Luca Caricati

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• Professor
• Professor (Associate) at University of Parma

This study explores the psychosocial predictors of women's nontraditional sexuality, focusing on feminist identity, gender identification, gender essentialist beliefs and psychological well‐being. It also contributes to the Italian validation of the Women's Nontraditional Sexuality Questionnaire (Short Form). A survey administered to a convenience...

The association between social identification and system justification, especially amongst low-status groups, is a highly contested issue in the social and political psychology literatures. While some researchers propose that this association should be largely negative, others assume that it should be largely positive. Here, we synthesized the accu...

The status‐legitimacy hypothesis posits that low‐status groups more strongly endorse social hierarchies and disadvantageous systems (i.e., engage in system justification), particularly under extreme societal inequality. Buchel et al. (2021) found supportive evidence for this hypothesis based on a 28‐nation survey (N = 48,802). However, other large‐...

This article reports findings from qualitative research on system justification processes amongLGB individuals. Through a thematic analysis of nine interviews with self-identified gay men, lesbian and bisexual women from an Italian Arcigay association, we aimed to investigate the levels of system justification and the explanations that sexual minor...

Gender inequality remains a significant social issue, disproportionately impacting cisgender and heterosexual women as well as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual plus individuals. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the relationship between gender essentialism—a belief that views gender as biologically determined and i...

This research presents a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of literature to examine the impact of various leadership styles on organizational adaptive performance (AP). AP is essential for job performance, especially in environments undergoing rapid changes. Previous reviews on AP found that transformational and self-leadership had had a posit...

Introduction. Research concerning the use of sex toys has been primarily analyzed from a medical perspective. However, according to feminist literature, the utilization of sex toys may be associated with several psychosocial factors, such as gender identity and beliefs associated with gendered sexuality, gender, and the relation between genders. Sp...

Introduction. Intimate partner violence continues to be a widespread phenomenon not only among adults but also among adolescents. Several psychosocial factors are associated with its maintenance and legitimization, including gender identification and traditional gender ideologies, such as gender essentialism and gender system justification. Also, t...

Background The alarming prevalence of non- or poor adherence to Home-based Exercise Programs (34–79.2 %, HEP) in parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy (C-CP) is a global health concern due to its detrimental effect on treatment outcomes. Objective To examine whether Perceived Therapist Guidance and Advice (TGA) or social support moderate the eff...

This article replicates and extends previous results indicating that system justification, in a pool of non‐American samples, decreases at the extremes of the political continuum. Data came from 29 European countries enrolled in nine rounds of the European Social Survey from 2002 to 2018. Results indicated that right‐wingers were more likely to sup...

It is widely accepted that ingroup role models can inoculate students from stereotyped backgrounds (e.g. women, racial groups) against stereotype-related anxieties - helping to boost their achievement in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). Here we test two competing propositions to this effect. The stereotype inoculation model...

Research on the use of sex toys has been primarily performed from a medical perspective, while there is still limited research from a psychosocial perspective. To bridge this gap, in this study we examined whether some psychosocial variables might be linked to sex toy ownership in a sample of 3960 Italian (cisgender men and women) sex toy buyers. M...

Introduction Involving parents of children with cerebral palsy (C-CP) in home exercise programmes (HEP) is globally practiced strategy closely linked to improved physical performance and functional outcomes for the child. Nevertheless, non-adherence to HEP is increasing at an alarming rate, and little is known about the factors influencing adherenc...

Positive Solitude (PS) is the decision to use one’s time for a meaningful activity, with a choice made by and for oneself. The purpose of this study is to validate the Italian version of the Positive Solitude Scale (PSS) developed by Palgi et al. (2021a). Data were collected through the administration of a questionnaire to 1,120 Italian adults. Con...

We examined whether women’s support for gender-based pay inequality (i.e., system justification) might be explained by hope. In particular, we considered whether such hope is likely prompted by positive temporal comparisons: It is entirely possible (even if previously untested) that the more women believe that their outcomes are getting better rela...

The Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI) measures a wide range of self-reported musical abilities and behaviors in the Western adult general population, regardless of musical expertise. This instrument has been validated in various languages, but an Italian version is lacking. The present study describes the Italian validation and ada...

This study investigated the effect of the victim’s gender and the perpetrator’s attractiveness on the observer’s blame on the male and female victims of coercive sexual contact. Two hundred and ninety-six participants (184 females) were enrolled in an experiment in which the victim’s gender and the offender’s attractiveness were manipulated using v...

Background Involving parents of children with cerebral palsy (C-CP) in home exercise programmes (HEP) is globally practised and closely linked to improved treatment outcomes for physical performance and function. Nevertheless, non-adherence to HEP is increasing at an alarming rate, and little is known about the factors of adherence to HEP (AHEP) es...

One of the main concepts of the psychoanalytic method postulated by Freud in 1912 is the fundamental rule, which involves asking the patient to say whatever comes to mind as the analyst follows the patient's speech with fluctuating attention. Despite different theoretical models, this concept has remained an invariant element that characterizes the...

Why do women sometimes support systems of male privilege that clearly undercut the interests of their gender group? According to some explanations from the social identity model of system attitudes, they do so: (a) due to a preference for their country’s ways of doing things (i.e., a bias in favor of their superordinate ingroup) and (b) because the...

System justification theory (SJT) assumes that social identity theory (SIT) cannot fully account for system justification by members of low-status (disadvantaged) groups. Contrary to this claim, we provide several elaborations of SIT that explain when and why members of low-status groups show system justification independent from any separate syste...

This document supplements our reply to Jost et al.'s (2023) rejoinder to our initial article on the social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA; Rubin et al., 2023). We respond to issues that we did not address in our main reply. Specifically, we argue that: (1) like SIMSA, Tajfel (1981) considered general, non-ideological, psychological proce...

In this article, we reply to Jost et al. (Citation2023) rejoinder to our article reviewing evidence for the social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA; Rubin et al., Citation2023). We argue that (1) SIMSA treats system justification as the outcome of an interaction between general social psychological process and specific historical, politica...

Members of disadvantaged groups sometimes support societal systems that enable the very inequalities that disadvantaged them. Is it possible to explain this puzzling system-justifying orientation in terms of rational group-interested motives, without recourse to a separate system motive? The social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA) claims...

The question of why (or even when) the disadvantaged might be more or less supportive of existing social arrangements is a matter of debate amongst social and political psychologists (e.g., Passini, 2019; Jost, 2020, see also Rubin et al., 2022). Accordingly, for this Research Topic, we chose a title that was deliberately broad in scope, accommodat...

This paper reports the results of a web‐based survey on the relationship between group identification, secondary traumatic stress, and psychological distress in a sample of Italian emergency medical service volunteers. The theoretical foundation of this research was based on the social cure approach that suggests that group identification can incre...

In a cross-sectional survey, we measured the extent to which 256 Italian women, (a) identified with Italy, (b) justified broader systems in Italy, (c) justified their gender system, and (d) held ambivalent sexist ideologies. Supporting predictions derived from the social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA), results revealed that women suppor...

Why do poorer and less educated Asians trust their institutions of governance more than their richer and well educated counterparts, despite their disadvantaged position within society? System justification theory (SJT) assumes that this trust is driven by a system‐level motivation that operates independently from social identity needs. In two nati...

The Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI) measures a wide range of self-reported musical abilities and behaviors in the Western adult general population, regardless of musical expertise. This instrument has been validated in various languages, but an Italian version is lacking. The present study describes the Italian validation and ada...

The article describes results of a study on the factor structure of a further Italian adaptation of the Perceived Stigma Scale in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PSS-IBD). The scale consists of 10 items measuring general perceived stigmatization that can be declined in 5 domains of life. The translated scale was administered to a sample of 162 patients...

This research analyzed the effect of professional, organizational and care-unit identifications on both healthcare professionals' quality of professional life and mental health. This research was done in a local hospital in a region of northern Italy which was one of the first regions to be impacted by the first wave of the pandemic. Using a cross-...

The present study aimed to investigate the role of motivational process and coping resources in health professionals during the COVID-19 emergency examining the role of Care Unit Identification and safety climate perception as resources that can help nurses to cope with stressors. A cross-sectional research design was used and 218 nurses completed...

Background and aim: Perceived COVID-19-related stigmatizations have a strong impact on healthcare workers' wellbeing and quality of professional life, decreasing satisfaction and increasing fatigue. This work aims to investigate the role of professional identification in moderating the impact of COVID-19-related stigma on quality of professional l...

Do superordinate in-group bias as well as temporal and social comparisons offer standalone explanations for system justification? We addressed this question using the latest World Value Survey (7th Wave), combining the responses of 55,721 participants from 40 different nations. Results from a random slope multilevel model showed that superordinate...

Introduction. According to the system justification theory (SJT), members of disadvantaged groups justify the system because they possess a specific system motivation pushing them to reduce the uncertainties by justifying the existing reality. In opposition, social identity models stress that system justification might be explained by the motivatio...

Background and aim of the work: Illicit drug (ID) use/abuse represent a social and economic burden for most countries worldwide which, in spite of the efforts to prevent this phenomena, is often a growing habit especially in the young adults. Preventive measurements, are needed to reduce the adverse health and social consequences of ID use/abuse....

The social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA) suggests that system justification among low-status groups can be explained by ingroup identification and the hope for a collective future improvement. In this report, we summarize the results of a cross-sectional investigation concerning the relationship between system justification, hope and i...

Identity diffusion is a core element of the borderline personality organization. A valid and reliable assessment tool is needed to identify at-risk adolescents in the Italian context. In this study, we investigated the psychometric properties of the Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence (AIDA), a self-report questionnaire designed to as...

Why do women support social and economic arrangements that disadvantage them? System justification theory (SJT) proposes that an autonomous system‐level motive is responsible for this tendency, beyond any group‐interested considerations (e.g., hope of future group advancement). The social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA) disputes the exis...

Since Allport’s optimal conditions for reducing prejudice by interpersonal contact were defined, numerous empirical studies have confirmed the efficacy of intergroup contact in reducing prejudice towards outgroups. Given that the Internet is changing the way people communicate and interact daily, it is very possible that the Web plays an important...

Right-wing people usually justify the system more than left-wing people. The social identity approach suggests that system justification may be an ingroup bias at overarching national levels and that differences between leftists and rightists could be linked to differences in party norms in promoting national identification. A cross-sectional desig...

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This study validated the Italian short version of FACES-IV (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale) for adolescents, namely SAD_FACES. The scale assessed adolescents’ perceptions of their families’ adaptive and maladaptive functioning along the six dimensions of cohesion, flexibility, disengagement, enmeshment, rigidity and chaos as defined by the...

Contextual and individual risk factors of veterinarians’ professional quality of life are being debated. Research suggests that attachment styles are relevant predictors of professional quality of life; however, their role in work-related well-being of veterinarians is yet to be ascertained. In the present study, self-report measures on exposure to...

Three studies have tested the hypothesis that intermediate-status groups are more oriented to ally with outgroups when their social position is under threat. In study 1, participants believed that their ingroup was intermediate in status and social stratification was manipulated as either stable or status-detrimental unstable. Results indicated tha...

Volunteering in emergency medical services (EMS) plays a fundamental role in the improvement and maintenance of collective and community health. However, this work often requires rescuers to deal with very stressful situations with consequences in terms of decreased quality of life and psychological well‐being. The aim of this work was to analyze t...

Based on Social Dominance Theory (SDT), this study investigates the relationships between ideologically conservative attitudes (social dominance orientation, SDO; right-wing authoritarianism, RWA), legitimizing myths (false belief in asylum seekers as bogus; perception of in-group threats), and citizens’ support for restricted reception and rejecti...

For the past 25 years, the field of social and political psychology has embraced the idea that humans possess a special system justification motivation which causes even members of disadvantaged groups to support societal systems that ostensibly operate against their personal and group interests. Recently, this system justification motive explanati...

For the past 25 years, the field of social and political psychology has embraced the idea that humans possess a special system justification motivation which causes even members of disadvantaged groups to support societal systems that ostensibly operate against their personal and group interests. Recently, this system justification motive explanati...

Background Notwithstanding the emphasis on the idea that students should be actively and accountably engaged in their educational pathways, little research has investigated learners’ agentic behaviours that take the form of student resistance to adult authority. Aims This paper presents an experimental study aimed to assess whether, and to what ex...

Background and aim: The study aims at identifying the antecedents and consequences of emotional exhaustion in health professionals and, particularly, examining the process that leads from a hindrance demand, like role ambiguity, to exhaustion and job satisfaction. Emotional exhaustion is a phenomenon that affect health professionals with negative...

Do extreme rightists criticize the system, or do rightwing extremists exhibit the higher system justification? These competing alternatives were tested across three studies. In Study 1 (N = 38,168), I examined the linear and quadratic relationship between political orientation and satisfaction with the existing national system across 23 nations. In...

This research analyses the effect of professional identification and intergroup contact on attitudes towards interprofessional education (IPE) among medical and nursing students. Three hundred fifty-eight nursing and medical students were surveyed measuring attitudes towards IPE and professional identification. Moreover, students were asked to repo...

Hypotheses derived from intergroup threat theory and social identity theory were tested by analyzing cross-national data about national identity and attitude toward immigrants. National identification, perceived threat and support for irregular immigrant exclusion were considered as variables at the individual level. Gross domestic product, Gini in...

Background and aims of the work: All societies are organised as hierarchies based on prestige or status. Similarly, healthcare organizations (as well as many other types of organization) are composed by professional hierarchies in which some professional groups are powerful and higher in status and other groups are powerless and lower in status. Th...

Background: Interprofessional education is an important factor in facilitating subsequent interprofessional collaboration. Therefore, implementing this teaching strategy is important to increase the chances that future professionals will work effectively together. Group membership, status and the power differential among professional groups are fa...

This paper reports on two studies investigating the role of intergroup contact on the reduction of prejudice against migrants and on organisational and health outcomes. Study 1 enrolled 624 native healthcare professionals, and showed that frequent and positive contact with non-native co-workers was associated with a decrease in the professionals' p...

Social systems are organized so that some groups are at the top of the hierarchy and others are at the bottom. Psychosocial approaches to intergroup relations have typically operationalized status differences as pairs of social categories (i.e., high- vs. low-status groups). This paper discusses the role of intermediate-status groups and how the in...

This survey investigated the effect of having multiple and crossed social identities on the relationship between ingroup commitment and intergroup bias in a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG). The survey involved 315 World of Warcraft players, who were asked to indicate the faction to whom their main avatar belonged and how man...

Three experiments tested two competing hypotheses about the legitimacy of social systems among disadvantaged groups. The first hypothesis was derived from social identity theory, and assumes that perceived legitimacy is positively linked to group interest. The second hypothesis was drawn from system justification theory and states that perceived le...

Background and aim: Background and aim of the work: The improvement of team effectivity is one of the main concerns for healthcare organizations. Moreover, healthcare organizations must cope with increasing multicultural composition of both workforce and patients. The intergroup contact theory suggests that frequent and positive face-to-face con...

The tendency to keep secrets in adolescents has been studied in particular in their relationships with their parents and associated with psychosocial disadvantages. The current study focused on peer relationships and investigated the effects of friendship quality, loneliness in a multidimensional perspective, and self-esteem on secrecy from friends...

This research investigated the relationship among perception of ingroup threats (realistic and symbolic), conservative ideologies (Social Dominance Orientation and Right-Wing Authoritarianism) and prejudice against immigrants. Data were collected with a cross-sectional design in two samples: non-student Italian adults (n = 223) and healthcare profe...

In two experiments, the effect of (in)stability of status differences on the perception of perspective legitimacy and in-group threat among intermediate-status group members (i.e., nurses students or nurses) was analysed. Both studies indicated that in downwardly unstable condition, legitimacy was lower and in-group threat was higher than in stable...

Background and aim of the work: The peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) have become an alternative to the traditional CVC. PICCs are usually inserted by trained nurses who decided to attend and complete a special training on PICC insertion and management. The present work aimed to investigate the intention of using PICC in a sample of h...

The status-legitimacy hypothesis was tested by analyzing cross-national data about social inequality. Several indicators were used as indexes of social advantage: social class, personal income, and self-position in the social hierarchy. Moreover, inequality and freedom in nations, as indexed by Gini and by the human freedom index were considered. R...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of a prolonged economic recession on the entrepreneurial intentions of young people (university students) distinguishing between propensity to start a new business (i.e. degree of interest in entrepreneurship) and perceived likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur (i.e. probability to sta...

The research undertaken for this article aims to analyse the correspondence between perceived employability and the actual national employment rate among Italian students and graduates undertaking different courses in a large Italian university. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of 2087 students in 19 faculties, and compared with...

Methods: The CCAI was translated into Italian through a team-based iterative approach and then administered to a sample of 289 nurses with symbolic and realistic threat scale and social dominance orientation scale. An on-line cross-sectional survey questionnaire was used. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the original two dimen...

Introduzione. Le infezioni del sito chirurgico (SSI) occupano, nell’ambito delle infezioni nosocomiali, il terzo posto per ordine di frequenza, rappresentando il 14,16% di tutte le infezioni osservate nei pazienti ospedalizzati e il 38% di quelle che si osservano nei pazienti chirurgici. Obiettivo. Indagare nell’ambito chirurgico quali fattori di c...

This study aims at providing an initial Italian validation of the Motivated Consumer Innovativeness (MCI) scale. This instrument has recently been developed to measure the underlying motivations linked to the consumer’s orientation in acquiring innovations. The Italian version of the scale, translated and adapted from the original version, is compo...

This research analyses the effect of stability and instability of social stratification on identity threat perception among members of an intermediate-status group. Seventy-nine nursing students were categorized in intermediate status position between physicians and healthcare operators. Stability was manipulated at three levels: 1) stable, 2) upwa...

The study proposed an extension of Marcia's identity status model based on validation of the Professional Identity Status Questionnaire (PISQ-5d), a scale able to measure both intra-individual and intergroup processes connected with the development of a professional identity in university students. The aims were to prove the construct validity of t...

To analyse the effect of both professional and care unit commitments on attitudes towards interprofessional collaboration between nurses and physicians. The effects of both professional and care unit commitment on inter-professional collaboration have not been taken into account together, and previous research has analysed only one profession at a...

Lo scopo del presente lavoro e la validazione di una versione ridotta a 25 item del COPE- NVI, uno strumento largamente utilizzato in ambito italiano per la misurazione degli stili di coping. Lo strumento e stato somministrato a 824 partecipanti adulti suddivisi in due gruppi: persone che hanno avuto un infarto del miocardio (N = 371) e persone che...

Nurse–physician collaboration involves healthcare operators from different professions working together. The dual identity model predicts that nurse–physician interprofessional collaboration could improve if these operators feel they belong to both their professional category and care unit. This study tested this prediction by analyzing the effect...

Nurse-physician stereotypes have been proposed as a factor hindering interprofessional collaboration among practitioners and interprofessional learning among nursing and medical students. Using socio-psychological theories about ambivalent stereotypes, the present work aimed to analyse: a) the content of nurse and physician stereotypes held by nurs...

The purpose of the present work is the validation of a short version (25 item) of the COPE-NVI, which is a tool widely used in Italy for the measurement of the styles of coping. The instrument was administered to 824 adult participants living in several provinces of Italy, who were divided between two groups: people who have had a myocardial infarc...

Background La complessità dell’attuale contesto sociale porta il professionista sanitario a confrontarsi con un’utenza sempre più varia per cultura, lingua e religione. Secondo i dati Istat, sono 4.570.317 gli stranieri residenti in Italia al 1° gennaio 2011, 335000 in più rispetto all’anno precedente (+7.9%): la quota di cittadini stranieri sul to...

Abstract This meta-analysis investigated differences between nurses and physicians in interprofessional collaboration (IPC) ratings. Fifty-one surveys, representing a total of 18 782 professionals and students (13 132 nurses and nursing students, and 5650 physicians and medical students), were meta-analyzed, considering several moderating variables...

Background and aim of the work: Works from healthcare management and organizational psychology prove that psychosocial variables linked to professional identity are strongly associated with nurse-physician collaborative practice. However, literature pays little attention to the role of these variables. Moreover, evidence for the relation between c...

Assumendo la prospettiva della teoria degli stati d’identità di Marcia, l’obiettivo del presente studio è di analizzare i processi di ridefinizione dell’identità professionale di un gruppo di infermieri della Regione Emilia Romagna esaminandone la connessione da un lato con alcune variabili organizzative (percezione del cambiamento normativo), dall...

According to the Marcia's theory of identity states, this work aims at analyze the processes of definition and transition of professional identity of a group of nurses from Emilia Romagna, studying the connection between professional identity and both organizational variables, such as the perception of regulatory changes, and working motivations an...

This study aimed at providing an Italian validation of the Nurse-Physician Collaboration Scale (NPCS), an instrument recently developed in Japan and then in USA to measure the perception of collaborative practice between nurses and physicians. The Italian version, translated and adapted from the original version, was composed by 20 items on a 5-poi...

To investigate the effect of some psychosocial variables on nurses' job satisfaction. Nurses' job satisfaction is one of the most important factors in determining individuals' intention to stay or leave a health-care organisation. Literature shows a predictive role of work climate, professional commitment and work values on job satisfaction, but th...

Despite a growing interest on the concept of Safety Culture may be recognized in Italy, the effectiveness of safety governance policies that have been recently activated inside hospitals cannot ignore the knowledge of the way in which healthcare specialists identify safety. Through free-word association to the stimulus «safety is», healthcare speci...

Despite a growing interest on the concept of Safety Culture may be recognized in Italy, the effectiveness of safety governance policies that have been recently activated inside hospitals cannot ignore the knowledge of the way in which healthcare specialists identify safety. Through free-word association to the stimulus «safety is», healthcare speci...

In two studies, the effect of instability of social stratification on intergroup behaviour of the intermediate-status group was investigated. In both studies, participants were categorised in the intermediate-status group. In Study 1, perceived instability was measured. Results show that the more social stratification was perceived as stable, the m...

System justification theory posits that people are motivated to see prevailing social systems as just and fair. This tendency is typically more pronounced among the advantaged, as they benefit the most from the current system. However, a strong form of the theory predicts that, in order to reduce feelings of deprivation and to rationalize their inf...

This work analyses intergroup comparison choices made by intermediate-status group members. Seventy-six psychology students were categorized in an intermediate position with respect to other faculties. Stability was manipulated at three levels: stable, upwardly unstable, and downwardly unstable. Data on strength of comparison, comparison for enhanc...

L'obiettivo dello studio č fornire un primo adattamento al contesto sanitario italiano del (SAQ), uno strumento largamente utilizzato nel contesto anglosassone per misurare la cultura della sicurezza. La versione italiana, tradotta e adattata dall'originale inglese, č stata somministrata a 660 professionisti sanitari (infermieri, ostetrici e fisiot...

Con questo lavoro si č inteso verificare la persistenza di modelli relazionali improntati a una divisione tradizionale dei ruoli di genere nell'ambito del lavoro riproduttivo. Un questionario volto a rilevare la suddivisione dei lavori domestici sia nella descrizione dei vissuti quotidiani sia in quella relativa ad una convivenza ideale č stato sot...

The aim of this study was to supply a first Italian adaptation of the Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ), an instrument widely used in the Anglo-Saxon contexts to measure the safety culture. The Italian version, translated from English, was administered to 660 health care professionals (nurses, obstetricians and physiotherapists) coming from sever...

ABSTRACT: Lo studio è parte di un progetto finanziato nel 2007 dall’ISS finalizzato a cogliere i motivi che possono favorire o ostacolare l’accesso al test per l’HIV. L’obiettivo dello studio presentato era quello di cogliere alcuni aspetti descrittivi delle rappresentazioni sociali dell’HIV e dell’AIDS attivando due piani della conoscenza: quello...

The study of status differences between groups has been an important topic in intergroup relations research. In this work, status differences are typically operationalized in dyadic terms: i.e., high versus low status. Based on the social identity approach, we conducted a minimal group experiment to investigate intergroup behaviours in a three-grou...

This new book is dedicated to new research which is defined as a set of perceived behavioral norms associated particularly with males or females, in a given social group or system. It can be a form of division of labour by gender. It is a focus of analysis in the social sciences and humanities. Gender is one component of the gender/sex system, whic...

Invariance hypothesis posits that, across cultures and contexts, men are higher in SDO than women. Social Dominance Theory (SDT) suggests that this difference is biologically determined and resulting from the differences in reproductive strategies between sexes. In this study we tested the hypothesis that values can explain gender–SDO differences....