Luigi Laino

• Professor (Associate) at University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"

Purpose Surgical guides are medical devices used in static implant surgery to replicate the prosthetic and surgical implant position planned with computer‐assisted software before surgery. Their use reduces invasiveness and improves safety and outcomes of implant surgery, provided that their accuracy is ensured from design to manufacturing and then...

This study investigates the efficacy of Kinesio taping (KT) in reducing postoperative discomfort, including edema, trismus, and pain, following mandibular third molar extraction. A prospective randomized split-mouth design was employed, involving 7 patients with impacted mandibular third molars. KT was applied immediately postsurgery, and outcomes...

(1) Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a major public health challenge worldwide, with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) being the predominant form. Despite advances in treatment, OSCC remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic efficacy. This study reviews omics technologies to assess...

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are often diagnosed at advanced stages, incurring significant high mortality and morbidity. Several microRNAs (miRs) have been identified as pivotal players in the onset and advancement of HNSCCs, operating as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Distinctive miR patterns identified in tumor samples,...

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of surgical guides for static computer-aided implant placements processed using milling or 3D printing. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed on electronic databases inclusive of PUBMED, SCOPUS, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EBSCO host Resea...

Soft tissue regeneration holds significant promise for addressing various clinical challenges, ranging from craniofacial and oral tissue defects to blood vessels, muscle, and fibrous tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising tool in regenerative medicine due to their unique characteristics and potential to diffe...

Background: The accuracy of surgical guides is a relevant factor in both surgical safety and prosthetic implications. The impact of widespread fabrication technologies (milling and 3D printing) was investigated. Methods: Surgical guides manufactured by means of two specific milling and 3D-printing systems were digitized and compared in a 3D analysi...

Dental injuries affect different patients every day in conditions that can range from domestic, work, or road accidents. As for traumas in the age of development, the field is restricted to domestic, sports, and school environments. The purpose of this study was to clarify the current protocols in the literature to limit and manage this type of pat...

Aim This study was performed to histologically evaluate peri-coronal tissues of partially impacted and erupted third molars that did not exhibit pathologic peri-coronal radiolucency. Materials and methods Healthy patients with erupted or partially erupted (with part or all of the dental crown present in the oral cavity) mandibular third molars (cl...

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the influence of prosthetic features on marginal bone level changes around bone-level implants with external hex connection. Materials and methods: 100 patients with 166 implants and cemented crowns were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Prosthetic features,...

Background: Hepatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by several viruses including hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. This condition can affect the oral health of patients and increase the risk of complications during dental management. The clinical management of hepatitis patients in the dental setting requ...

Introduction: The present randomized split-mouth study aimed to investigate the clinical effectiveness of postoperative discomfort of the use of a surgical drain after lower third molar extraction. Materials and methods: It was conducted a prospective randomized split-mouth study involving 30 patients with bilateral symmetric lower third molar....

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at investigate the role of locally delivered host-modulators in combination with step 2 of periodontal therapy in reducing probing pocket depth, improving clinical attachment level and reducing bone defect depth in intra-bony defects. Highlight: RCT with at least 6 months follow-up were...

Objective: To explore the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) and whether there is a correlation between TMD prevalence and MS severity. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Lilacs were systematically searched until July 30 2022, to identify studies presenting patients affected by MS an...

Background: Elastodontic therapy can correct bad oral habits and malocclusions in young patients by guiding jaw growth, eliminating functional disorders, and improving tooth position. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of bio-activator therapy on the presence of atypical swallowing with tongue thrust in growing patients. Methods: A...

Background Antibiotic prophylaxis during implant placement may improve implant short term survival. Nevertheless, use of antibiotics carries risks of adverse effects and antibiotic resistance. The aim of the present study is to compare the use of antibiotics in dental implant procedures in terms of costs and effectiveness. Methods A decision-tree...

Purpose: Manufacturing-related inaccuracies of surgical guides for static computer-aided implant surgery may contribute to the overall potential error in the obtained implant position. Measuring such inaccuracies before surgery may provide quality control assessment and improve the safety and outcomes of guided implant surgery. This technical repo...

Purpose: To analyze, in vitro, the dimensional stability over time of 3D-printed surgical guides. Materials and methods: Ten surgical guides, manufactured by digital light processing 3D-printing technology, were scanned immediately after post-processing and then after 5, 10, 15, and 20 days. The corresponding standard tessellation language (STL)...

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with high recurrence, metastasis, and poor treatment outcome. Prognostic survival biomarkers can be a valid tool for assessing a patient's life expectancy and directing therapy toward specific targets. Recent studies have reported microRNA (miR) mig...

Oral carcinoma represents one of the main carcinomas of the head and neck region, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. Smoking and tobacco use are recognized risk factors. Prognostic survival biomarkers can be a valid tool for assessing a patient's life expectancy and directing therapy towards specific targets. Among the biomarkers, the al...

Purpose: The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the available evidence in the literature to answer the following focused question: In partially edentulous arches with reduced bone width, do implants placed after horizontal bone augmentation exhibit differences in survival and success rate compared to narrow-diameter i...

The mandibular retro-dental trigone, a region laying right behind the third or second lower molar, is a rather small anatomical area, where genetic-driven and epigenetic events do actually combine to determine skull and mandibular development in a wide number of mammal species. Here we describe some areas, comprised in the retro dental region, that...

The fracture of endodontic instruments inside the canal represents a problem that is not always easy to solve. The reutilization of endodontic instruments after sterilization procedures raises the question of how these processes affect their physical and mechanical properties. Alterations can involve the surface of the instruments, as well as their...

Purpose: The success of an implant-prosthetic rehabilitation is influenced by good implant health and an excellent implant-prosthetic coupling. The stability of implant-prosthetic connection is influenced by the rotational tolerance between anti-rotational features on the implant and those on the prosthetic component. The aim of this study is to i...

Inflammation seems to play a critical role in the development and progression of different cancers. Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easily measurable marker of systemic inflammation. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the prognostic role of the pre‐treatment neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), in te...

Background: An accurate prediction of cancer survival is very important for counseling, treatment planning, follow-up, and postoperative risk assessment in patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). There has been an increased interest in the development of clinical prognostic models and nomograms which are their graphic representation. The...

Background: Hyaluronans exist in different forms, accordingly with molecular weight and degree of crosslinking. Here, we tested the capability to induce osteogenic differentiation in hDPSCs (human dental pulp stem cells) of three hyaluronans forms: linear pharmaceutical-grade hyaluronans at high and (HHA) low molecular weight (LHA) and hybrid coop...

Background antibiotic prophylaxis when performing implant placement seems to improve implant short term survival. Nevertheless, use of antibiotics carries risks of adverse effects and increasing antibiotic resistance. The aim of present study is to compare in terms of costs and effectiveness the use of antibiotics in dental implant procedures. Met...

Introduction: Tooth autotransplantation is the repositioning of an erupted, partially erupted, or non-erupted autologous tooth from one site to another within the same individual. Several factors influence the success rate of the autotransplant, such as the stage of root development, the morphology of the tooth, the surgical procedure selected, the...

Background. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the major component of the extracellular matrix of human tissue, where it regulates processes such as osmotic pressure, water retention, cell migration, and differentiation. For these reasons, hyaluronans are currently used in regenerative medicine in different areas. Nevertheless, hyaluronans exist in different...

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is an emerging viral disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which leads to severe respiratory infections in humans. The first reports came in December 2019 from the city of Wuhan in the province of Hubei in China. It was immediately clear that children deve...

Objectives The purpose of this systematic review of the literature is to investigate which of the epoxy-based cements and those based on Tricalciumsilicate (MTA, Bioceramic) have the best sealing capacity through the analysis of studies that have provided a survey model in vitro of bacteria leakage. Source The articles were identified using electr...

Background Survival rate for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is still poor and, despite Tumor‐Node‐Metastasis staging system has been recently updated, patients included under the same stage still show difference in prognosis. Perineural invasion (PNI) emerged to be an indicator of tumour aggressive behavior and unfortunate events. In t...

Background: The occurrence of a head and neck tumoral mass at birth or shortly afterwards may cause concern and the differential diagnosis may be complex. Sialoblastoma is a rare epithelial tumor of the salivary glands of uncertain malignant potential, which typically affects children and arises more frequently in the parotid gland. The diagnosis...

Gelatin hydrogels by microbial-transglutaminase crosslinking are being increasingly exploited for tissue engineering, and proved high potential in bone regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the combination of enzymatically crosslinked gelatin with hyaluronan and the newly developed biotechnological chondroitin in enhancing...

BACKGROUND: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) can be classified as an oral lesion representing the third most common cyst of the jaws characterized by a high rate of recurrence. OKC was accepted as a neoplastic lesion in the 2005 WHO classification and it was called keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT). However, in the 2017 classification of odontogeni...

In the field of biology and medicine, one hears often about stem cells and their potential. The dental implant new surfaces, subjected to specific treatments, perform better and allow for quicker healing times and better clinical performance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate from a biological point of view the interaction and cytotoxicity b...

Sterilization processes guarantee the sterility of dental instruments but can negatively affect instrument features by altering their physical and mechanical properties. The endodontic instrumentation can undergo a series of alterations, ranging from corrosion to variation in the cutting angle and then changes in the torsional properties and torsio...

The aim of this scoping review was to summarise current knowledge about the effects of bone anabolic drugs on periodontitis, in order to identify new therapeutic strategies for preventing disease progression and reducing tooth loss. A technical expert panel (TEP) was established of 11 medical specialists, including periodontists and bone specialist...

Purpose: To compare immediate and delayed implant replacement at failed implant sites to evaluate the factors associated with early failure of second implants after replacement. Materials and methods: Data regarding early implant failure followed by replacement with another fixture in a private practice setting between 2003 and 2019 were analyse...

The human papilloma virus (HPV) is responsible for different pathological manifestations in humans. This agent gives rise to lesions of different types and in different areas of the organism, including the oral cavity. The aim of this study is to show which are the main diseases for which HPV is responsible and to bring to light some of the interce...

Ectopic lower third molar is an uncommon condition, and its etiology remains unclear. The main approach used for its surgical removal is the intraoral one, but there are cases in which this may not be the best option. When the lower third molar is located below the lower alveolar canal or when it is close to the lower edge of the jaw, the most reco...

Background: Primary salivary gland lymphomas are unusual, accounting for 2.5% to 4.5% of salivary gland tumours. More than 90% are non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) is the most common histotype. Methods: A patient with a history of CD5-negative and CD23-negative clonal B-cell lymphocytosis presented a nodu...

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) in preventing complications after extractive, implant, and periodontal surgery. Materials and methods: The PICO question set for this systematic review was: "Is the use of chlorhexidine formulations able to prevent complications (safety) in patients undergoing proc...

Objective: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) can be classified as an oral lesion representing the third most common cyst of the jaws characterized by a high rate of recurrence. OKC was accepted as a neoplastic lesion in the 2005 WHO classification and it was called keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT). However, in the 2017 classification of odontogeni...

The Rhopalurus junceus is a scorpion belonging to the Buthidae family that finds its habitat in Cuba. This scorpion is known by the common name of “Blue Scorpion”. The venom is used on the island of Cuba as an alternative cure for cancer and, more recently, in the research of active components for biomedicine. Recently, the venom has been tested in...

The present study aimed to perform a systematic critical appraisal of the methodological quality of systematic reviews (SRs) on the effect of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) in the treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects and to provide a synthesis of the main clinical findings available. An electronic and hand search was performed up...

In recent years there has been a lot of talk about toothpastes with a particular chemical compound: stannous fluoride (SnF2). Its presence is currently still highly controversial, as the latter could have negative health effects. The different companies that produce toothpastes express its dosage in ppm. The purpose of this systematic literature re...

Objectives To investigate the role of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in the development of dental disorders. Methods The first outcome was review of the role of reflux in the development of dental disorders in adults. The second outcome was review of the potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying...

Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare oral condition which may appear as an isolated entity or as part of a genetic disease or syndrome. Molecular and biochemical mechanisms that trigger this pathological process are not completely understood. In this paper we present a rare case of hereditary gingival fibromatosis in conjunction with a...

A current topic in dentistry concerns the biocompatibility of the materials, and in particular, conservative dentistry and endodontics ones. The mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a dental material with biocompatibility properties to oral and dental tissues. MTA was developed for dental root repair in endodontic treatment and it is formulated from...

Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive method for the treatment of oral leukoplakia (OL) through the activation of a photosensitizer, after exposure to a specific wavelength light source. Methods To investigate the effectiveness of toluidine blue as topical photosensitizer. Eleven patients participated in this study; fifteen...

Purpose: The aim of this systematic review was to estimate if an antibiotic prophylaxis regimen reduces implant failure and postoperative infection in healthy patients who are going to receive dental implants. Materials and methods: An electronic database search (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) until June 30, 2019, for...

Background: The field of medicine takes steps forward every day. Although some aspects of our organism seem clear, scientific discoveries also affect fields such as anatomy. Recently, transcortical vessels (TCVs) have been debated, although it was thought that cortical bones were not interested by these structures. This would upset some concepts o...

Introduction The role of this study is to highlight a correlation between patients with Marfan syndrome and oral health status by evaluating and reviewing the relevant scientific literature. The syndrome is characterized by an abnormal production of the fibrillin1 protein. The manifestations of Marfan syndrome affect organs that contain connective...

The advent of new technologies in the field of medicine and dentistry is giving improvements that lead the clinicians to have materials and procedures able to improve patients' quality of life. In dentistry, the last digital techniques offer a fully digital computerized workflow that does not include the standard multiple traditional phases. The pu...

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the main neoformations of the head–neck region and is characterized by the presence of squamous carcinomatous cells of the multi-layered epithelium lining the oral cavity, larynx, and pharynx. The annual incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) comprises approximately...

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in adults. It occurs only occasionally in oral soft tissues, and knowledge about its characteristics is based on a limited number of cases reported in the literature. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma belongs to the group of soft tissue sarcomas and makes up less than 10% of...

The evidence of a connection between the peripheral inflammatory processes and neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system is becoming more apparent. This review of the related literature highlights the most recent clinical, epidemiological, and in vitro studies trying to investigate possible connections between periodontal bacteria an...

Actinomyces are anaerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria. They are associated with persistent extraradicular endodontic infections, with possible involvement of the soft tissues of the maxillofacial district. Many studies reported conflicting data on the presence of bacteria of the genus Actinomyces in endodontic infections. The aim of this sy...

The aim of the study was to examine the biochemical and structural changes occurring in the periodontal ligament (PDL) during orthodontic-force application using micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-RS). Adolescent and young patients who needed orthodontic treatment with first premolar extractions were recruited. Before extractions, orthodontic forces were...

In recent scientific literature, oral infections and systemic manifestations, or correlations between oral health and systemic diseases are a topic of discussion. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the bacteria implicated in the biofilm formation of bacterial plaque, and plays an important role in the progression of periodontal disease. In this sys...

Purpose: To analyse and compare the dimensional changes of unassisted extraction sockets with alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) techniques and investigate any factors that impact the resorption of the alveolar bone. Materials and methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify randomised clinical trials (RCTs). All data were extracted, an...

Ameloblastoma is the second most common odontogenic tumor arising in the maxillary bones. The WHO classified ameloblastoma in: solid/multicystic (SMA); unicystic; peripheral and desmoplastic. A conservative or radical approach may be performed for SMA treatment to achieve total excision of the lesion. In this case report, a 47-year-old woman, prese...

Endodontic canal disinfection procedures that use sodium hypochlorite, and subsequently, heat sterilization procedures can alter the surface of endodontic instruments, described as corrosion and micropitting. These phenomena can be visualized on the surface of the instruments by SEM and atomic force microscopy analyses. The endodontic instruments u...

Background: Nodular fascitiis is a myofibroblastic neoplasm of the soft tissue that rarely affects oral cavity. With a broad pattern of presentation, sometimes Nodular Fascitiis can have a rapid growth and appear highly cellular with local aggressiveness on biopsies, thus simulating a sarcoma. The aim of this paper is to present a case of troubles...

The fluorescence method is an innovative technique used by pathologists for examining body mucosa, and for the abnormalities tissue screening, potentially leading to the earlier discovery of pre-cancer, cancer or other disease processes. The early detection is one of the best mechanisms for enabling treatment success, increasing survival rates and...

Among the many plants used in traditional medicine we have the plants of the genus Asphodelus, which are present in the Mediterranean area in North Africa and South East Asia, and have been used by indigenous peoples until recently for various pathologies, including: Psoriasis, alopecia areata, acne, burns, nephrolithiasis, toothache, and local inf...

Background: Nitric Oxide (NO) has a role in immunitary defense, regulation of mucosal blood flow and mucus production, regulation of smooth muscle contraction, cerebral blood flow, glucose regulation, and mitochondrial function. NO can be synthetized endogenously through the L-arginine-NO pathway or it can be absorbed by the human intestine through...

Objectives: The occurrence of hairs in the oral cavity is an exceedingly rare event, with unknown etiology. A literature review found only 5 cases, most of which described a single hair localized in various sites of the oral cavity. The aim of the present article is to report a follow-up presentation of a rare case of oral hirsutism detected in a...

Sterilization is a fundamental step in the reuse of endodontic instruments. The sterilization procedure involves disinfection, cleaning, washing, drying, packaging, and sterilization by heat. Heat sterilization can lead to changes in the physical and mechanical properties of dental instruments. These changes can affect the external surfaces via mic...

Many people nowadays undergo treatments to improve their aesthetics, often neglecting the general state of health. Aesthetics and appearance have become of prime importance, perhaps correlating with of the advent of social networks and digital photographs. One of the most requested aesthetic treatments for dentists is dental bleaching through the u...

Purpose: To compare the clinical and patient-reported outcomes of ≤6-mm implants with those of ≥10-mm implants placed after both lateral and transcrestal sinus floor elevation. Materials and methods: Using PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and Cochrane, a literature search for randomized controlled trials was performed. All the outcome variables were ev...

Background: Nowadays, patients involved in antiplatelet therapy required special attention during oral surgery procedures, due to the antiplatelet drugs assumption. The motivations of the assumption may be different and related to the patient's different systemic condition. For this reason, accordingly to the current international guidelines, diff...

The aim of this paper was to highlight the most widely antibiotic protocols applied to the dental field, especially in the surgical treatment of impacted wisdom teeth. Once these protocols were screened, all the possible advantages or disadvantages for each drug and each posology were recorded in this review. In recent years, the need to use these...

Objective: Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant cells of the tumor microenvironment. Several studies have been performed to investigate whether TAM markers, namely CD68 and CD163, could serve as prognostic factors in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The aim of this systematic review and...

Haemophiliacs are hereditary coagulopathies whose basic anomaly consists of the quantitative or qualitative alteration of one or more plasma proteins in the coagulation system. The objective of this review is to analyse all risk factors, predispositions and alterations to the oral-maxillofacial district in patients with haemophilia. The broader ass...

Background: Haemophilia is a disease of genetic origin, which causes a defect in blood coagulation. Under normal conditions, in the case of leakage from the blood vessels, the blood forms a clot that reduces or blocks the bleeding. This process involves the activation of several plasma proteins in a cascade-like species. Two of these proteins, pro...

Backgrounds: The objective of the present research was to systematically revise the international literature about the genetic biomarkers related to oral cancer (OC) evaluating the recent findings in clinical studies. Methods: A comprehensive review of the current literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines by accessing the NCBI...