Luis I Garcia

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Verified

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• PhD
• Researcher at University of Veracruz

Background/Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) for advanced stages, targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the internal globus pallidus (GPi). Despite DBS’s symptomatic benefits, cerebrovascular events (CVEs) remain a concern. This study assessed CVE risk i...

El piso pélvico (PP) es una estructura anatómica compleja que participa en diversas funciones, tales como el soporte de los órganos pélvicos, el control de la continencia y la función sexual. Las alteraciones en esta región tienen un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida de los individuos. Sin embargo, las investigaciones sobre su función y d...

Astrocyte activation is a critical aspect of brain health and disease, and the central circadian clock protein BMAL1 has emerged as a regulator of astrogliosis and inflammatory gene expression. Bmal1 deletion in astrocytes reprograms endolysosomal transcriptional pathways, inducing endocytosis, lysosomal degradation, and autophagic activity. This r...

Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by akinesia/bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability. Within the group of parkinsonisms is Parkinson’s disease, also known as neurodegenerative parkinsonian syndrome. The group of atypical parkinsonisms was established due to the existence of sporadic parkinsonisms tha...

Introduction: The cerebellar response has been studied for years with different models of alteration of other brain structures to understand its complex functioning and its relationship with the rest of the body. Studies in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) showed that the cerebellar function is modified by deficit of the basal ganglia; which...

Although paracetamol is considered a safe medication during pregnancy at therapeutic doses, and despite animal studies showing no negative effects or reporting no adverse effects during pregnancy, there are no well-controlled clinical studies demonstrating the safety for both the mother and fetus. Therefore, its use in this situation depends on the...

The search for new therapies to reduce symptoms and find a cure for Parkinson's disease has focused attention on two key points: the accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates and astrocytes. The former is a hallmark of the disease, while the latter corresponds to a type of glial cell with an important role in both the prevention and development of...

Chronic pain management remains a challenging aspect of neurosurgical care, with facet arthrosis being a significant contributor to the global burden of low back pain. This study evaluates the effectiveness of cryotherapy as a minimally invasive treatment for patients with facet arthrosis. By focusing on reducing drug dependency and pain intensity,...

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative pathology whose pathognomonic hallmarks are increased generation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, production of hyperphosphorylated (pTau), and neuroinflammation. The last is an alteration closely related to the progression of AD and although it is present in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, the pathophysiol...

The twelve cranial nerves play a crucial role in the nervous system, orchestrating a myriad of functions vital for our everyday life. These nerves are each specialized for particular tasks. Cranial nerve I, known as the olfactory nerve, is responsible for our sense of smell, allowing us to perceive and distinguish various scents. Cranial nerve II,...

El autismo, actualmente denominado trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), se define como una alteración del neurodesarrollo caracterizado por dificultades a nivel conductual y sociocomunicativo. Se ha reportado que el TEA presenta una comorbilidad con alteraciones gastrointestinales (GI). Los objetivos de esta revisión fueron tres y estuvieron enfoc...

Preface It is a privilege and a pleasure to introduce this scientific publication that compiles original and review manuscripts in Animal Perinatology. Veterinary medicine is advancing rapidly with the expansion of knowledge and emerging technologies. New medical specialization areas provide more precise understandings of numerous aspects of animal...

The twelve cranial nerves play a crucial role in nervous system, orchestrating a myriad of functions vital for our everyday life. These nerves are each specialized for particular tasks. Cranial Nerve I, known as the olfactory nerve, is responsible for our sense of smell, allowing us to perceive and distinguish various scents. Cranial Nerve II, or t...

La enfermedad de Parkinson es una afección neurológica crónica que se caracteriza por la presencia de anormalidades en el movimiento, tales como bradicinesia, rigidez, temblor, inestabilidad postural y trastornos de la marcha y del habla. En lo que respecta al tratamiento, por años ha sido aceptado que la terapia de reemplazo de dopamina es la opci...

El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) pertenece al grupo de trastornos del neurodesarrollo. De acuerdo con la quinta edición del Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de desórdenes mentales (DSM-5) las personas con TEA se caracterizan por presentar alteraciones en la interacción y la comunicación social, así como intereses restringidos y comportamient...

Understanding the autonomic supply at the gastrointestinal tract is one of the significant challenges for science. Its complex network of neurons exists on a broad evolutionary scale, from Hydra to mammals, and in a higher number than those found in the vertebrate spinal cord. Inside the gastrointestinal tract, enteric neurons regulate several func...

Autism in humans is a lifelong behavioral disorder that typically manifests in early infancy, primarily affecting boys. It arises from neurodevelopmental changes that significantly impact social behavior, with the cerebellum being one of the principal affected regions. In this study, we investigated the cerebellum in an autism animal model, recordi...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is known for its motor alterations, but the importance of non-motor symptoms (NMSs), such as olfactory dysfunction (OD), is increasingly recognized. OD may manifest during the prodromal period of the disease, even before motor symptoms appear. Therefore, it is suggested that this symptom could be considered a marker of PD....

Citation: Vásquez-Celaya, L.; Marín-Márquez, G.; Manzo, J.; Carrillo-Castilla, P.; Martínez, A.J.; Ortiz Pulido, R.; Zempoalteca Ramírez, R.; Coria-Avila, G.A.; García, L.I. Electrophysiological Characterization of Cerebellar Responses during Exploration and Grooming Behaviors in a Rat Model of Parkinsonism. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 537. https://doi. A...

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease whose progression and clinical characteristics have a close bidirectional and multilevel relationship with the process of neuroinflammation. In this context, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms involved in this neuroinflammation–PD link. This systematic search was, hereby, conducted with a...

Autism is a complex alteration in children’s developing nervous system that manifests in behavioral patterns that do not match those of typical subjects. Moreover, starting at puberty, these children may encounter problems regarding social interaction related to sexual encounters. As studies are scarce, we used the valproate model of autism in the...

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive deterioration of superior brain functions especially memory which generally affects older adults. Animal models of Alzheimer's are partially representative of the disease conditions under study since there is no model that fully incorporates all the characteristics that...

Simple Summary Maternal behavior involves active and passive responses associated with the willingness to nurse and protect the young. In some species, its expression is very selective toward individuals that are recognized as their own and may be long-lasting, whereas in other species the expression is not as selective or may be short-lasting. Bra...

For years, the biochemical processes that are triggered by harmful and non-harmful stimuli at the central nervous system level have been extensively studied by the scientific community through numerous techniques and animal models. For example, one of these techniques is the use of immediate expression genes, which is a useful, accessible, and reli...

Abstract Objective: It is necessary to study the main comorbidities of Parkinson’s disease that causes this increase in hospitalization. The aim of the study was to compare the mean days of hospital stay of patients with Parkinson’s disease plus a comorbidity against the mean days of hospital stay without that comorbidity and to report those which...

Introduction: The cerebellar response has been studied for years with different models of alteration of other brain structures to understand its complex functioning and its relationship with the rest of the body. Studies in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) showed that the cerebellar function is modified by deficit of the basal ganglia; which...

Las infecciones por virus pertenecientes a la familia Coronaviridae son agentes causales de patologías respiratorias, hepáticas, intestinales y ocasionalmente neurológicas. Pueden provocar un ictus isquémico y hemorragia cerebral por diversos mecanismos. Este artículo es observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, descriptivo. Serie de casos de ictu...

El autismo es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que se presenta en niños y tiene al cerebelo como una de las principales áreas afectadas, incluyendo alteraciones en la neurotransmisión del ácido gamma-aminobutírico (GABA). Esto ha estimulado el desarrollo de tratamientos dirigidos al sistema GABAérgico, aunque también se sabe que el ambiente enrique...

En el Sistema Nervioso Central existen diferentes tipos de neuronas. Una de ellas son las células motoras o motoneuronas. Estas células son de gran importancia ya que llevan la información a los músculos del cuerpo. Debido a la degeneración de neuronas motoras piramidales en la corteza motora, neuronas del tallo cerebral y neuronas del asta anterio...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure used to treat various neurological pathologies, being its greatest use in movement disorders. The FDA first approved deep brain stimulation in 1997 to treat essential tremor, in 2002 it was approved for Parkinson's disease, in 2003 for dystonia, and in 2009 for obsessive compulsive disorder. Howe...

The prostate is an accessory sex gland responsible for producing and excreting prostate fluid. In the male rat, hormones such as testosterone (T) and prolactin (PRL) and the pelvic and hypogastric nerves regulate the gland, providing afferent information and adrenergic and cholinergic innervation to the prostate. Damages in the innervation or alter...

The cerebellum is a small structure of the Central Nervous System that occupies 10% of the total volume of the brain, connecting to the brain and the brainstem through the cerebellar peduncles. Its anatomical division is based on three criteria: midline, fissures, and phylogeny. Based on these criteria, the cerebellum is divided into three layers (...

Brain mechanisms of sexual attraction toward reproductive partners develop from a systematic interrelationship between biology (nature) and learning (nurture). However, the causes of attraction toward non-reproductive partners are poorly understood. Here, we explored the role of Pavlovian learning under dopaminergic agonism on the development of se...

Background: Autism spectrum disorder is an alteration of neurodevelopment with a conspicuous display of behaviors in children between 2 and 3 years of age. Basic behavioral manifestations are social isolation, language impairment, and motor problems. However, there are also manifestations related to sensory perception, although knowledge about tact...

Objectives Alzheimer’s disease is complex and involves several proteins. Most affected are Tau protein and amyloid precursor protein (APP) which, when cleaved by the enzymes β-secretase (BACE1) and γ -secretase (Nicastrin), yield the amyloid peptide. Although these processes take place mainly in neurons, it is not exclusive of them, as glia cells a...

La música es una expresión artística establecida durante la evolución, existen en el cerebro regiones especializadas para su percepción, elaboración y ejecución. La percepción musical activa al sistema nervioso autónomo que modula cambios cardiorrespiratorios. En el autismo se presenta una actividad autonómica elevada, por ello el objetivo aquí fue...

La médula espinal constituye parte del Sistema Nervioso Central junto con el cerebro, el cerebelo y el tallo cerebral; siendo un puente de información sensorial, motora y autonómica entre las estructuras supraespinales y la periferia. La médula espinal es considerada como la vía de comunicación entre los núcleos encefálicos con los demás órganos de...

In this work, we report the cognitive benefits of playing chess for school-aged children. The most benefitted areas appear to be math and reading. To validate these results, a diversity of scientific studies are described, in which brain activation is demonstrated through magnetic resonance imaging when novice, intermediate, and advance chess playe...

El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) comprende un complejo de alteraciones neurales del desarrollo, manifestadas de manera heterogénea pero destacando características constantes de anormalidades neuroanatómicas y funcionales en la estructura cerebelar. En este contexto se cuenta con amplia evidencia de que el sistema endocanabinoide desempeña un...

La enfermedad de Parkinson es una patología neurodegenerativa que afecta la motricidad de los pacientes, la cual tiene como alteraciones principales: temblor en estado de reposo, bradicinesia, rigidez y alteración postural. Sin embargo, no son las únicas alteraciones que permiten reconocer la aparición de la enfermedad, pues existe sintomatología n...

En el presente trabajo estudiamos la conducta sexual y la histología de la próstata en un modelo de autismo en ratas macho. Los machos autistas presentaron todos los parámetros conocidos de la copula pero la mayoría de ellos fuera de los niveles normales. Los patrones de conducta indicaron un decremento en el estado motivacional y una reducción en...

The cerebellum is a structure of the central nervous system which has been previously studied with different techniques and animal models and even humans, so it is associated with multiple functions such as cognition, memory, emotional processing, balance, control of movement, among others. Its relationship with sensory systems has already been exp...

Purpose of Review The aim of this review is to provide current evidence on the biological and psychological mechanisms that underlie sexual partner preferences (SPP) in humans and animals. Recent Findings SPP depend mainly on prenatal (adaptive) organization of the brain, but can be drastically modified via learning under enhanced dopaminergic (DA...

Sexual preferences can be strongly modified by Pavlovian learning. For instance, olfactory conditioned same-sex partner preference can occur when a sexually naïve male cohabits with an scented male during repeated periods under the effects of enhanced D2-type activity. Preference is observed days later via social and sexual behaviors. Herein we exp...

El trastorno del espectro autista se manifiesta con una serie de alteraciones sensoriales y del comportamiento de distinta intensidad y severidad, por lo que su diagnóstico se basa en la evaluación conductual. La activación sensorial auditiva, mediante la estimulación musical, es una de las intervenciones que se han implementado para revertir este...

Poster #67.20 Sexual preferences can be strengthened, weakened or drastically modified via conditioning, specially during certain neurochemical states. For example, cohabitation with another individual under the effects of Quinpirole (a D2-type receptor agonist) induces a conditioned socio-sexual partner preference. Such preference is powerful enou...

The cerebellum is a complex structure mainly recognized for its participation in motor activity and balance, and less understood for its role in olfactory processing. Herein, we assessed Fos immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) in the cerebellar vermis following exposure to different odors during sexual training in male rats. Males were allowed to copulate fo...

The dopamine D2-type receptor agonist quinpirole (QNP) facilitates the development of conditioned same-sex partner preference in males during cohabitation, but not in ovariectomized (OVX) females, primed with estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone (P). Herein we tested the effects of QNP on OVX, EB-only primed females. Females received a systemic...

Cortical motor areas are influenced not only by peripheral sensory afferents and prefrontal association areas, but also by the basal ganglia, specifically the striatum. The dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and dorsolateral striatum are involved in both spatial and stimulus-response learning; however, each of these areas may mediate different components o...

Sexual partner preferences can be strengthened, weakened or even drastically modified via Pavlovian conditioning. For example, conditioned same-sex partner preference develops in sexually-naïve male rats that undergo same-sex cohabitation under the effects of quinpirole (QNP, D2 agonist). Here, we assessed the effect of prior heterosexual experienc...

Introduction: Cortical motor areas are influenced not only by peripheral sensory afferents and prefrontal association areas, but also by the basal ganglia, specifically the striatum. The dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and dorsolateral striatum are involved in both spatial and stimulus-response learning; however, each of these areas may mediate differen...

Unlabelled: The prostate is an exocrine reproductive gland that participates in ejaculation and it is prone to diseases, including cancer. Aim: In the pre-sent study, we assessed the long-term effects of copulation on the development of precancerous lesions in rats, and compared them with testosterone-induced prostatic lesions. Materials and me...

Introduction: Cortical motor areas are influenced not only by peripheral sensory afferents and prefrontal association areas, but also by the basal ganglia, specifically the striatum. The dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and dorsolateral striatum are involved in both spatial and stimulus-response learning; however, each of these areas may mediate differe...

http://ebooks.uv.mx/product/neurofisiologa-de-la-conducta El cerebro es el órgano más complejo e importante de cualquier ser vivo. Su funcionamiento adecuado nos permite sentir, desear, buscar, obtener y decidir entre lo que es biológicamente importante o no. Por lo tanto, el cerebro es el principal sensor e integrador de información externa (se p...

Cerebral ischaemia is one of the most common neurological diseases worldwide. Its many sequelae range from motor and sensory symptoms to cognitive decline and dementia. Animal models of cerebral ischaemia/hypoperfusion elicit effects on long term memory; however, the effects of these procedures on short term memory are not clearly understood and ef...

The cerebellum has been linked to multiple functions, such as motor control, cognition, memory, and emotional processing. As for its involvement in the sensory systems, the role of the cerebellum in the sense of smell remains unclear. We suggest that sexually naive male rats will present increased neuronal activity in the cerebellar vermis after be...

Male rats display a conditioned ejaculatory preference for females that bear olfactory cues associated with ejaculation + the postejaculatory interval (PEI), or with the PEI alone. This indicates that exposure to a partner during the PEI is necessary and sufficient for the development of conditioned sexual partner preference. In the present study w...

Introduction Cerebral ischaemia is one of the most common neurological diseases worldwide. Its many sequelae range from motor and sensory symptoms to cognitive decline and dementia. Animal models of cerebral ischaemia/hypoperfusion elicit effects on long term memory; however, the effects of these procedures on short term memory are not clearly unde...

Introduction The cerebellum has been linked to multiple functions, such as motor control, cognition, memory, and emotional processing. As for its involvement in the sensory systems, the role of the cerebellum in the sense of smell remains unclear. We suggest that sexually naive male rats will present increased neuronal activity in the cerebellar ve...

The suggestion of an anatomical and functional relationship between the basal ganglia and cerebellum is recent. Traditionally, these structures were considered as neuronal circuits working separately to organize and control goal-directed movements and cognitive functions. However, several studies in rodents and primates have described an anatomical...

Tremulous jaw movement (TJMs) in rats can be induced pharmacologically by striatal dopaminergic manipulation or electrolytic lesion of ventrolateral striatum (VLS). This tremor has neurochemical, anatomical and electromyographic (EMG) characteristics similar to those of tremor in Parkinson patients. However, the EMG characteristics of tremors gener...

Introduction Tremulous jaw movement (TJMs) in rats can be induced pharmacologically by striatal dopaminergic manipulation or electrolytic lesion of ventrolateral striatum (VLS). This tremor has neurochemical, anatomical and electromyographic (EMG) characteristics similar to those of tremor in Parkinson patients. However, the EMG characteristics of...

Incidence of status epilepticus (SE) is higher in children than in adults and SE can be induced in developing rats. The cerebellum can be affected after SE; however, consequences of cerebellar amino acid transmission have been poorly studied. The goal of this study was to determine amino acid tissue concentration and GABA(A) receptor binding in the...

Five drugs are currently approved for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease; nevertheless, we have faced the challenge to respond to family members of these patients the reason why they observe a limited improvement from these treatments. Although both acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine are correctly designed and they show an adequate per...

Una de las características que diferencian a los humanos del resto de los organismos es su extraordinaria habilidad para explo- rar y adaptarse al medio ambiente que lo rodea. Los seres humanos han sido capaces de crear un entorno complejo en donde se desenvuelven. Estas complejas habilidades dependen de un elaborado sistema de receptores sensorial...

The effects of the dopamine D2-type receptor agonist quinpirole (QNP) were examined on the development of conditioned same-sex partner preference induced by cohabitation in rats. In Experiment 1, males received either saline or QNP (1.25mg/kg) and cohabited during three trials with almond-scented stimulus males that were sexually naïve. In Experime...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, originating sporadically in the population aged over 65 years, and advanced age is the principal risk factor leading to AD development. In spite of the large amount of research going on around the globe and all the information now available about AD, there is still no origin or...

The sexual behavior of male rats constitutes a natural model to study learning of motor skills at the level of the central nervous system. We previously showed that sexual behavior increases Fos expression in granule cells at lobules 6 to 9 of the vermis cerebellum. Herein, we obtained multiunit recordings of lobules 6a and 7 during the training pe...

Learning can affect many aspects of sexual behavior. Learning may increase or decrease an animal´s sensitivity to respond to internal and external stimuli which trigger its own sexual desire and indicate who is a potencial mate and what a sexual incentive is. This occurs as a result of two learning mechanisms, Pavlovian Conditioning and Instrumenta...

Introducción: El cerebelo es una estructura clave para el control del movimiento. Aquí planteamos la pregunta sobre su papel en el aprendizaje y ejecución de la conducta sexual de la rata macho. El estudio se enfocó en las fluctuaciones de receptores a canabinoides, que están directamente implicados en la depresión a largo plazo, uno de los mecanis...

It is known that hormones influence significantly the prostate tissue. However, we reported that mating induces an increase in androgen receptors, revealing a neural influence on the gland. These data suggested that somatic afferents (scrotal and genitofemoral nerves) and autonomic efferents (pelvic and hypogastric nerves) could regulate the struct...

Resumen El problema que plantea el estudio de la enfermedad de Alzheimer, aparte de ser una enfermedad multigénica, es que no se tiene un modelo de estudio ya sea in vivo o in vitro que nos permita entender, de manera factible, como es que se inicia la enfermedad. Los modelos hasta ahora propuestos son ratas o ratones transgénicos, sin embargo ésto...

Increasing evidence has involved the cerebellum in functions beyond the sphere of motor control. In the present article, we review evidence that involves the cerebellum in addictive behaviour. We aimed on molecular and cellular targets in the cerebellum where addictive drugs can act and induce mechanisms of neuroplasticity that may contribute to th...

RESUMEN La epilepsia es una alteración del sistema nervioso central caracterizada por crisis recurrentes y espontáneas, causadas por un incremento y sincronización anormales de la actividad eléctrica neuronal. Si bien la epilepsia es de origen multifactorial, los mecanismos neurales que la originan aún no se conocen con detalle, y todavía hay vario...

To analyse the biological and neural bases of partner preference formation in rodents as models to understand human pair bonding. Rodents are social individuals, capable of forming short- or long-lasting partner preferences that develop slowly by stimuli like cohabitation, or rapidly by stimuli like sex and stress. Dopamine, corticosteroids, oxytoc...

The cerebellum is considered a center underlying fine movements, cognition, memory and sexual responses. The latter feature led us to correlate sexual arousal and copulation in male rats with neural activity at the cerebellar cortex. Two behavioral paradigms were used in this investigation: the stimulation of males by distant receptive females (non...

INTRODUCCIÓN Entender las bases neurales de la preferencia de pareja observa-da en los animales puede ayudar a explicar la neurobiología de los vínculos afectivos de pareja en los humanos [1-3]. La im-portancia de ampliar nuestros conocimientos al respecto es ob-via, pues se sabe que la formación de nuevos vínculos afectivos puede ir acompañada de...

The prostate is a sexual gland producing decisive substances for the potency of sperms to fertilize eggs at the female reproductive tract. Its location influences several functions as those related to micturition, seminal emission and ejaculation, and has a differential role in its two regions, the dorsolateral and the ventral prostate. The two reg...

The prostate is a sexual gland producing decisive substances for the potency of sperms to fertilize eggs at the female reproductive tract. Its location influences several functions as those related to micturition, seminal emission and ejaculation, and has a differential role in its two regions, the dorsolateral and the ventral prostate. The two reg...

The scrotum, representing the pouch surrounding the testes and their associated structures, plays a significant role in maintaining the gonad at a temperature lower than that of the body. Although thermoregulation of the testes has been ascribed as a main function of the scrotum, here we found that mechanical stimulation of the scrotum is important...

The prostate is a sexual gland that produces important substances for the potency of sperm to fertilize eggs within the female reproductive tract, and is under complex endocrine control. Taking advantage of the peculiar behavioral pattern of copulating male rats, we developed experimental paradigms to determine the influence of sexual behavior on t...

The prostate is a key gland in the sexual physiology of male mammals. Its sensitivity to steroid hormones is widely known, but its response to prolactin is still poorly known. Previous studies have shown a correlation between sexual behaviour, prolactin release and prostate physiology. Thus, here we used the sexual behaviour of male rats as a model...

The scrotal nerves in the rat were studied electrophysiologically to describe their topographic organization in the skin and in the dorsal roots, and to determine if the electrical properties of these afferents are under the influence of testosterone. There are 2 afferent nerve branches innervating this area, the proximal scrotal branch supplying t...

Sexually experienced Wistar male rats were used to investigate (a) urine voiding in the presence of nearby estrous females and the control of such voiding by (b) steroid hormones and (c) peripheral nerves supplying the genitourinary system. The first experiment showed that males always have a low rate of urine voiding that is significantly increase...