Lucas Rehnberg

• MBBS, BSc, MSc
• Senior Fellow Intensive Care Medicine at University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

Lung ultrasound (LUS) has become a crucial part of the investigative tools available in the management of critically ill patients, both within the intensive care unit setting and in prehospital medicine. The increase in its application, in part driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the easy access and use of mobile and handheld devices, allow...

The Austrian Space Forum (OeWF) executes large scale, international, Mars analog missions with analog astronauts operating in high-fidelity spacesuit simulators on multiple occasions over several weeks. These are large scale missions in isolated and extreme environments, including the Negev desert. There are many international partners performing a...

(1) Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), as a form of basic life support, is critical for maintaining cardiac and cerebral perfusion during cardiac arrest, a medical condition with high expected mortality. Current guidelines emphasize the importance of rapid recognition and prompt initiation of high-quality CPR, including appropriate ca...

Background: With the "Artemis"-mission mankind will return to the Moon by 2024. Prolonged periods in space will not only present physical and psychological challenges to the astronauts, but also pose risks concerning the medical treatment capabilities of the crew. So far, no guideline exists for the treatment of severe medical emergencies in microg...

We present this case of a young woman with SARS-CoV-2 viral infection resulting in coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) lung disease complicated by a complex hydropneumothorax, recurrent pneumothorax, and pneumatoceles. A 33-year-old woman presented to the hospital with a one-week history of cough, shortness of breath, and myalgia, with no other significant...

A human base on the surface of Mars is an aspiration for Space Communities around the world. Such a mission will push the boundaries of technology and human physiology. However, such a remote environment is not suitable to test proof of concepts for new technologies, potentially harming crew members should they fail. One method to safely test and d...

As mankind strives to explore space beyond the moon by planning space exploration missions to Mars and as space tourism becomes closer to operational viability, medical planning for those missions must consider the possibility of life threatening medical emergencies. For Earth, well-established and proven guidelines concerning cardiopulmonary resus...

Introduction: 2015 UK resuscitation guidelines aim for 50-60 mm depth when giving external chest compressions (ECCs). This is achievable in hypogravity if the rescuer flexes and extends their arms during CPR, or using a new method trialed; the 'Mackaill-Russomano' (MR CPR) method. Methods: 10 participants performed 3 sets of 30 ECCs in accordanc...

In the era of transition from "classic" Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to assisted device-CPR or hemodynamic driven CPR, the present book, published by "InTechOpen", highlights some interest aspects of resuscitation. Divided in three sections, it passes from emphasizing details of resuscitation in special circumstances to possible future appli...

A 49-year-old man presented to the accident and emergency department, with a short history of vague abdominal pain, abdominal distension and two episodes of frank haematuria. A plain chest film showed dilated loops of large bowel and blood results on admission showed an acute kidney injury (stage 3). A diagnosis of bowel obstruction was made initia...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of body weight in the effectiveness of performing 4 sets of 30 external chest compressions (ECCs) over 1.5 min in accordance with the 2010 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Guidelines, considering gender differences on Earth and a simulation of the hypogravity of Mars. Thirty males and 30 females...

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in microgravity is challenging. There are three single-person CPR techniques that can be performed in microgravity: the Evetts-Russomano (ER), Handstand (HS), and Reverse Bear Hug (RBH). All three methods have been evaluated in parabolic flights, but only the ER method has been shown to be effectiv...

Introduction: Studies were conducted to evaluate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a simulated low gravitational field, such as Mars (hypoG), aimed at providing an insight into the performance of terrestrial CPR. Methods: Two studies were conducted to evaluate external chest compressions (ECC) depth and rate, as well as perceived exertion (RPE...

Background: This original study evaluated the electromyograph (EMG) activity of four upper body muscles: triceps brachii, erector spinae, upper rectus abdominis, and pectoralis major, while external chest compressions (ECCs) were performed in simulated Martian hypogravity using a Body Suspension Device, counterweight system, and standard full body...

Performance of efficient single-person cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is vital to maintain cardiac and cerebral perfusion during the 2-4 min it takes for deployment of advanced life support during a space mission. The aim of the present study was to investigate potential differences in upper body muscle activity during CPR performance at terre...

Current 2010 terrestrial (1Gz) CPR guidelines have been advocated by space agencies for hypogravity and microgravity environments, but may not be feasible. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate rescuer performance over 1.5 min of external chest compressions (ECCs) during simulated Martian hypogravity (0.38Gz) and microgravity (μG) in relation...

If a cardiac arrest occurs in microgravity, current emergency protocols aim to treat patients via a medical restraint system within 2-4 min. It is vital that crewmembers have the ability to perform single-person cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during this period, allowing time for advanced life support to be deployed. The efficacy of the Evetts...