Luc Marks Prof. dr.

Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen | UZA

Background: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is considered an odontogenic cyst, with the unique clinical characteristics of this entity being local destruction, aggressive behavior, a high recurrence rate, specific histopathologic features, and the tendency for multiple lesions when associated with syndromes. Odontogenic keratocyst accounts for 12-14%...

Aims To evaluate the perceptions of parents on general health, oral health, and dental care for children with Down syndrome (DS), and to investigate factors related to parents’ perceptions of oral health. Methods and results An online questionnaire survey was conducted of parents of children with DS. Forty‐three percent and 81% of the parents rate...

Temporomandibular disorders are multi-factorial conditions affected by psychological, biomechanical, and neuromuscular factors. Stress and anxiety experienced during the pandemic are capable of influencing and aggravating temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain. The study aimed to analyze whether the coronavirus infection can directly affec...

Aim The present study explores the treatment need for dental caries in schoolchildren in Herat, Afghanistan. Study design Cross-sectional observational study. Methods A convenience sample of 13 schools were selected for the study. All schools were located in the urban areas near Herat and were selected through allocation by the Ministry of Health,...

Aim: The present study explores the treatment need for dental caries in schoolchildren in Herat, Afghanistan. Methods: A convenience sample of 13 schools were selected for the study. All schools were located in the urban areas near Herat and were selected through allocation by the Ministry of Health, which also approved the study protocol. In th...

Mandibular fracture incidence was approximately 55.2% of pediatric facial fractures. The most common site of mandibular fractures was condyle, followed by symphysis and parasymphysis. Teeth splinting is recommended as the correct position of the repositioned teeth will provide comfort and support function for the patient, eventually supporting the...

Objectives: To provide a critical update identifying the knowledge gaps and controversies in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) within the Belgian healthcare context and outline opportunities for improvement and research in these areas. Methods: A literature review was performed to identify guidelines from international clinical so...

There is a need to expand dental services to underserved populations, such as athletes with intellectual and developmental disabilities. This review introduces dentists to this need by sharing the direction taken by the Special Smiles program of Special Olympics and addressing the need to educate special needs athletes on prevention and care of spo...

Desomorphine is a composite of the self‐made illicit drug “krokodil”, which is popular in Eastern Europe and other parts of the world. It causes toxic damage of different organs including bones. In this paper, a clinical portrait of the patient with drug‐induced osteonecrosis of mandible who refused surgical treatment in the early stages of the dis...

Background : Increased attention has been focused on the associations of periodontal disease with the onset and progression of cognitive impairment. Although the associations are likely to be multifactorial, few studies have explored the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the periodontitis-dementia link. Methods : Cross-sectional data of 1,883 pa...

PurposeThe perceptual burden and social nuisance for mainly the co-sleeper can affect the relationship between snorer and bedpartner. Mandibular advancement devices (MAD) are commonly recommended to treat sleep-related breathing such as snoring or sleep apnea. There is no consensus about the definition of snoring particularly with MAD, which is ess...

Purpose The effect of snoring on the bed partner can be studied through the evaluation of in situ sound records by the bed partner or unspecialized raters as a proxy of real-life snoring perception. The aim was to characterize perceptual snore events through acoustical features in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with an advanced mandibu...

Intellectual disability (ID) and hearing loss are frequent comorbid conditions, although otological problems often go unnoticed until picked up by screening. In the hearing program of Special Olympics (SO), athletes with ID are screened for otological problems. By retrospective analysis of all SO meetings between 2007 and 2017, more than 100,000 sc...

A visit to the dental clinic may be challenging for a child with Down syndrome due to medical and oral health problems as well as communication problems. The aim of the present study was to explore how parents of children with Down syndrome describe their child's needs in the dental health care setting. In a survey concerning parental experiences w...

This chapter describes and discuss the oral problems faced by children, adolescents and young adults with disabilities. Oral problems in this group of patients are more pronounced and more often neglected in relation to the general population. The particular difficulties and specificities in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases in these in...

Background: Cognitive impairment and poor oral health are frequently seen among older adults. Both conditions have been identified as risk factors for mortality. However, the combined associations of cognitive impairment and poor oral health with mortality have not been well studied and are therefore the aim of this cohort study. Methods: We analyz...

Background Undetected ear and hearing problems negatively impact the quality of life of people with intellectual disability (ID). Methods This multicentre retrospective study describes the outcome of ten years of ear and hearing screening in athletes with ID in seven European countries. The screening was conducted by a trained team using a stric...

Introduction : This systematic review aimed to give an overview of the current evidence surrounding the aetiology and management in terms of treatment and prevention of syncope in dental practices. Alongside the occurrence, the practitioner's competence, and the association between syncope and local anaesthetics were discussed. Methods : An electr...

Aims The population with intellectual disabilities (ID) has been reported to be a vulnerable population in terms of oral health. The aims of this study were to evaluate the oral condition and treatment needs of Special Olympics (SO) athletes from Greece, Italy and Spain. Methods and results A cross‐sectional study was performed with data collected...

s u m m a r y The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the available scientific evidence on the benefit of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) in the treatment of primary snoring (PS). From 905 initially identified articles, 18 were selected. Papers that provided indirect information regarding obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)...

Objectives The objective of this study was to compare levels of depression and anxiety of a group of patients with orofacial pain attributed to a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) to the general population.Materials and methodsDiagnosis of orofacial pain attributed to a TMD was given according the DC/TMD classification system. PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questi...

Aim To describe parental perceptions of general health, oral health and received dental health care in Swedish children with Down syndrome (DS). Methods Online questionnaire, quantitative data analysis (Chi-square test). Results Parents of 101 children with DS (52 boys, 49 girls, mean age: 9.6 years) participated. Seventy percent rated their chil...

Objective: The objective of the study, which consisted of a motivational lecture and hands-on training, was to evaluate the role of oral hygiene education for adolescents. Methods: The study population included sixty-two high school students between fourteen and fifteen years of age (thirty males and thirty-two females). The response rate was 76...

Objectives To assess the perception of oral health and oral care needs, barriers and current practices as perceived by managers and caregivers in organizations for people with disabilities in Flanders. Materials and methods Two questionnaires were developed, one for managers and one for caregivers. The questionnaires were distributed in all 570 or...

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated mesenchymal stem cells migration toward tumor locations. When applied locally MSCs interact with the locally residing host cells. The mechanisms behind this are still unclear. We aimed to detect the possible action mechanisms of MSCs on the in vivo growth of primary human oral squamous cell carcinoma....

Aim: The present research aims at reviewing the oral health conditions and treatment needs of people with disabilities in Europe. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Medline and Embase with a timeframe from January 2008 until December 2017. Subsequently, a citation tracking was undertaken. Articles in English, French a...

Aim: Determine, whether the UPAT could be used as an extra tool to collect data on functional TMJ pain and to assess orofacial pain levels related to temporomandibular disorder(s) (TMD) in youngsters. Methods: Patients were screened at the N1 Dental Clinic of Tbilisi State Medical University. The clinical scores of possible functional jaw pain w...

Background: To date, research on the opinions of dentists on the oral health care of children with DS (Down Syndrome) is scarce. Material and methods: Evaluate the views and knowledge of Belgium dentists regarding dental care of children with DS. An adequate sample of dentists were invited to fill in a validated questionnaire. Results were asses...

Background The aim of this paper is to describe the oral health status of athletes with intellectual disabilities competing in the Special Olympics, GB National Games, held in Sheffield in August 2017. Methods and materials A convenience sample of athletes who participated in the Special Olympics Special Smiles screening programme was used. All dat...

Abstract Background Special Olympics (SO) events represent an opportunity to obtain considerable information regarding intellectual disable (ID) patients. Studies done with SO data have shown an overview of the oral health status of these athletes; however, no information exists regarding the erosive tooth wear (ETW). Therefore, the aim of this stu...

1 Aims The present report describes an oral health promotion project in a residential facility for people with intellectual disabilities as a strategy to implement community service learning in undergraduate dental education. 2 Methods and Results Two undergraduate students developed a project aimed to improve the oral health in residents with int...

Background: The aim of this study is to identify the oral health status and treatment needs of Special Olympics athletes with intellectual disabilities from 181 countries by the assessment of oral health parameters and differences between world regions. Material and methods: Data were collected through interview and oral examinations within the...

This study evaluated implant outcome in patients with Down syndrome (DSPs) and provides clinical guidelines to maximize treatment outcome. A total of 57 implants were placed in eight DSPs. During follow-up, implant survival was recorded and crestal bone level was evaluated when possible. After a mean follow-up time of 5 years, six patients with 45...

Objectives The goals of the present study were as follows: (i) to explore the characteristics of the Flemish Public Centers for Social Welfare (PCSW) concerning oral health care; (ii) to explore possible barriers experienced by people on social assistance and oral health‐care providers; and (iii) to explore the accessibility of general and oral hea...

There is a need to expand dental services to underserved populations, such as athletes with intellectual and developmental disabilities. This review introduces dentists to this need by sharing the direction taken by the Special Smiles program of Special Olympics and addressing the need to educate special needs athletes on prevention and care of spo...

Background: General dentists (GDs) should be aware of the symptoms, signs, diagnoses and treatment of medical emergencies in paediatric patients. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge of GDs in coping with medical emergencies, and to identify whether they are confident to diagnose and treat medical emergencies in paediatric patients. Design: The ques...

Background: The Universal Pain Assessment Tool (UPAT) was used to assess the level of pain in people with limited communication skills. The UPAT enables clinicians to consult a specialized pain management team more often and lead to earlier interventions. The purpose of this study was to determine, whether the UPAT could be used as an extra tool t...

Objectives: The purpose was to evaluate a combined effect of active ingredients contained in new toothpaste in reducing dentine hypersensitivity. Methods: The tested toothpaste contained active ingredients potassium nitrate (5.00%) and zinc citrate (0.50%). Pain to water stimulus and blowing air was reported on hypersensitive teeth and measured...

Objectives: This study investigated a patient population suffering from temporomandibular disorders (TMD) with respect to their need for treatment, satisfaction with the information received, and the treatment provided. Methods: A survey was sent by post to 1011 patients. Results: Almost one-third of the patients had used analgesics prior to t...

Aim: To evaluate the oral condition and treatment needs of young athletes with intellectual disability (ID) from 53 countries of Europe and Eurasia who participated in the Special Olympics European Games held in Antwerp, October 2014. Methods: A cross- sectional study was undertaken with data collected through standardised procedures from consen...

Abstract Background: Special Olympics Special Smiles (SOSS) is an initiative created for oral health data collection and education in oral hygiene for athletes with an intellectual disability. The aims of this study were to evaluate treatment needs of participants of Special Olympics in Belgium 2013 in comparison with those from 2008 and to assess...

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the oral condition and treatment needs of Special Olympics (SO) athletes from Poland, Romania and Slovenia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with data collected through standardised oral screening of athletes who participated in the annual SO events held in Poland, Romania and Slo...

Special Olympics athletes, as well as the general population of people with intellectual disabilities, are expected to have poorer gingival health. The aim of the study is to explore the prevalence of gingival signs of inflammation and its relationship to oral cleanliness and age among Special Olympics athletes from Europe and Eurasia. A retrospect...

The purpose of this study was to determine, whether the UPAT could be used as an extra tool to collect data on functional TMJ pain and to assess orofacial pain levels related to temporomandibular disorder(s) (TMD) in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs).

Evaluate the views and knowledge, regarding dental care, of parents who have a child with Down syndrome (DS). Parents of children with DS were invited to fill in a questionnaire. They were recruited by the Flemish Organization for DS, from schools for children with special needs and by four multidisciplinary medical DS teams at four University Hosp...

Special Olympics athletes, as part of the population with intellectual disabilities, are reported to be more vulnerable to dental injuries due to poor lip closure, slow response to environmental obstacles, oral pathologic reflexes, or dental features. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental trauma among Special Olympics athlete...

Aims: To investigate the relation of 1) S-IgA levels in saliva with tongue coating 2) S-IgA levels in saliva with oral malodour, in patients with health, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Materials and method: 90 systemically healthy subjects aged 18-60 years were included in this study. They were grouped into three groups after clinical examin...

To assess the prevalence of signs and symptoms related to TMJ disorders in a group of young people with intelectual disability (ID) and a matched group of healthy adolescents. A group of 105 young Special Olympics (SO) athletes (ID group) aged from 14 to 25 years and a control group were examined for the presence or absence of signs and symptoms of...

Objectives: The purpose was to evaluate a combined effect of active ingredients contained in Plidenta ProSensitive toothpaste in reducing dentine hypersensitivity in 80 participants aged 16 to 55 years. Methods: Patients were equally divided in two groups: experimental group used ProSensitive toothpaste with active ingredients potassium nitrate and...

AIM: Cleft lip and/or palate is one of the most common congenital disorders. Aetiological factors of cleft formation — genetics and exogeneous factors interfering at different times during gestation — may also be involved in abnormal development of the dentition. The objective of this paper is to review dental anomalies encountered in cleft patient...

Objective The aim of the study is to determine whether in Belgium dentists feel confident to diagnose a medical emergency situation in their dental practice. MethodsA questionnaire was completed by 7.0% of the active Belgian general dental practitioners (n = 548) including questions on the frequency and knowledge of medical emergency situations in...

Dit hoofdstuk behandelt de symptomatologie van en het tandheelkundig handelen bij kinderen met een verstandelijke beperking, met bijzondere aandacht voor het syndroom van Down, kinderen met een motorische beperking en kinderen met een sociale beperking: autisme en ADHD. Binnen de context van dit handboek wordt de gegeven informatie tot de essentie...

Terwijl de gebitsgezondheid in de westerse wereld beter wordt, is dat veel minder het geval bij personen met beperkingen. De uitgebreidheid en de ernst van tandheelkundige aandoeningen is bij personen met een verstandelijke en/of motorische beperking, demente personen en chronisch zieken vaak groter dan bij de niet-beperkte leeftijdgenoten (Nunn, 1...

This study evaluates several ethical dilemmas of by dental practitioners treating persons with mental disabilities (PMD) by dentists in the Netherlands and Belgium. Ethical dental care for PMD is a hot topic. Worldwide different treatment strategies are used in the dental treatment of this patient group. In addition, cultural aspect seems to play a...

Background Data on the oral situation of young people with intellectual disabilities are scarce, especially data of children from a developing country. AimTo describe and to evaluate the oral treatment needs of Special Olympics Special Smiles Athletes in Indonesia between 2004 and 2009. DesignA cross-sectional study data were collected through inte...

To describe and evaluate the oral condition and oral treatment needs of the participants of the Special Olympics Special Smiles program organised in Belgium in 2008. A cross-sectional study where the data were collected through interviews and clinical examinations. 687 Belgian Special Smiles athletes participated, mean age 33 years. More than 70% h...

To study propofol pharmacodynamics in a clinical setting a pharmacokinetic model must be used to predict drug plasma concentrations. Some investigators use a population pharmacokinetic model from existing literature and minimize the pharmacodynamic objective function. The purpose of the study was to determine whether this method selects the best-pe...

To compare the depth of cure (DoC) of a colored polyacid-modified composite resin (PAM-C) with a traditional PAM-C and a fine hybrid composite resin using different light-curing units and different radiant energies. The DoC of the PAM-C Twinky Star (Voco, all shades), the PAM-C Glasiosite (Voco), and the composite resin Z100 (3M ESPE) shades A2 and...

Introduction: Dental agenesis (congenital absence of one or more teeth) is one of the most common developmental anomalies in humans with a reported prevalence in the permanent dentition of 2,6 to 11,3%, excluding third molars. Hypodontia may occur as an isolated condition – in a familial or sporadic form – or in association with a systemic conditio...

A large number of studies concerning the use of compomers in class II cavities in the primary dentition already exist, but the variety of the research perspectives is even bigger. This study therefore intends to abridge and evaluate the existing research through a systematic literature review. In order to gather relevant articles an extended litera...

We report a 10-year-old male proband, born from consanguineous marriage, presenting with short stature, severe aortic root dilation, skin hyperextensibility, extreme joint laxity and craniofacial dysmorphism. Clinical, biochemical and molecular findings did not match any of the well-described connective tissue syndromes in the differential diagnosi...

A large number of studies concerning the use of compomers in class II cavities in the primary dentition already exist, but the variety of the research perspectives is even bigger. AIM: This study therefore intends to abridge and evaluate the existing research through a systematic literature review. METHODS: In order to gather relevant articles an e...

In hoofdstuk 10 Diagnostiek en indicatie is beschreven op grond van welke overwegingen wordt besloten gebitselementen restauratief te behandelen. De meest gebruikte restauratiematerialen in de kindertandheelkunde zijn amalgaam, composiet en glasionomeercementen. Daarnaast worden soms nikkelchroomkronen vervaardigd. In dit hoofdstuk komt het vervaar...

Het aantal kinderen met een chronische complexe medische conditie (CCMC) is vrij stabiel de afgelopen jaren. Ten gevolge van vroegtijdige diagnose en meer effectieve medische hulp overleeft een groter aantal van deze ernstig zieke kinderen. Zo is het op dit ogenblik duidelijk dat bij kinderen met acute lymfatische leukemie of cystische fibrose (muc...

Op grond van de gestelde diagnose over de toestand van pits en fissuren (zie hoofdstuk 10 Diagnostiek en indicatie) kan de behandeling bestaan uit zowel een invasieve als een nietinvasieve ingreep. Ook combinaties van beide zijn mogelijk (Meiers & Jensen, 1984).

Dental agenesis is the most common developmental anomaly in humans and is frequently associated with several other oral abnormalities. Whereas the incidence of missing teeth may vary considerably depending on dentition, gender, and demographic or geographic profiles, distinct patterns of agenesis have been detected in the permanent dentition. These...

Premature fusion of the calvarial bones at the sutures, or craniosynostosis (CS), is a relatively common birth defect (1:2000-3000) frequently associated with limb deformity. Patients with CS may present oral defects, such as cleft soft palate, hypodontia, hyperdontia, and delayed tooth eruption, but also unusual associations of major dental anomal...

Recognition of the phenotypic spectrum and prognosis of a genetic disorder is critical to proper patient care. A 7-year-old boy with Sphrintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS) was studied to investigate speech, language and voice patterns associated with this syndrome. The child's language (expressive and receptive) and speech was characterized with regard...

A smooth surface has a beneficial effect on the aesthetic quality and longevity of a dental restoration, as well as on its biocompatibility with oral tissues. In this review studies on glass-ionomer cements (GIC), resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (RM-GIC), and compomers or polyacid-modified resin composites (PAM-C) were assessed as these are cu...

Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the curing depth of polyacid-modified composite resins (PAM-C) and some representative composite resins as a function of shade and post-cure using a scraping method and a penetrometer. Methods: The curing depth of the PAM-C Hytac, F2000, Glasiosite, Dyract, Dyract AP, and Compoglass F and of the compos...

The follow-up history and oral findings in two brothers from consanguineous parents suggest that the association of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI), delayed tooth eruption, mild mental retardation, proportionate short stature, sensorineural hearing loss and dysmorphic facies may represent a new syndrome with autosomal recessive inheritance. Histolog...

The present study aimed to compare the curing depth of polyacid-modified composite resins (PAM-C) and some representative composite resins as a function of shade and post-cure using a scraping method and a penetrometer. The curing depth of the PAM-C Hytac, F2000, Glasiosite, Dyract, Dyract AP, and Compoglass F and of the composite resins Durafill V...

Unlabelled: The use of needless local anaesthesia systems in dentistry can be of a help in treating needle phobia patients. The aim of this comfort study was to compare a classical local infiltration anaesthesia with a needle-free system. INJEX (ROSCH AG Germany). A split mouth design study was performed. All patients in this study needed 2 restor...

The primary purpose of pharmacological fear management is to reduce or block the anxiety reflex. Conscious sedation is a viable tool for both dentist and patient to overcome anxiety without having to turn to general anesthesia. This article reviews the current use of oral sedatives in dentistry, taking into account their availability and pointing o...

Conscious sedation is recommended, together with behaviour management techniques, to facilitate treatment of dental fear or dental phobia patients. In this article the authors focus on inhalation sedation by means of nitrous oxide. The procedures and indications are explained and illustrated with clinical cases. On the strength of the literature an...