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Publications (138)
Grotte Mandrin is located in the middle Rhône River Valley, in Mediterranean France, and has yielded 11 Pleistocene archeological and paleoanthropological layers (ranging from the oldest layer J to the youngest layer B) dating from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 to MIS 3. We report here the nearly complete dentition of an adult Neanderthal individual...
Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genot...
In recent years, pyroarchaeology has expanded rapidly and included experimental approaches. However, analyses of the combustion products carried by smoke (mainly soot and microcharcoal) and the study of fixing, recording, and preserving processes of this material on parietal surfaces remain limited. We therefore launched the ExTraS (Experiments on...
The Neronian is a lithic tradition recognized in the Middle Rhône Valley of Mediterranean France now directly linked to Homo sapiens and securely dated to 54,000 years ago (ka), pushing back the arrival of modern humans in Europe by 10 ka. This incursion of modern humans into Neandertal territory and the relationships evoked between the Neronian an...
Neanderthal genomes have been recovered from sites across Eurasia, painting an increasingly complex picture of their populations’ structure, mostly indicating that late European Neanderthals belonged to a single metapopulation with no significant evidence of deep population structure. Here we report the discovery of a late Neanderthal individual, n...
As the vast majority of excavated archaeofaunal skeletal remains are fragmentary to the extent that they cannot be identified by morphological analysis alone, various molecular methods have been considered to retrieve information from an otherwise underutilised resource. The introduction of collagen fingerprinting, known as Zooarchaeology by Mass S...
Consensus in archaeology has posited that mechanically propelled weapons, such as bow-and-arrow or spear-thrower-and-dart combinations, appeared abruptly in the Eurasian record with the arrival of anatomically and behaviorally modern humans and the Upper Paleolithic (UP) after 45,000 to 42,000 years (ka) ago, while evidence for weapon use during th...
The Neronian is a lithic tradition recognized in the Middle Rhône Valley of Mediterranean France now directly linked to Homo sapiens and securely dated to 54,000 years ago (ka), pushing back the arrival of modern humans in Europe by 10 ka. This incursion of modern humans into Neandertal territory and the relationships evoked between the Neronian an...
An important aim in paleoanthropological and archaeological research is to clarify the poorly resolved record of the Middle Pleistocene (MP). Filling in the gaps of the Eurasian MP furthers our understanding of the behavioral and biological evolution of archaic humans, Neanderthals, Denisovans and their ancestors. Orgnac 3, located in Mediterranean...
L’un des objectifs importants de la recherche paléoanthropologique et archéologique est de clarifier les données qui restent encore mal cernées du Pléistocène moyen (PM). Combler les lacunes du PM eurasiatique nous permet de mieux comprendre l'évolution comportementale et biologique des humains archaïques, des Néandertaliens, des Denisoviens, et de...
Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene. To investigate the cross-continental impacts we shotgun-sequenced 317 primarily Mesolithic and Neolithic genomes from across Northern and Western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from >1,600 ancient humans. Our analyse...
Determining the extent of overlap between modern humans and other hominins in Eurasia, such as Neanderthals and Denisovans, is fundamental to understanding the nature of their interactions and what led to the disappearance of archaic hominins. Apart from a possible sporadic pulse recorded in Greece during the Middle Pleistocene, the first settlemen...
Faunal remains from archaeological sites allow for the identification of animal species that enables the better understanding of the relationships between humans and animals, not only from their morphological information, but also from the ancient biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and DNA) preserved in these remains for thousands and even millions of...
In rock shelters and caves, the geo-archaeological reading of sediments can allow, in favourable cases, a micro-chronological study of traces of anthropogenic activities and in particular in the use of fire. And if the recurrence in the use of fireplaces can sometimes be identified by a micromorphological study of the structures, it is very uncerta...
Speleothems (carbonated cave deposits) are natural archives that are characterized by their ability to record past environments as well as by their high temporal resolution, especially when laminated annually. Their potential for study is not limited to research on palaeo-climatic reconstructions. For example, speleothems can trap anthropogenic par...
Archéologie, société et environnement. v1(1)
Attempts to extend methods for dating archaeological bones beyond that of radiocarbon dating, such as amino acid racemization, have met with limited success owing to the dependence on multiple environmental factors and controls. Despite facing similar challenges, deamidation of glutamine has recently been investigated as a potential indicator of ‘t...
OPEN ACCESS in HAL : https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01979085
In this poster, we will introduce a pioneer method for studying fire traces left by human groups in an archaeological site. This method is called Fuliginochronology, from Latin fuliginosus, fuligo: soot, fuliginous, and from Greek khrônologia: chronology. It consists of studying...
Though rare in the archaeological record, cannibalism has been documented among many different hominin populations; however, the mechanisms driving such behaviors remains poorly understood. Recent research that evaluates the hypothesized Neanderthal nutritional cannibalism at the Middle Palaeolithic cave site of Baume Moula-Guercy (BMG) in Mediterr...
Il n’est pas simple, à partir des données archéologiques, de situer dans le temps des occupations humaines avec une précision microchronologique (infra-annuelle à décennale) et d’avoir ainsi accès au temps court, ethnographique. L’étude des concrétions calcaires est une nouvelle voie d’accès à cette échelle de précision. Sur les sites paléolithique...
The chronological and territorial expansion of neandertalian societies, their capacities of adaptation and expansion, show that their brutal extinction, which not only affects their ways of life but also their biological reality, cannot be rationally imputed to a natural process. As a result, we here propose that theories addressing these extinctio...
La lecture géoarchéologique des sédiments peut permettre, dans des cas favorables, une étude microchronologique des traces d’activités anthropiques. L’étude micromorphologique des foyers devient de plus en plus courante, mais il existe des biais dans l’enregistrement des événements de paléo-feux dans les structures de combustion. Dans cette communi...
Hoffmann et al . (Reports, 23 February 2018, p. 912) report the discovery of parietal art older than 64,800 years and attributed to Neanderthals, at least 25 millennia before the oldest parietal art ever found. Instead, critical evaluation of their geochronological data seems to provide stronger support for an age of 47,000 years, which is much mor...
La recherche de la haute résolution en archéologie est une préoccupation de plus en plus prégnante ; cela se manifeste notamment avec multiplication des sessions axées sur cette problématique dans les colloques internationaux de ces dernières années (par exemple : « Multidisciplinary approach in the definition of high-resolution events to interpret...
The micromorphological study of fireplaces becomes more and more common, but biases exist in the recording of fire events in hearth structures. In this presentation, we will introduce another method for studying fire as an artefact: the Fuliginochronology, from Latin fuliginosus, fuligo: soot, fuliginous, and from Greek khrônologia: chronology, whi...
Full text : https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1X1dt3ic-FC7MR
Soot traces are witnesses of past human activities. They can sometimes be noticed on the walls and vaults of caves and rock shelters, sometimes also inside speleothems. These deposits resulting from anthropogenic fires prove to be a suitable material for micro-chronological studies. The mic...
Soot marks, witnesses of past human activities, can sometimes be noticed in concretions (speleothem, travertine, carbonated crust, etc.) formed in cavities. We demonstrate here that these deposits, generally ignored in archaeological studies, turned out to be a perfectly suitable material for micro-chronological study of hominin activities in a sit...
Catalogue d'exposition (Bilingue). 1er juillet - 13 novembre 2017 / Exhibition catalog (bilingual). 1st July - 13th November 2017
Catalogue d'exposition (Bilingue). 1er juillet - 13 novembre 2017 / Exhibition catalog (bilingual). 1st July - 13th November 2017
Le Protoaurignacien, industrie majeure pour le synthétotype aurignacien de G. Laplace, est souvent avancé comme première expression des sociétés d'Hommes anatomique-ment modernes (HAM) durant leur expansion en Europe occidentale. Ici, nous nous interrogeons sur la signification de cette industrie comme représentation d'une population « pionnière »...
L'intérêt que les Hommes portent aux rapaces ne date pas d'hier. Il remonterait à une époque ancienne de l'humanité, bien au-delà du temps inscrit dans la mémoire orale ou dans les textes. C'est en tout cas ce qui est suggéré par de récentes découvertes publiées dans la revue PloS One. Les archéologues préhistoriens y décrivent en effet des serres...
The timing of Neanderthal disappearance and the extent to which they overlapped with the earliest incoming anatomically modern humans (AMHs) in Eurasia are key questions in palaeoanthropology. Determining the spatiotemporal relationship between the two populations is crucial if we are to understand the processes, timing and reasons leading to the d...
Numerous palaeontological sites containing bear hibernation levels are developed in Europe during the Quaternary. These particular assemblages allowed researchers to study Ursidae evolution, in particular Pleistocene species, and characterize extinct species behavior. These sites are not the only ones which contain bear remains. Large carnivore den...
To contribute to have a better understanding of the symbolic or not use of certain items by Neanderthals, this work presents new evidence of the deliberate removal of raptor claws occurred in Mediterranean Europe during the recent phases of the Mousterian. Rio Secco Cave in the north-east of Italy and Mandrin Cave in the Middle Rhône valley have re...
Contrary to what Zwyns et al. claim on a bibliographical basis, the lithic industry of Byzovaya cannot belong to the Streletskayan complex or be considered
as Upper Palaeolithic (UP). Direct analysis of northern assemblages and of Streletskayan technologies reveals incompatible
features between these industries. Byzovaya is structured on specific M...
Issues of scale are persistent but rarely made explicit in tephrostratigraphy. Eruption magnitude, the nature of available outcrop, and the resolution and type of data available define the scale of any proposed correlation. Different scales require different approaches to demonstrate, or more accurately, to estimate the likelihood of correlation am...
Palaeolithic sites in Russian high latitudes have been considered as Upper Palaeolithic and thus representing an Arctic expansion
of modern humans. Here we show that at Byzovaya, in the western foothills of the Polar Urals, the technological structure
of the lithic assemblage makes it directly comparable with Mousterian Middle Palaeolithic industri...
The brown bear, Ursus arctos, was present in south-eastern France from the end of the Middle Pleistocene, notably in the Vaucluse department where its presence can be traced up as far as the Holocene. Its discovery in five new deposits brings the total number of brown bear sites to 24, which is exceptional. At the Grand Abri aux Puces (GAP), dated...
The brown bear, Ursus arctos, was present in south-eastern France from the end of the Middle Pleistocene, notably in the Vaucluse department where its presence can be traced up as far as the Holocene. Its discovery in five new deposits brings the total number of brown bear sites to 24, which is exceptional. At the Grand Abri aux Puces (GAP), dated...
Le Grand Abri aux Puces (GAP), located on the right bank of the Ouvèze River of southern France, has been known to contain well-preserved stone tools and faunal remains, but our work in 2008 was the first professional, controlled excavation at the site and has exposed at least 1 archaeological layer with a very rich and diverse faunal assemblage (2...
New sites from the Lower Paleolithic of the Republic of Djibouti: Initial results from a recent survey of the Gobaad Basin, Central Afar. Previous research in the Republic of Djibouti resulted in two notable Paleolithic findings: the Oldowan elephant butchery site of Barogali, excavated by J. Chavaillon and A. Berthelet, and a Homo erectus/sapiens...
The Central Anatolian Volcanic Province (CAVP) in Turkey preserves widespread deposits of Quaternary tephra, presently associated with a small but growing number of Paleolithic archaeological sites. We use multivariate analyses of the abundances of a suite of nine major and minor element oxides determined by electron probe microanalysis. From these...
The child burial of the Figuier Cave provides not only one of the very few human specimens known in the Rhône valley for the whole Upper Paleolithic, but moreover, at a larger scale, a rare example of grave for the early Upper Paleolithic. It has been excavated by Maurice Veyrier in 1947 and briefly published in 1953. A technological and traceologi...
The end of the Middle Palaeolithic period can be considered a key moment in the history of humanity, characterized by profound changes in traditional Palaeolithic societies. Whatever the reasons for this historical change, it seems well established that it took place within a particularly dynamic phase of these societies, when Upper Palaeolithic te...
This paper focuses on the circulation of flints over more than 240 km (minimal distance) among the Mousterian series found on the site of Champ Grand. Real distances are longer than 400 km. Modes of circulation are presented. Analysis of these products demonstrates an important anticipation in the management of raw materials presenting great mobili...
Located in the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province, Kaletepe Deresi 3 was discovered in the summer of 2000 and has been under investigation since that time. Volcanic activity in the region generated a number of obsidian intrusions that have attracted humans to the area throughout prehistory. The stratigraphic sequence at Kaletepe Deresi 3, more tha...
L’anàlisi de les principals sèries arqueològiques del paleolític mitjà final de la França mediterrània permet reconèixer l’emergència de grups culturals originals i la seva evolució tècnica. En un primer moment es reconeix un procés de continuïtat i d’evolució tècnica que dóna lloc a l’estructuració de societats en les quals les tècniques s’oriente...
Aquest article tracta els principis epistemològics propis de l’anàlisi dels principals sistemes tècnics del paleolític mitjà. Reflexiona sobre les nocions de predeterminació Levallois, tant de recurrència, de ritme, com de fórmules predeterminants. Aquí s’exposen i es debaten les seves atribucions. El fruit d’aquesta reflexió consisteix en l’elabor...
This paper focuses on the circulation of flints over more than 240 km
(minimal distance) among the Mousterian series found on the site of Champ Grand. Real distances are longer than 400 km. Modes of circulation are presented. Analysis of these products demonstrates an important anticipation
in the management of raw materials presenting great mobi...
Zusammenfassung. In diesem Artikel werden die für die Analyse der wichtigsten technischen Systeme des Mittelpaläolithikums charakteristischen erkenntnistheoretischen Prinzipien behandelt. In der Reflexion geht es um die Begriffe prédétermination Levallois,
Rekkurenz, Rhythmus oder formules prédéterminantes, deren Eigenschaften und Anwendungen darge...
In the Middle Palaeolithic of western Europe, raw material circulations seemed limited to a hundred of kilometres. This paper focuses on the circulation of flints on more than 250km (minimal distances) in the Mousterian site of Champ Grand, France. Real distances are longer than 400km. Modalities of circulation are exposed. The analyses of these pr...
The analysis of key sites in Mediterranean France allows us to perceive important transformations within the last Neanderthalian societies, with a gradual rearticulation of the Mousterian technical systems around the production of blades and points, and with the upcoming of deep changes in the relationship of the craftsman with his tools. These ind...