Luigi Parise

Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS · Funzione Ingegneria delle Infrastrutture

The protection system for the structures against lightning is basically constituted by means of an air termination system, down-conductors and a ground-termination system. The IEC standard 62305 introduces the rolling sphere method to analyze and to design the protected volumes of air-termination systems with a complex configuration. In order to av...

This article analyzes improvement criteria for the service continuity, design, construction, and verification of electrical systems in road tunnels. Fire prevention in road tunnels must satisfy the primary safety objectives relating to the safeguarding of people and the protection of assets against fire risks, complying with the sustainability crit...

The topology of power systems can allow, by design, operational performances for service continuity. Critical facilities such as hospitals and data centers need fortified microsystems with a plurality of supplying sources to provide an adequate reliability of service continuity under normal conditions and for catastrophic events. Management is a ne...

International policies incentive the reduction of energy consumptions in domestic dwellings and the use of energy from renewable sources, but do not sufficiently support their safety. Many domestic dwellings in many countries operate with the supplying neutral grounded (T) and with all the exposed conductive parts isolated (I) that is with a “TI-sy...

IoT innovations produce interesting opportunities, impact ethical and social aspects towards human society and influence operational and technical solutions towards the structural systems. This paper discusses the impact of some relevant characteristics of the IoT innovations. Significant debated aspects are the product discontinuity in the global...

An advanced guideline is required to support the design of power supply systems for performances of service continuity and power outage resilience, which are vital for hospital power systems and strategic operational structures (SOS). The supply sources, the power system topology and its management are fundamental in guaranteeing the electrical res...

The design criteria of powers systems for critical loads has to guarantee their continuous availability. This paper suggests modules of system as reference topologies for data centers, recommending at least a dual-connected utility supply. These modules of system aim to guarantee the service continuity of the loads and, in particular, of the critic...

Adjacent-grounding systems, in metropolitan areas, are usually interfering, because moreover common external conductive parts interconnect naturally them. Their integration to constitute a grounding microgrid system GMS allows making each grounding system more extended than its ground electrode. It assists resolutely to present limited touch voltag...

Lighting systems with a big number of luminaires in large halls are a case of distributed loads that need topologies with modularity, whenever possible to ensure a uniform distribution of the supplying circuits, an easier installation, management and maintenance. The LED luminaires give a great impact on the system operation due to their auxiliary...

International guidelines have defined various aspects relating to electric vehicles that this paper presents briefly. International directives promote the adoption of electric vehicles, but does not plan an adequate revision of the electric distribution and of its present regulation to make efficient the promotion. The vehicle charging systems achi...

In electrical power systems, cords and extension cords are exposed to mechanical damage and other insulation stresses. Mechanical damage to the stranded conductors can reduce locally their cross section or break them and cause anomalous local conditions of overheating or arcing. The ordinary protective devices cannot detect the series faults that p...

This article deals with the known contrast between what might be called the certain logic required by judicial proceedings and the uncertain logic of engineering evaluation. For accident cases that require a risk assessment, this study offers a solution to adopt a division of accident-related trials into two different levels: 1) an engineering leve...

In power systems that comply with best practices, electrical ignition theoretically remains possible only when there is an accident. Generally, if there is a fire, it is not easy to identify its origin because everything is destroyed. In an effort to assist fire investigations, this article suggests a deductive approach in testing possible hypothes...

This paper discusses of electrical distribution for refrigerated containers (reefers) in port terminals, characterized as parks of uniform distributed loads. Power systems of uniform distributed loads need configurations with modularity whenever possible, to ensure an easier installation, operation and maintenance with significant cost reductions....

This paper deals with the impact of IoT on the human society that produces opportunities for exciting innovations. IoT impacts ethical and social aspects towards human society, as individuals and as community, operational and global aspects towards the technical systems. It is a generator of individual and collective advantages that can be expropri...

An optimized system management of a commercial and industrial power system must take care of the actual operational and energetic duty of the power system distribution. A procedure based on the Arrhenius model of the Thermal Aging of Insulating Materials allows introducing the relative time coefficient (RTC) and promoting a heuristic method, as a r...

Buildings with mixed residential and commercial units show relevant power peak that are further increased by shifting from gas-driven systems to electric source. The proposed solution is to organize a microgrid for such type of buildings, aggregating different users with a common electric distribution system with a single connection to the grid, a...

For the street light systems the worldwide trend of electrical standards encourages the adoption of class II equipment such as the light fixtures, the cabling systems and other components with double insulation. In installations of a largest number of light poles, a safety degradation could be possible and so dangerous electrical potentials may app...

The European approach underlines the equipment integrity for the safety against electrical hazards “giving collective protective measures priority over individual protective measures” and promotes passive measures against the electric shock that assists to prevent the arc flash hazard. The IEC-EN passive measures are based on the IP code, safety pr...

This paper deals with an innovative design strategy of building power systems by introducing criteria based on both the “installation approach” and the “operating approach” applying PDCA cycle. The In-Op design of the electrical power systems takes care the worst cases of configurations, adequate gaps on load in selecting the rating of components,...

This paper introduces a characterization of a single Grounding System (GS) or a set of interconnected GSs, according to their safety level and defines their condition of “conventionally safe” and “intrinsically safe”. GSs or a set of them are intrinsically safe, if they guarantee safe touch/step voltages permanently permissible for an assigned grou...

Paper discusses the reduction of the maximum power demand of shore-to-ship cranes from the supply power system by the implementation of ultra-capacitors and flywheel’s that locally store up and compensate a rate of the power demand and by a power optimization tool that shaves the maximum peak of a cranes’ group, coordinating their duty cycles. Thes...

The paper presents a feasible model of architecture for the technical building systems (TBS) particularly suitable for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs). The suggested model aggregates the users around an electric node, in order to reach up the threshold value of electric power and to get a more virtuous and flexible cumulative load profile. Pre...

Each grounding system (GS) needs periodical measurements to control its adequacy to the safety conditions. The tests of step and touch voltages are the sole measurements available in urban or industrial areas with reduced accessibility. In fact, in these areas, the classic measurements used to verify the electrical characteristics of the GS general...

When a single line to ground fault (SLGF) happens on the MV side of an HV/MV system, only a small portion of the fault current is injected into the ground by the ground grid of the faulty substation. In fact, the fault current is distributed between grounding electrodes and MV cables sheaths. In systems with isolated neutral or with resonant earthi...

Air pollution regulations are forcing ports all over the world to implement Alternative Maritime Power (AMP) solutions to improve the air quality of port areas. At this aim, the port operators have to provide safe and reliable electrical connections to the docked ships. The IEC/ISO/IEEE 80005-1 standard identifies the global criteria that allow shi...

The paper presents a feasible model of architecture for the technical building systems (TBS) particularly suitable for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs). NZEBs are buildings where the energetic consumption are optimized by means of solutions that drastically reduce both electric and thermal demand, while residual required energy has to be provid...

Port facilities have to be organized as microgrids to pursue an efficient electrical utilization based on the four “l”- pillars in the sustainable energy use: levelled, less, local, load (lelelolo). This paper deals with the special case of STS cranes characterized by high power peaks and a low load factor that require an over-sized electrical netw...

Each grounding system (GS) needs periodical measurements to control its adequacy to the safety conditions. The tests of step and touch voltages are the sole measurements available in urban or industrial areas with reduced accessibility. In fact, in these areas, the classic measurements used to verify the electrical characteristics of the GS present...

Air pollution regulations are forcing ports all over the world to implement Alternative Maritime Power (AMP) solutions to improve the air quality of port areas. At this aim, the port operators have to provide safe and reliable electrical connections to the docked ships. The IEC/ISO/IEEE 80005-1 standard identifies the global criteria that allow shi...

International Standards define a Global Earthing System as an earthing net created interconnecting local Earthing Systems (generally through the shield of MV cables and/or bare buried conductors). In Italy the Regulatory Authority for Electricity and Gas requires Distributors to guarantee the electrical continuity of LV neutral conductor. This requ...

Due to the increasing amount of energy consumption and CO2 emissions, Building Automation Systems have been developed in order to increase energy performance in buildings and guarantee indoor comfort at the same time. However, along with the development of the hardware itself, the need to develop also suitable control systems and methods for improv...

This paper analyzes crane power supply, typical distribution schemes in typical container terminals, the different system grounding techniques and their impact on the service continuity of cranes. On the primary and secondary MV distribution systems, provided by loop configuration, service continuity can be achieved also by TN-systems, with automat...

Grounding systems (GSs) must be tested periodically in order to maintain the touch voltage (TV) and step voltage (SV) below a safe value in all of the zones of the installation. Measurements of the ground resistance and of the TV and SV are typically done by the fall-of-potential (FoP) method, locating the auxiliary current electrode at remote dist...

This paper suggests an advanced approach in the verification of the adequacy of a grounding system (GS) located in a common zone of influence with other GSs, taking into account the mutual interferences between the GSs. In fact, the presence of other GSs can transfer inadmissible touch and step voltages on the testing GS, particularly sensitive for...

The IEC Standard 61936-1 “Power installations exceeding 1 kV a.c.” defines the “Global Grounding System” (GGS) as an equivalent grounding system that ensures “no dangerous touch voltages”. This paper deals with an analysis of the parameters that characterize the behavior of Grounding Systems (GSs) operating in the same zone of influence and propose...

Papers, books and standards consider the problem of mutual interactions of ground systems (GSs) by experimental data, parametric curves, mathematical approaches and computer programs. This paper aims to analyze the physical phenomenon and basics, exemplifying the interference between ground systems, such as their comparability, common intersection,...

By design, the power-system architectures of hospitals support enhanced electrical behavior that is also adequate to withstand external forces, such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, applying a "Darwinian" approach. The architecture of the power system, supported by supervision control systems and business continuity management (BCM), must guarant...

In this paper ports power systems are described focusing analysis on typical container terminals, which have large power consumption loads in a typical port facility. Energy distribution organization of recurring electrical schemes are analyzed. Moreover, effects of ground faults in different power system sections are addressed as well as their imp...

For reducing pollution of ports, since they are frequently very close to residential districts, the docked ships are required to shut down on board generators. There are some solutions in development focused on pollution reduction, such as permissible fuels for docked ship, “scrubbers”, the cold ironing. The cold ironing or shore to ship consists i...

The adoption of an interior lighting control system could be an efficient solution to reduce the amount of the electrical energy used for the medium and large tertiary and commercial buildings. The adequate regulation of the control system is essential but not simple to identify. The system programmer must do it at the installation start-up of the...

The adequacy of a Grounding System (GS) to the safety conditions has to be periodically tested by measurements. The test methods and techniques used to verify the electrical characteristics of the GS include the measurements of step and touch voltages. The goal of the test is to verify that touch voltage and step voltage remain below a safe value i...

In electrical power systems, such as data centers and hospitals, where service continuity is essential, the electrical operation needs a skilled organization and a team available at all times (24/7) to have a fast emergency response. The hospital management considers doctors, surgeons, administrators, medical devices rightly at the forefront, but e...

The present paper presents the preliminary results of the ongoing Italian METERGLOB project on the contribution given by the exposed conductive parts to a Global Grounding System. One of the expected results of METERGLOB is to carry out guidelines for the identification of a Global Grounding System. These guidelines must be defined on the basis of...

When a single line to ground fault happens on the MV side of a HV/MV system, only a small portion of the fault current is injected into the ground by the ground-grid of the faulty substation. In fact the fault current is distributed between grounding electrodes and MV cables sheaths. In systems with isolated neutral or with resonant earthing this m...

International Standards define a Global Earthing System as an earthing net created interconnecting local Earthing Systems (generally through the shield of MV cables and/or bare buried conductors). In Italy the Regulatory Authority for Electricity and Gas requires Distributors to guarantee the electrical continuity of LV neutral conductor. This requ...

The paper presents features and protections that the system shall to have in operating theaters and intensive care units (group 2 medical locations) to avoid power outage for fault due to ground faults, overcurrents and overvoltages and interference problems to medical electrical (ME) equipment due to electromagnetic compatibility. The overload, in...

In city centers, urban or industrial areas, the grounding systems (GSs) interact naturally because they share common zones of influence. IEC Standard 61936-1 defines the 'global grounding system' (GGS), as consisting of elements that are essentially interconnected such as the metal sheaths of MV cables. This paper deals with an analysis of the para...

This paper discusses the design criteria for the electrical systems of roadway tunnels with particular regard to the safety in the daily operation and in the case of fire events. It proposes a fit distribution system and an adaptive criterion for the support lighting system in order to minimize costs and energy impact. Electric systems of roadway t...

Workers may still be at risk of electric shock even in de-energized electrical conditions of work.

The design of electrical power distribution system of Marinas requires a special architecture to supply the distributed loads constituted by pleasure crafts. It must also provide for solutions to possible stray currents circulating through the earth and the water that can cause electrical hazards and corrosions. The authors suggest the adoption of...

The quantity of artificial light necessary in a road tunnel depends on the external luminance, the climatic conditions, the road surface wet or dry, the traffic speed and the related safe driver stopping distance. The design of the lighting system takes into account these parameters assuming critical conditions. This may result in very high electri...

The amount of the electrical energy used for the interior lighting of medium and large buildings is generally considerable. The European Standard EN15193 was devised to establish conventions and procedures for the estimation of energy requirements of lighting in buildings by an energy performance numeric indicator. This methodology is based on the...

The paper deals with the relevance of analyzing the necessary development and of proposing a plan for research and remodeling the electrical infrastructures of port facilities. Good energy management principles, as well as electrical distribution architecture have a vital impact on performance of the installed system throughout its