computing activities to youth. We conducted co-design workshops during summer 2021 in two cities with 12 youth of Color (ages 11-15 years), in whi...

Community-generated concepts, namely "germ cells," can be productive to address problem situations. Yet most literature on germ cells accounts for the initial development of concepts and how these create opportunities for learning and concrete application. This taps into only a small part of the potential power of a germ cell to be generative. In t...

As several critical issues in computing such as algorithmic bias, discriminatory practices, techno-solutionism have become more visible, numerous approaches are being proposed to integrate criticality in K-12 computing education. Yet, how exactly these approaches address criticality and translate it into classroom practice is not clear. In this con...

In K-12 computing education, students are usually supported to learn key disciplinary concepts and practices with little attention to critical issues. Rather than separating the two learning goals, we redesigned an electronic textiles learning activity within the Exploring Computer Science introductory curriculum to extend computing concepts and pr...