Luigi Fregonese

Politecnico di Milano | Polimi · Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering

Ruins, marked by decay and abandonment, present challenges for digital documentation due to their varied conditions and remote locations. Surveying inaccessible ruins demands innovative approaches for safety and accuracy. Drones with high-resolution cameras enable the detailed aerial inspection and imaging of these inaccessible areas. This study in...

To manage the historic built heritage, it is of fundamental importance to fully understand the urban area under study, so that all its characteristics and critical issues related to historical conformation, stratification, and transformations can be better understood and described. Geometric surveying allows a deeper investigation of these characte...

Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) is a technology that has proven to be very effective for the management, preservation, and maintenance of heritage buildings. HBIM allows a digital replica of the building, in which information can be stored, designs can be made, and future actions can be planned. To do this, it is obviously necessary...

In 2012, the HE.SU.TECH laboratory began documenting the archaeological site of the Duomo Station of Line 1 of the Naples Metro. This project aimed to use advanced technologies to record and analyze the archaeological artifacts found at the site such as laser scanner survey techniques and aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry. These made it possibl...

In view of the increasing development of the smart city concept and the generation of 3d city models, it becomes essential to have an up-to-date, high-detail 3D survey of urban areas. There are several technologies that enable the development of a geometric survey of urban areas, including the use of aerial laser scanning, remote sensing, mobile ma...

Sailing along the Po River means discovering a different dimension of travelling, where the horizon of looking resets to zero until it corresponds to the edge of the land running along the banks. The Atlas constitutes a psycho-geographical survey of these places: true ecotones-areas of transition between homogeneous ecosystems and environments. It...

High-resolution surveying of historical floors is a very common practice in both research and everyday life. The type of floors typically concerned are made of mosaic, marble and stone. Because of their intrinsic characteristics, their survey typically requires very high-resolution results, to ensure excellent support for restoration, as well as in...

The paper presents the first results of the metric and geometric investigations carried out in the analysis of the stamps on Greek-Italic amphorae of Neapolitan production, found during the archaeological excavation of Piazza Nicola Amore, in Naples, Italy.The experiments were carried out with a view to defining a methodological process useful on t...

The Regional Topographic Geodatabase (DBTR) was officially defined in 2005 as the multi-scale (1:1,000 – 1:2,000 – 1:5,000 – 1:10,000) cartographic reference for urban and regional planning in Lombardy Region. The DBTR had been previously introduced at national level to take over traditional numerical topographic maps adopted for urban planning, wi...

This article runs an in-depth examination of documentation, representation and conservation praxis of Architectural Heritage in the field of applied academic research. The focus is put on technological advances in digital documentation applied to Cultural Heritage. The architectural survey is one of the first actions taken in the knowledge process...

The scientific community is confirming the advantages of using BIM in the processes of conservation, management, and intervention over architectural historical heritage. However, many difficulties remain in the transcription process of elements of the built environment, especially when the objective of the model is to support decision-making proces...

The synergy between Mantua Diocese, Superintendence for Architectural Heritage, Regional Management and Politecnico di Milano Management enabled the elaboration of a strategic conservation plan for some Mantova buildings of great significance to the city and to the owners: the planning of monitoring activities necessary to the conservation has expe...

Geomatics is trying to redefine its role in the Italian higher-level educational system according to the new technological developments. The recent thematic thread of Building Information Modelling (BIM) systems contributes to the new role of Geomatics inside universities and, more generally, in the training process. BIM systems propose new ways of...

The San Marco 3D project had the ambitious goal of building a digital replica of the famous venetian basilica. Architectural surveying and modelling are very widespread procedures, but the complexity of the basilica, its decorative apparatus, in mosaic and marble, and its liveliness made this project a real challenge. Thanks to geomatics, from the...

The use of Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and Multi-View-Stereo (MVS) approaches to build 3D models of structures belonging to the Cultural Heritage environment is becoming more widespread. Due to the big dimensions of the digital aerial images generated by airborne sensors and, consequently, computation problems, these images were rarely used for the...

The Italian legislation on Remote Pilot Aircraft Systems (SAPR: Sistema Areomobile a Pilotaggio Remoto), as in 2012, regulates the use of drones in controlled and uncontrolled airspace. In 2016, the regulation introduced simplified procedures for the use of ultra-light drones. These instruments are particularly widespread in the field of Cultural H...

Museums perform various tasks such as collecting, cataloguing and preserving the cultural heritage (CH). In addition, they have an institutional task, which is to disseminate the heritage, discovering the most efficient tools to tell how a monument to the origin could have looked. In this process of knowledge and dissemination, digital technologies...

The “Palazzo Ducale” museum complex in Mantua has been the object of intermittent interventions, which have not represented, over the last 30 years, a consistent strategy in terms of conservation. In the light of new financial and technological possibilities, a renewed management synergy has been activated: better operative decisions and the applic...

Planned conservation approach requires a sustained, long-term action to better manage the cultural heritage assets during their life cycle. Together with programmed conservation and local interventions, there is a large amount of information related to the building; it emerges the need for an appropriate tool in which to store all data. Historic Bu...

The synergy between Mantua Diocese, Direzione Regionale per i beni culturali e paesaggistici della Lombardia and Politecnico di Milano enabled the elaboration of a strategic conservation plan for some Mantova buildings of great significance to the city and to the owners: the planning of monitoring activities necessary to the conservation has experi...

In recent years, special digital cameras called “action camera” or “action cam”, have become popular due to their low price, smallness, lightness, strength and capacity to make videos and photos even in extreme environment surrounding condition. Indeed, these particular cameras have been designed mainly to capture sport actions and work even in cas...

p>This article aims to critically examine the entire methodology of very large scale (1:1) surveying and documentation of mosaic surfaces. The term ‘survey’ should be read in its broadest and most complete and sense, including the phases of measurement and data processing as well as management and use of these data for the purposes of preservation...

The mission planning in airborne Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing applications, depending on the system of acquisition and by the adopted platform (such as rotary and fixed wing aircrafts, glider, airship, manned or unmanned), is the first and essential step to ensure the success of a survey mission. The purpose of this paper is to provide an over...

The Basilica of San Marco in Venice is a well-known masterpiece of World Heritage. It is a real multi-faceted architecture. The management of the church and its construction site is very complicated, and requires an efficient system to collect and manage different kinds of data. The BIM approach appeared to be the most suitable to collect multi-sou...

After the earthquake of 2012, the ecclesiastical heritage of Mantua was so damaged to render unusable many buildings. Especially churches show a higher vulnerability in relation to their architectural features. From a recognition after the seismic event, more that 40% of the churches of Mantua were damaged with different intensity. After the first...

The Basilica of San Marco is a singular case in the field of Cultural heritage, as it constitutes a construction site always active for the maintenance and preservation of the basilica itself. The continuous intervention of conservation, due to the particular environmental conditions of Venice and the opening to the public, together with the comple...

The paper describes a method for Point Clouds Color management and Integration obtained from Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and Image Based (IB) survey techniques. Especially in the Cultural Heritage (CH) environment, methods and techniques to improve the color quality of Point Clouds have a key role because a homogenous texture brings to a more a...

3D models obtained with advanced survey techniques such as close-range photogrammetry and laser scanner are nowadays particularly appreciated in Cultural Heritage and Archaeology fields. In order to produce high quality models representing archaeological evidences and anthropological artifacts, the appearance of the model (i.e. color) beyond the ge...

Advanced 3D survey technologies, such as Digital Photogrammetry (imaged based) and Laser Scanner, are nowadays widely used in Cultural Heritage and Archaeological fields. The present paper describes the investigations realized by the Laboratory Hesutech of the Polytechnic of Milan in cooperation with the Superintendence Archaeology Campania in orde...

In this paper a masonry baroque church by Antonio Galli Bibiena in Villa Pasquali is analyzed using a multidisciplinary approach. The importance of this monument is due to the prestige of its architect and to the peculiar system of masonry perforated vaults, which is an unicum in architectural history. Nevertheless, until now this church has not be...

In recent years many earthquakes hit Italy and its Cultural Heritage. The topic of survey of buildings damaged by seismic events and their interpretation has become very relevant and involved many research groups and Italian Civil Protection. The damage survey has different roles: in the first stage, immediately after the emergency, the documentat...

In recent years many earthquakes hit Italy and its Cultural Heritage. The topic of survey of buildings damaged by seismic events and their interpretation has become very relevant and involved many research groups and Italian Civil Protection. The damage survey has different roles: in the first stage, immediately after the emergency, the documenta...

Advanced 3D survey technologies, such as Digital Photogrammetry and Laser Scanner, are nowadays widely used in several fields such as Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, allowing to obtain detailed 3D textured models in a fast way for different purposes. These technologies are usually employed to perform single individual surveys but they have rarel...

Geomatics technics and methods are now able to provide a great contribution to the Cultural Heritage (CH) processes, being adaptable to different purposes: management, diagnosis, restoration, protection, study and research, communication, formation and fruition of the Cultural Heritage. This experimentation was done with an eye to encouraging and p...

This paper examines the survey of tall buildings in an emergency context like in the case of post-seismic events. The after-earthquake survey has to guarantee time-savings, high precision and security during the operational stages. The main goal is to optimize the application of methodologies based on acquisition and automatic elaborations of photo...

In this paper, a Cultural Heritage survey, performed by employing and integrating different type of acquisition technologies (imagebased and active sensor based) is presented. The aim of the survey is to create a 3D multiscale database, therefore, different restitution scales, from the architectural-urban one to a detail one are taken in considerat...

The work deals with the structural analysis of an historic masonry building, Palazzo del Capitano in Mantua, subject to significant static instabilities due to an overturning of the longitudinal facades, probably related to ground settlements. The exact geometry of the structure is acquired by means of the laser scanning technique and thanks to pre...

This paper examines how surveying and monitoring improve our knowledge about ancient buildings, allow the interpretation of their structural response and help in the search for the best solutions for their conservation. The case study of Palazzo del Capitano in Mantua (Italy) is analyzed. In particular, the attention is focused on the use of a Terr...

Commission V, WG V/4 ABSTRACT: In Cultural Heritage field, the necessity to survey objects in a fast manner, with the ability to repeat the measurements several times for deformation or degradation monitoring purposes, is increasing. In this paper, two significant cases, an architectonical one and an archaeological one, are presented. Due to differ...

3d modelling of Architectural Heritage does not follow a very well-defined way, but it goes through different algorithms and digital form according to the shape complexity of the object, to the main goal of the representation and to the starting data. Even if the process starts from the same data, such as a pointcloud acquired by laser scanner, the...

The paper presented describes the final step of four years survey activities on Milan Cathedral. The main aim of the job was to survey and model the big spire to support restoration works that had just started. The last stage was to transform the great model into a 3D WEB BIM to help manage and organize restoration works.

This paper presents a possible way of surveying and modelling very complex architecture, integrating different instrumentation and modelling methods. In particular, it aims to draw attention to a possible measurement and data processing procedure allowing the rapid collection and post-processing of data in order to extract classical architectural p...

The paper would like to present a research job conducted in cooperation with the Veneranda Fabbrica of Milan Cathedral to survey and model the main cathedral spire. The job aims to find methods and a typological way to operate to produce an accurate 3D model to support forthcoming restoration works. The paper will concentrate on the description and...

L’approccio conoscitivo e programmatico applicato ai metodi di rilievo e di restituzione dei Beni Culturali parte dalla definizione data dall’art. 29 del Codice dei Beni Culturali in cui si afferma che “la conservazione del patrimonio culturale è assicurata mediante una coerente, coordinata e programmata attività di studio, prevenzione, manutenzion...

In this paper we would like to present a possible operating way to survey and model a very complex architecture, integrating different kinds of instrumentation and modeling methods. In particular we would like to convoy the attention on a possible measure and data elaboration procedure that allows collecting and post-elaborating data in a short tim...

La documentazione dei processi di conservazione nel campo dei Beni Culturali puòessere realizzata, nelle varie fasi di intervento, attraverso l’acquisizione della formadella superfi cie nelle varie fasi di intervento mediante tecnologia laser scanner. Questotipo di acquisizione temporale va a costituire un geodatabase di informazioni a supportodell...

Commission WgS-PS: WG II/6 ABSTRACT: The territorial data acquisition technologies vary second of the final product scale use. So it can be passed that the classical topographical survey or terrestrial laser scanners survey for engineering works, up to the satellite images multispectral analysis for regional scale and over.The classical aerial phot...

Historical maps often suffer significant deformations of their supporting material of any type. These deformations make it difficult to make an accurate reading of maps in its geometric and semantic context. As invaluable materials of cultural heritage, historical maps, in very many cases (rolled parchments, maps in old books and atlases etc.) cann...

This research illustrates the experimentations accomplished in the field of Cultural Heritage aimed to the determination of the "total form" of the objects with a high resolution, using a simple and transportable acquisition technology. The aim of this research is to identify the process and the methodology for the acquisition of geometric informat...

Fig. 1. A view of St Mark’s Basilica The pavement of St Mark’s Basilica in Venice is very famous for its historical-artistic importance, for its undulation, for the richness of the materials. Conservative restoration and the necessity of a precise acquaintance of the entire mosaic induced to the digital relief in scale 1:1 of all the musive surface...

This paper presents some first results of a project aimed to access the feasibility of monitoring deformations of large concrete dams by terrestrial laser scanning. For this purpose a test field has been established on the dam of the Cancano Lake (Valtellina, Italy). This is made up of a geodetic network materializing a local datum for georeferenci...

The survey with laser scanner is having one always greater spread in more different field of survey that they go from the system survey, architectonic, and of the territory; in particular within territory the possible applications go from the survey in excavation zone to that one in zone interested of landslide. The work here introduced show as the...

Various technologies have been developed to conduct preliminary investigation prior to restoration interventions, thus resolving studies and problems regarding intervention strategy choose. Each of this technologies give to the end-user different kind of information that are useful to understand the health condition of the artwork. This paper illus...

To preserve the state of maintenance of good of historical interest - artistic involves investigations on the appearance, on the actual state and on the alteration and deterioration processes of artistic object. The project SIDART (Integrated System for the Diagnostic one of the ARTistic goods) allows to collect different kind of information in sys...

The survey of the wooden domed structures surmounting St. Mark's Basilica in Venice is part of a project of documentation, analysis and representation that the E-Lab laboratory of the Politecnico of Milan has been involved in for several years in conjunction with the Procuratoria di Venezia. Three-dimensional modelling and representation through la...

This paper describes the phases of the research1 conducted to generate a high resolution model of the mosaic floor of St. Mark's Basilica in Venice. In order to perform accurate and effective scheduled maintenance, competently executed by the personnel of St. Mark's Basilica, it is necessary to get over the dichotomy that is generated between the s...

The article would refers some interesting experiences of the research team Larifo, BEST Department, Politecnic of Milan, Italy, in the field of cultural heritage digitalization about the creation of archives and tridimensional representations which are finalized to the knowledge, the documentation and the fruition of the artistic and architectural...