Louise Corriveau

Government of Canada · Natural Resources Canada

Abstract (French version follows): The Geomapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) and Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) programs conducted extensive collaborative research on mineral systems with iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) and affiliated deposits in prospective settings of Canada. Regional alteration mapping and geochemical and geophysical mode...

Metasomatic iron and alkali-calcic mineral systems include a wide range of deposits with critical and precious metals, notably IOA, IOCG, skarn, albitite-hosted U, iron-rich Co (Au, Bi, Cu), and polymetallic vein deposits. Host systems evolve along diagnostic metasomatic paths with: 1) Na (albitite) and local skarn, 2) high-temperature (HT) Ca-Fe,...

Ore systems with regional-scale iron oxide and alkali-calcic metasomatism host iron oxide copper-gold, iron oxideapatite, iron and polymetallic skarn, albitite-hosted uranium, and epithermal deposits. The deposits develop through prograde, retrograde, telescoped and cyclical metasomatic paths across diverse rocks types, leading to alteration zones...

Metasomatic mineral systems with iron oxide and alkali-calcic hydrothermal alteration chemically and texturally transform significant volumes of the upper crust and produce iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG), iron oxide-apatite (IOA) and affiliated critical metal deposits. By combining the silicate, carbonate and phosphate alteration assemblages with ir...

Regional iron oxide and alkali-calcic alteration systems generate a wide variety of ore deposits, including iron oxideapatite (IOA), iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG), iron oxide Co, Bi, REE or U, skarn, and albitite-hosted uranium and Au-Co ± U deposits. The Great Bear magmatic zone (Canada), Cloncurry district and Olympic Copper-Gold Province (Austra...

Metasomatic iron-oxide and alkali-calcic alteration systems form a wide range of iron-oxide copper-gold (IOCG), iron oxideapatite (IOA) and primary critical metal deposits. Economic resources include Ag, Au, Bi, Co, Cu, F, Fe, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Re, rare earth elements (both heavy and light REE), U, V, W and Zn. Metal enrichments or byproducts...

Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits host economic quantities of Cu ± Au and may also yield Ag, Co, Bi, Fe, Mo, Ni, PGE, Pb, REE, U, V, Zn and industrial minerals. Iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits are sources of iron ore, and can in some cases contain REE ores. Affiliated deposits include, cobalt-bismuth variants of IOCG deposits rich in critica...

Special Paper 52 focuses on field-driven geosciences with over 70 full pages of photos from field exposures, rock slabs, cobaltinitrite-stained rock slabs, drill cores and thin sections. Abundant geological, chemical and geophysical maps and hundreds of geochemical and mineral chemistry diagrams highlight the footprints of archetypical case example...

Uranium enrichment is relatively common in metasomatic iron oxide and alkali-calcic systems that can host iron oxide-apatite (IOA), magnetite-, magnetite-hematite and hematite-group iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) and albitite-hosted uranium and Au-Co-U deposits. In Canada, the best exposed and studied IOCG and affiliated occurrences are those of the...

Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits include a wide range of hydrothermal alteration types that intensely replace their host rocks. These deposits and affiliated deposits, notably iron oxide-apatite (IOA), IOCG, skarn, albitite-hosted uranium or Au–Co–U, and polymetallic vein deposits, form through prograde, tectonically telescoped, and cyclical...

Achieving net-zero carbon emissions goals will increasingly rely on critical mineral resources while simultaneously decreasing the extraction, processing and use of hydrocarbons as the primary provider of energy. Canada is well-positioned to contribute to this effort through a series of innovative policy and research initiatives, and it is Canada's...

The Central Mineral Belt (CMB) in Labrador, Canada, hosts multiple U (±base ± precious metal) showings, prospects and deposits in metamorphosed and variably hydrothermally altered Neoarchean to Mesoproterozoic, igneous and sedimentary rocks. Previous work has recognized U mineralization locally associated with Fe-Ca and alkali metasomatism typical...

A challenge for the global economy is to meet the growing demand for commodities used in today’s advanced technologies. Critical minerals are commodities (for example, elements, compounds, minerals) deemed vital to the economic and national security of individual countries that are vulnerable to supply disruption. The national geological agencies o...

Tourmaline crystallized during iron oxide and alkali-calcic alteration and IOCG mineralization in the Great Bear magmatic zone, Canada. Within the samples analyzed, tourmaline occurs as small crystals in the groundmass of hydrothermal breccias (Southern Breccia and Contact Lake), or as large prismatic crystals in quartz (±ore-mineralogy) veins (Con...

Trace element compositions of magnetite and hematite from 16 well-studied iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) and iron oxide apatite (IOA) deposits, combined with partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), were used to investigate the factors controlling the iron oxide chemistry and the links between the chemical composition of iron oxides and...

The Southern Breccia metasomatic uranium (U) showings are located 1 km south of the NICO deposit, an iron oxide‐copper‐gold (IOCG) deposit, in the Great Bear magmatic zone of Canada. The timing of both occurrences is tightly constrained to 1873–1868 Ma, linking formation of the albitite‐hosted U to development of IOCG mineralization. During this pe...

The Paleoproterozoic East Arm Basin of Canada hosts polymetallic vein, iron oxide–apatite (IOA), and potential iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) mineral occurrences, mainly associated with a belt of ca. 1.87 Ga intermediate-composition sills termed the Compton intrusions. Advances in our knowledge of the East Arm Basin and of IOA and IOCG deposits with...

The 2017 Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits (SGA) FT-02 field trip is taking place in the east-central part of the Central Metasedimentary Belt of Quebec, Grenville Orogen. The trip is an opportunity to ponder the nature of gneiss complexes in the belt, the pathways and styles of magma emplacement at deep crustal levels, the developmen...

Fluorapatite-amphibole-magnetite assemblages are a signature alteration product in iron oxide alkali-calcic alteration (IOAA) systems that can host iron oxide-apatite (IOA) and iron oxide Cu-Au (IOCG) deposits. The distinct fluorapatite chemistry that evolves within these systems can record metasomatic processes within IOA and IOCG deposits. Rare e...

The Great Bear Magmatic Zone, in northwest Canada, contains numerous polymetallic mineral occurrences, prospects, and deposits of the iron oxide copper-gold deposit (IOCG) family. The mineralization is hosted by the Treasure Lake Group and igneous rocks of the Great Bear arc and was deposited concomitantly with the arc magmatism (ca. 1.88 to 1.87 G...

The Bondy gneiss complex in the southwestern Grenville Province of Canada, hosts a series of granulite facies 1.4–1.35 Ga mafic to felsic volcanic rocks. Metamorphosed hydrothermal alteration zones constitute large sectors of the complex and have mineral occurrences. Mineral assemblages and lithogeochemical analysis of meta-hydrothermal zones have...

EPMA and LA-ICP-MS trace elemental data of magnetite and hematite from fourteen well-studied iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) and iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits are used to test the relationships between trace element geochemistry and their host alteration types and deposit subtypes. The data furthers the development of discrimination diagrams. Iro...

Models of the three-dimensional physical property variation of the NICO Au-Co-Bi-Cu deposit, Northwest Territories, and the Southern Breccia albitite-hosted uranium occurrences and their iron oxide-alkali alteration envelopes, were derived from inversion of high-resolution aeromagnetic, gravity, and magnetotelluric (MT) data at deposit to regional...

The Great Bear magmatic zone in northern Canada hosts large iron oxide and alkali-altered systems that developed within a 10-m.y. period during the Paleoproterozoic. In the Eastern Treasure Lake and Duke sectors, and at the NICO deposit, early albitization associated with magmatism was followed by tungsten mineralization that was spatially associat...

The Great Bear magmatic zone in the Northwest Territories of Canada contains large iron-oxide alkali alteration systems noted for having high potential for iron oxide-apatite, iron oxide-copper-gold, and affiliated ore deposits. Physical properties (density, magnetic, and electrical) were measured on 824 rocks samples selected to represent the rang...

The Great Bear magmatic zone in northwestern Canada is a Paleoproterozoic volcano-plutonic belt of high K, calc-alkaline to shoshonitic affinity interpreted as a continental arc that formed between 1.87 and 1.85 Ga following the short-lived Calderian orogeny. Tectonomagmatic evolution of this magmatic zone favored the formation of multiple iron oxi...

This special issue is focused on the geology and mineral deposits in the Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains terrane of southeast Missouri, United States, and in the Paleoproterozoic Great Bear magmatic zone of Northwest Territories, Canada. Contributions in this special issue emphasize iron oxide-apatite (IOA) ± rare earth element (REE) and iro...

High-temperature metasomatism driven by ascent of voluminous, saline fluid columns in the upper crust plays a major role in the genesis of iron oxide-alkali alteration ore systems but fundamental questions remain on genetic linkages among iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG), iron oxide-apatite (IOA), albitite-hosted uranium, and skarn deposits that they...

Le complexe gneissique de Bondy (1.4-1.35 Ga), Province de Grenville, est interprété comme les vestiges d'un édifice plutono-volcanique d'arc présentant un début de rifting. Sa partie septentrionale referme un système hydrothermal de taille pluri-kilométrique (12 x 4 km) dont les faciès métasomatiques métamorphisés s'apparentent à ceux des gîtes à...

Le comportement des éléments traces varie en fonction de leur affinité pour les phases cristallines ou liquides. Dans les liquides magmatiques, les éléments chimiques ont généralement un comportement qui dépend entièrement des coefficients de partage minéral/liquide, dit comportement « CHARAC » (CHArge-and-RAdius-Controled). Bau (1996) a démontré l...

This paper documents element mobility patterns from a magnetite-group Iron Oxide Copper-Gold (IOCG) prospect in the Northwest Territories of Canada and explores implications for space-time chemical evolution of metasomatic systems hosting IOCG deposits. The Fab system, located in the Great Bear magmatic zone (GBMZ) of the Northwest Territories, Can...

The NICO deposit is located in the southern portion of the Paleoproterozoic Great Bear magmatic zone, Northwest Territories, Canada. The majority of the mineralization lies within the Bowl Zone, hosted by the Treasure Lake Group (TLG), where heavily altered precursor rocks are interpreted to be carbonate-rich wackes and siltstones. These rocks are...

Because of their large sizes, simple metallurgy, diversified resources and high grades, Iron-Oxide-Copper-Gold-type (IOCG-type) and affiliated deposits can produce extremely profitable mines. Over a century of geological mapping and exploration work in the Romanet Horst, Labrador Through, Canada, currently suggests a high potential for such deposit...

The Bondy gneiss complex in the Grenville Province of Southwest Quebec hosts a mineralized iron oxide- and copper-rich hydrothermal system. The northern part of the complex overlies the lithospheric-scale Mont-Laurier lineament and is cut by the regional Mont-Laurier South shear zone interpreted from Bouguer gravity. A sinistral 6 km wide strike-sl...

The NICO Au-Co-Bi(±Cu±W) deposit is located in the Great Bear magmatic zone, NWT, Canada, where numerous polymetallic, iron oxide-dominated mineralized systems have been recognized. Petrographic, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) studies of host-rock alteration and ore mi...

This chapter on metamorphosed hydrothermal ore deposits summarizes key attributes of mineral deposits that are hydrothermal in nature, originally formed at shallow crustal depths, entrained in orogenesis, metamorphosed to the upper amphibolite or granulite facies, and preserved. Due to the significant mineralogical, textural, and structural changes...

The Great Bear magmatic zone, located in Wopmay orogen, is a 1.875–1.84 Ga belt, 450 km long by 100 km wide of volcanic and allied plutonic rocks interpreted as a Paleoproterozoic magmatic arc. The belt, which contains economically important mineralization, was folded and subsequently cut by a swarm of northeast-striking transcurrent faults, which...

The Paleoproterozoic Great Bear magmatic zone is the focus of ongoing exploration for iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits and also hosts iron oxide-apatite occurrences. Examples of IOCG deposits in the Great Bear magmatic zone include Sue-Dianne and NICO, and other smaller prospects, including Damp, Fab, and Nori/Ra. The past-producing Terra min...

Uranium and polymetallic U mineralization hosted within brecciated albitites occurs one kilometer south of the magnetite-rich Au–Co–Bi–Cu NICO deposit in the southern Great Bear magmatic zone (GBMZ), Canada. Concentrations up to 1 wt% U are distributed throughout a 3 by 0.5 km albitization corridor defined as the Southern Breccia zone. Two distinct...

Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) systems are characterized by a wide range of hydrothermal alteration types that can indiscriminately and intensively replace their host rocks over areas of > 100 km(2). Element mobility and chemical changes associated with alteration can be of a magnitude beyond that of many other types of hydrothermal systems, and may...

The Great Bear magmatic zone (GBmz) contains several examples of iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) mineralization including the Sue-Dianne and NICO deposits and other prospects like DAMP. The δ 34 S values in pyrite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite from NICO range from 2.5‰ to 6.7‰; pyrite from DAMP varies from-0.1‰ to 5‰. Conversely, chalcopyrite from S...

The Paleoproterozoic Great Bear magmatic zone (GBmz) is the focus of ongoing exploration for iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) mineralization and also hosts numerous iron-oxide-apatite±actinolite (IOA) occurrences. Examples include the Sue-Dianne and NICO deposits and other smaller prospects like DAMP, FAB and Nori/Ra. Furthermore, the past-producing T...

New techniques for the integration of gravity and aeromagnetic data through rock physical property relationships are tested for the rapid location of potential iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) exploration targets across the Great Bear magmatic zone (GBMZ). These techniques are based on the recognition of coincident or near-offset magnetic and gravity...

We use the results of new bedrock mapping, combined with geochemical point data and airborne radiometric data (in particular equivalent uranium concentrations) to help determine which geo-logical units in the Paleoproterozoic Great Bear magmatic zone (GBmz) contain elevated uranium. The data collectively indicate that the highest primary uranium co...

NW-SE trending, transverse lineaments, including the lithospheric-scale Mont-Laurier lineament, are interpreted from regional Bouguer gravity of the Grenville orogen of SW Quebec and adjacent Superior Craton in southeastern Canada. These lineaments, transverse to the ENE trending Grenville orogen, are inferred to correspond to Palaeoproterozoic str...

We use the results of new bedrock mapping, combined with geochemical point data and airborne radiometric data (in particular equivalent uranium concentrations) to help determine which geological units in the Paleoproterozoic Great Bear magmatic zone (GBmz) contain elevated uranium. The data collectively indicate that the highest primary uranium con...

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The Geological Survey of Canada’s (GSC) Geomapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) Program is developing and applying new techniques to iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) mineral exploration. The Great Bear magmatic zone (GBmz) is the remnants of a Paleoproterozoic continental magmatic arc (~1.872–1.843 Ga), which hosts IOCG mineralisation, including the...

The Geological Survey of Canada's (GSC) Geomapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) Program is developing and applying new techniques to iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) mineral exploration. The Great Bear magmatic zone (GBmz) is the remnants of a Paleoproterozoic continental magmatic arc (ca. 1.872-1.843 Ga), which hosts IOCG mineralisation, including t...

ABSTRACT An orientation study around the NICO Co-Au-Bi deposit in the Great Bear magmatic zone of NW Territories, Canada, was initiated in 2007 to establish a practical guide to geochemical and mineralogical exploration for iron oxide copper-gold deposits in glaciated terrain. Bedrock and till samples were collected up-ice, proximal and down-ice fr...

The NICO Au-Co-Bi deposit was selected as a test site for the applied Quaternary component of the GEM-1 IOCG-Great Bear Project to characterize the heavy mineral and geochemical signature of iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG±U) deposits in derived glacial sediments and determine if some heavy minerals have potential to be useful indicator minerals for I...

A ground gravity survey over the Bondy gneiss complex and its mineralized iron oxide- and copper-rich hydrothermal system(s) in the Grenville Province of SW Quebec was undertaken to aid mineral exploration in mapping subsurface intrusions. Several kilometric-scale positive Bouguer anomalies were identified that coincide with outcropping mafic and i...

The Chevreuil intrusive suite (1.17-1.16 Ga) represents a chronological field marker of regional extent that intruded the Central Metasedimentary Belt in the western Grenville Province of Quebec after peak metamorphism. Style and site of magma emplacement, and extent of deformation of Chevreuil plutons and dykes permit unravelling of the early Gren...

The Lac Nominingue – Mont-Laurier region of the Central Metasedimentary Belt, Grenville Province of Quebec, comprises the granulite-facies Bondy gneiss complex (core of the Bondy gneiss dome) and overlying Sourd group metasedimentary rocks. A metamorphic foliation – transposed compositional layering (S1; host to peak-pressure parageneses) has been...

Mafic and ultramafic orthogneisses from the western Grenville Province of Quebec adjacent to the Archean Superior Province (Canada) display geochemical characteristics that highlight processes that shaped the pre-Grenvillian Laurentian margin through late Archean to Mesoproterozoic time. Group I mafic and ultramafic granulites of the Parautochthono...

Combined sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) U–Pb zircon data from a tightly constrained stratigraphic context of the Wakeham Group provide a precise depositional age for sedimentation within this extensive basin of the Grenville Province. Metavolcanic rocks at the eastern exposure of th...

The 1.07 Ga Rivard minette dyke transported thousands of exotic (xenoliths) and cogenetic (cognate nodules) clasts from deep lithospheric levels of the Grenville Province. Nodules related to the clinopyroxene- and biotite-phyric host consist of megacrystic clinopyroxene and K-feldspar and mica-rich pyroxenite. Clinopyroxene megacrysts record high-p...

Volcanic belts developed along the southeastern continental margin of Laurentia between 1.70 and 1.30 Ga and subsequently metamorphosed at high grade are today largely concealed among gneiss complexes of the Grenville Province. At the eastern end of the Wakeham Group and in the La Romaine Supracrustal Belt to the east, four 1.50 Ga volcanic centres...

The La Romaine Supracrustal Belt and the southeastern end of the Wakeham Group in the eastern Grenville Province, Canada, host a series of Pinwarian, 1.50 Ga felsic-dominated volcanic centres metamorphosed at amphibolite to granulite facies during the Grenville orogeny. The centres are interpreted as being related to the emergence of rhyolitic dome...

Canadian society faces a significant decline in the number of active mines and in the discovery rate of base and precious metal deposits. Exploring in the shadows of active and former mines with improved metallogenic models and new technologies is one way to address this problem. Another way is to diversify mineral exploration outside known mining...

Information derived from regional geology, styles of magma emplacement, xenoliths, and western Grenville Lithoprobe reflectors is integrated to model the architecture of the Central Metasedimentary Belt in Quebec. The belt comprises a thin-skinned western marble domain that projects structurally to the east above a quartzite domain; both domains ar...

The Thompson Nickel Belt marks the boundary between the Archean Superior Province and the Trans-Hudson Orogen in Canada. It comprises Archean gneisses, and Paleoproterozoic rocks with metasediments and metavolcanites (Ospwagan Group) and intrusions. The gneisses are frequently migmatitic and host numerous pegmatites. The western belt boundary is a...

The timing of Cu–Mo–U mineralisation at the Nori/RA prospect in the Paleoproterozoic Great Bear magmatic zone has been investigated using Re–Os molybdenite and 40 Ar– 39 Ar biotite geochronology. The Re–Os molybdenite ages presented are the first robust sulphide mineralisation ages derived from the Great Bear magmatic zone. Cu–Mo–U mineralisation i...

U–Pb baddeleyite ages and paleomagnetic poles obtained for dykes on Devon Island and Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic and the Thule region of Greenland show that they are associated with the Franklin magmatic event. This study is the only one devoted to Franklin igneous rocks where a primary paleomagnetic remanence and U–Pb age have been obt...

The Contact Lake Belt forms the NW-trending flank of a collapsed andesite stratovolcano complex adjacent to a subvolcanic intrusion within the northern, 1.87 to 1.85 Ga, Great Bear magmatic zone, Northwest Territories, Canada. It belongs to the Port Radium-Echo Bay historical district that hosts past producers of U, Ag, Cu (± Ra, Ni, Co, Bi) from p...

Alteration mapping is recognized as an effective tool for the discovery of hydrothermal ore deposits in both green-field and brownfield exploration terranes. Similar to their non-or weakly-metamorphosed equivalents, metamorphosed hydrothermal alteration zones are also key elements in vectoring to ore. However, in gneiss terranes, the recognition of...

IOCG Deposit Types Definition Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits encompass a wide spectrum of sulphide-deficient low-Ti magnetite and/or hematite ore bodies of hydrothermal origin where breccias, veins, disseminations and massive lenses with polymetallic enrichments (Cu, Au, Ag, U, REE, Bi, Co, Nb, P) are genet-ically associated with, but eithe...

The geological evolution of the Grenville orogenic belt represents one of the most widespread episodes of crustal modification in Earth's history. The 39 papers in this volume offer a system-wide perspective on rocks and processes of the Mesoproterozoic Grenville orogen and Appalachian inliers and include many multidisciplinary studies presenting r...

Recent mineral deposits synthesis highlights the largely barren nature of the high-grade metamorphic terrains of the Canadian Shield in terms of large mining camps. No where is the gap most startling than in the Grenville Province even though a lot of its Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic crust consists of magmatic arcs renown worldwide to host IOCG, VHMS...

An extensive Cu-mineralized hydrothermal system has been recognized among the 1.5 Ga La Romaine volcano-sedimentary belt, in the eastern Grenville Province. This high-grade metamorphosed supracrustal belt occurs as a narrow basin within coeval granitoids. Granulite-facies alteration halos, encompassing rocks diagnostic of advanced argillic alterati...

As part of the Geological Survey of Canada's effort to consolidate Canada's geoscience knowledge base and to make this information easily accessible via the internet (in accordance with the Federal Government's "Government-On-Line" policy), the CCGK Project X15 -Consolidation and Synthesis of Mineral Deposit Knowledge - is working towards a GIS-bas...

Combined structural and geochronologic research in the southernmost portion of the contiguous Grenville Province of North America (Ontario and New York State) show protracted periods of extension after the last episode of contraction. The Grenville Province in this area is characterized by synorogenic extension at ca. 1040 Ma, supported by U-Pb dat...

Granitic rocks related to 1.18 to 1.13 Ga anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite plutonism stitch three terranes in the southwestern Grenville Province (Adirondack Highlands–Morin terrane, Frontenac terrane, Elzevir terrane). Because of the refractory nature of zircon (Zrn), analysis of oxygen-isotope ratios of dated igneous zircon from these ro...

The southwestern Grenville Province in Ontario consists of Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic rocks that formed along the southeastern margin of Laurentia dur-ing a significant period of growth of the North American continent. The area investi-gated consists of high-grade ortho-and paragneisses whose protoliths formed between 1500 and 1350 Ma. Ge...

The Mount Eve granite suite is a postorogenic, A-type granitoid suite that consists of several small plutonic bodies occurring in the northwestern New Jersey–Hudson Highlands. Mount Eve granite suite rocks are equigranular, medium-to coarse-grained, quartz monzonite to granite, consisting of quartz, microperthite, and oligo-clase, with minor hornbl...

The 1.4 Ga volcanic-plutonic arc-related Bondy gneiss complex in the western Grenville Province of Québec, Canada, comprises a Cu-Au-Fe oxides hydrothermal system characterized by a series of showings among aluminous and magnesian lithofacies, such as tourmalinite, aluminous sillimanite-bearing gneiss, garnetite, and cordierite-orthopyroxene white...