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Publications (145)
Muscle glucose transport activity increases with an acute bout of exercise, a process that is accomplished by the translocation of glucose transporters to the plasma membrane. This process remains intact in the skeletal muscle of individuals with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exercise training is, therefore, an important c...
To improve muscle healing upon injury, it is of importance to understand the interplay of key signaling pathways during muscle regeneration. To study this, mice were injected with cardiotoxin (CTX) or PBS in the Tibialis Anterior muscle and were sacrificed 2, 5 and 12 days upon injection. The time points represent different phases of the regenerati...
Background:
Benefits of sprint interval training performed in hypoxia (SIH) compared to normoxia (SIN) have been assessed by studies mostly conducted around 3000 m of simulated altitude. The present study aims to determine whether SIH at an altitude as high as 4000 m can elicit greater adaptations than the same training at 2000 m, 3000 m or sea-le...
Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients display skeletal muscle hypotrophy, altered oxidative capacity, exercise intolerance and poor quality of life. We previously demonstrated that moderate‐intensity endurance training is beneficial for improving muscle function and quality of life of patients. The present study evaluated the effects of this moderate‐...
Electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) has been suggested to be a useful method to investigate the mechanisms underlying the adaptations of human skeletal muscle to both endurance and resistance exercise. Although different myotube stimulation protocols mimicking acute and chronic endurance exercise have been developed, no convincing protocol mimicking...
Loss of skeletal muscle mass in cancer cachexia is recognized as a predictor of mortality. This study aimed to characterize the changes in the muscle secretome associated with cancer cachexia to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved and to identify secreted proteins which may reflect this wasting process. The changes in the muscle...
Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms known to regulate glucose homeostasis in human skeletal muscle of healthy and pre-diabetic subjects exercising in normobaric hypoxia.
Methods:
Seventeen healthy (H; 28.8±2.4y; VO2max: 45.1±1.8mL·kg-1·min-1) and fifteen pre-diabetic (P; 44.6±3.9y; VO2max: 30.8±2.5mL·kg-1·min-1) men were rand...
Muscle regeneration is regulated through interaction between muscle and immune cells. Studies showed that treatment with supra-physiological doses of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) abolished inflammatory signaling and impaired muscle recovery. The present study examines the effects of pharmacologically-relevant NSAID treatment on musc...
Background:
Every day, blood banks worldwide face the challenge of ensuring an adequate blood supply. Iron deficiency is by far the most common cause of deferral of blood donors. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of iron supplementation after repeated blood donation on iron status and physiological performance.
Materials an...
The aim of the present study was to determine if the training status decreases inflammation, slows down senescence and preserves telomeres health in skeletal muscle in older compared to younger subjects, with a specific focus on satellite cells. Analyses were conducted on skeletal muscle and cultured satellite cells from vastus lateralis biopsies (...
Skeletal muscle mass is critical for sport performance and in many pathological conditions. The combination of protein intake and resistance exercise is the most efficient strategy to promote skeletal muscle hypertrophy and remodeling. However, to be really efficient, certain conditions need to be considered. The amount, type and source of proteins...
This study identified the changes in hypertrophy/atrophy and mitochondrial-related signaling in human skeletal muscle following whole-body (WB) and localized single leg (SL) heat treatment. Nine active male participants were administered either 60 min of passive WB (44–50°C, 50% humidity) or SL (water-perfused suit at 49.5 ± 1.4°C) heat treatment a...
Pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the deadliest cancers where surgery remains the main survival factor. Mitochondria were described to be involved in tumor aggressiveness in several cancer types including pancreas cancer. We have previously reported that myoferlin controls mitochondrial structure and function, and demonstrated that myoferlin...
Although the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on health and sports performance are well documented, the effects of this training type on mucosal immune function remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an acute HIIT session on salivary immune and endocrine marker levels (immu-noglobulin A (sIgA), alpha amy...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) originated in China in late 2019 and has since spread rapidly to every continent in the world. This pandemic continues to cause widespread personal suffering, along with severe pressure on medical and health care providers. The symtoms of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the subsequent prognosis is worsene...
Background:
A light but regular combined training program is sufficient to improve health in obese adolescents. Hypoxia is known to potentiate the effects of a high intensity period of combined training on exercise performance and glucose metabolism in this population. Here, we tested the effects of a less intensive hypoxic combined training progr...
mTORC1 is an important regulator of muscle mass but how it is modulated by oxygen and nutrients is not completely understood. We show that loss of the prolyl hydroxylase domain isoform 1 oxygen sensor in mice (PHD1KO) reduces muscle mass. PHD1KO muscles show impaired mTORC1 activation in response to leucine whereas mTORC1 activation by growth facto...
The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the currently available knowledge about the mechanisms by which physical activity may affect metastatic development. The search terms exercise [Title/Abstract] AND metastasis [Title/Abstract] returned 222 articles on PUBMED on the 10 February 2019. After careful analysis of the abstr...
Acute environmental hypoxia may potentiate muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training but the mechanisms are still unknown. To this end, twenty subjects performed a 1-leg knee extension session (8 sets of 8 repetitions at 80% 1 repetition maximum, 2-min rest between sets) in normoxic or normobaric hypoxic conditions (FiO2 14%). Muscle bi...
Over the last three decades, the combination of a sedentary lifestyle and excessive food intake has led to a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity. The latter favors a chronic low-grade inflammatory state and an over-activation of the innate immune system, which contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Physical exercise is...
Over the last three decades, the combination of a sedentary lifestyle and excessive food intake has led to a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity. The latter favors a chronic low-grade inflammatory state and an over-activation of the innate immune system, which contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Physical exercise is...
The aim of this study was to examine the activation of skeletal muscle signaling pathways related to protein synthesis and the gene expression of regeneration/degradation markers following repeated bouts of eccentric cycling. Nine untrained men (25.4 ± 1.9 y) performed two 30-min eccentric cycling bouts (ECC1, ECC2) at 85% of maximal concentric wor...
Purpose: Despite the benefits of commercial exergames, in the practical application, players might not be spending sufficient time in physical activity levels compatible with health outcomes. We adopted a design-based exergame approach to build a bike exergame called Greedy Rabbit. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of Greedy Rabb...
This study investigated whether regular endurance exercise maintains basal mitophagy and mitochondrial function during aging. Mitochondrial proteins and total mRNA were isolated from vastus lateralis biopsies (n = 33) of young sedentary (YS), old sedentary (OS), young active (YA), and old active (OA) men. Markers for mitophagy, fission, fusion, mit...
Background and purpose: During the last decade, a growing body of research and practice has built on children and youth interest in video games using exergames to promote health outcomes. However, despite the exergames benefits, children and teenagers may still not acquire adequate levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity when playing comme...
During the course of life, muscle mass undergoes many changes in terms of quantity and quality. Skeletal muscle is a dynamic tissue able to hypertrophy or atrophy according to growth, ageing, physical activity, nutrition and health state. The purpose of the present review is to present the mechanisms by which exercise can induce changes in human sk...
Purpose:
To evaluate the effects of a 6-week taekwondo-specific high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in simulated normobaric hypoxia on physical fitness and performance in taekwondoists.
Methods:
Eighteen male and female black-belt taekwondoists trained twice a week for 6 weeks in normoxia or in hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.143 O2). The HIIT was compose...
As the world demographic structure is getting older, highlighting strategies to counteract age-related diseases is a major public health concern. Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures that serve as guardians of genome stability by ensuring protection against both cell death and senescence. A hallmark of biological aging, telomere health is determi...
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) deficiency (XX) on muscle damage induced by an eccentric exercise bout. In this purpose, 4 RR and 4 XX individuals performed an intensive eccentric knee flexion exercise on an isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle biopsies, blood and pain scores were taken before and after the exercis...
Objective Hypoxia is a state of lowered oxygen tension in tissue that can be created by environmental or pathological conditions. Whatever the origin of hypoxia, different tissues will adapt acutely and/or chronically to deal with this reduction in oxygen availability. Hypoxia has recently emerged as a particularly efficient stimulus to stimulate m...
Purpose:
To test whether environmental hypoxia could potentiate the effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
Methods:
Fourteen adolescents with obesity were assigned to 6 weeks of exercise training either in normoxic or in hypoxic conditions (FiO2 15%). Adolescents trained 3x/w for 50-60min, including endurance...
Objectives:
As the catabolic state induced by septic shock together with the physical inactivity of patients lead to the rapid loss of muscle mass and impaired function, the purpose of this study was to test whether an early physical therapy during the onset of septic shock regulates catabolic signals and preserves skeletal muscle mass.
Design:...
We hypothesized that a single session of resistance exercise performed in moderate hypoxic (FiO2: 14%) environmental conditions would potentiate the anabolic response during the recovery period spent in normoxia. Twenty subjects performed a 1-leg knee extension session in normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Muscle biopsies were taken 15 min and 4 h aft...
Purpose of review:
To highlight recent evidence for the ability of polyphenols and their derivatives to reduce muscle wasting in different pathological states.
Recent findings:
From January 2016 to August 2017, four articles dealt with the effects of polyphenols on muscle wasting, which were all carried out in mice. The four studies found that p...
Background:
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are disorders that correlate with the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways and cytokine production, to which Toll like receptors (TLR) contribute. Exercise may act as an anti-inflammatory modulator, but there is no consensus about the role of the TLR in this tuning. The present styudy aims to systemati...
Introduction : La drépanocytose est une hémoglobinopathie génétique ayant pour conséquences deux manifestations cliniques majeures : une anémie hémolytique chronique sévère et des crises vaso-occlusives itératives. Récemment, nous avons mis en évidence que la drépanocytose s’accompagnait d’un remodelage profond du tissu musculaire, contribuant à l’...
Introduction : La drépanocytose est une hémoglobinopathie génétique ayant pour conséquences deux manifestations cliniques majeures : une anémie hémolytique chronique sévère et des crises vaso-occlusives itératives. Récemment, nous avons mis en évidence que la drépanocytose s’accompagnait d’un remodelage profond et délétère du tissu musculaire, cont...
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to compare the changes in salivary cortisol and testosterone concentrations between men and women during an official volleyball tournament and to test potential correlations between changes in these hormones and perceived exertion after match.
Methods:
Three matches of each team were assessed in the group stage...
Activating transcription factor (ATF) 3 regulates chemokine expression in various cell types and tissues. Herein, we studied this regulation in contracting muscle cells in vitro, and in skeletal muscle after muscle-damaging exercise in vivo. C2C12 myotubes with normal or low ATF3 levels (atf3_siRNA) were electrically stimulated (EPS). Also, ATF3-kn...
Figure S1. Effect of urolithins A and B on the size and effect of urolithin B on the energy status of C2C12 myotubes. (A and C) After four days of differentiation, C2C12 myotubes were treated with urolithin B, urolithin A or vehicle DMSO (CTRL) for additionally 24 h. Cells were then fixed and immunostained with anti‐desmin, nuclei were revealed by...
Figure S5. Signaling associated with reduction of muscle atrophy by urolithin B in mice. (A‐F) Representative immunoblots and quantification for total FoxO3a or phosphorylated FoxO1/?FoxO3a normalized to GAPDH expression, for the ratio of phosphorylated Akt on total Akt, for the ratio of phosphorylated AMPK on total AMPK, for the ratio of phosphory...
Figure S3. Positive and negative controls supporting the implication of the androgen receptor in enhancement of myotube growth induced by urolithin B. (A‐C) The androgen receptor (AR) was inactivated in C2C12 myotubes by siRNA targeting the receptor (siRNA AR). (A) mRNA level of AR in cells transfected with a scramble (Scr) or siRNA, and treated or...
Figure S4. Urolithin B increases puromycin incorporation in soleus muscle. (A) Representative image of WB analysis for puromycin, from SOL protein samples. (B) Quantification of the puromycin‐labeled peptides in SOL muscle, expressed as a percentage of the values obtained in the control group. Data are means ± SEM from 6 mice per condition. P‐value...
Supplemental Experimental Procedures
Figure S2. Urolithin B does not regulate autophagy in C2C12 myotubes. (A) Quantification and representative immunoblots of the ULK1 phosphorylation state at Ser757 and (B) the ratio LCBII/?LC3BI. (C) Effect of urolithin B on Lc3b, p62 and Gabarapl‐1 mRNA levels, normalized to RPL‐19 mRNA, as assessed by qPCR. Incubation conditions: urolithin B (Uro...
Purpose:
To examine the effects of a moderate dose of caffeine in elite male volleyball players on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, as well as temporal concentric and eccentric phase effects.
Methods:
Ten elite male volleyball players took part in two experimental days via a randomized cross-over trial 1 week apart in which they ingested...
Skeletal muscle mass reflects a dynamic turnover between net protein synthesis and degradation. In addition, satellite cell inclusion may contribute to increase muscle mass while fiber loss results in a reduction of muscle mass. Since 2010, a few studies looked at the involvement of the newly discovered Hippo pathway in the regulation of muscle mas...
Background:
The control of muscle size is an essential feature of health. Indeed, skeletal muscle atrophy leads to reduced strength, poor quality of life, and metabolic disturbances. Consequently, strategies aiming to attenuate muscle wasting and to promote muscle growth during various (pathological) physiological states like sarcopenia, immobiliz...
Purpose:
To determine whether fission and mitophagy are activated by acute endurance exercise in human skeletal muscle and to investigate if this activation is dependent upon the nutritional state.
Methods:
Trained athletes (n = 7) cycled for 2 h at 70% VO2 peak in a fed or fasted state. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained at baseline...
to the editor: We appreciate the numerous comments (see Ref. [4][1]) on our Viewpoint ([2][2]), which demonstrates the interest of muscle physiologists for the topic. A number of commentaries pointed toward the fact that our model did not sufficiently account for the high interindividual variability
Aim:
To determine whether repeated maximal-intensity hypoxic exercise induces larger beneficial adaptations on the hypoxia inducible factor-1α pathway and its target genes than similar normoxic exercise, when combined with chronic hypoxic exposure.
Methods:
Lowland elite male team-sport athletes underwent 14 days of passive normobaric hypoxic ex...
Background
The aims of the present study were to investigate the impact of three whole blood donations on endurance capacity and hematological parameters and to determine the duration to fully recover initial endurance capacity and hematological parameters after each donation.
Methods
Twenty-four moderately trained subjects were randomly divided i...
Activating transcription factor (ATF)3 regulates the expression of inflammation-related genes in several tissues under pathological contexts. In skeletal muscle, atf3 expression increases after exercise, but its target genes remain unknown. We aimed to identify those genes and to determine the influence of ATF3 on muscle adaptation to training. Ske...
Background:
Blood is a life-saving product for many people worldwide. Voluntary blood donation serves the demand for blood but there are concerns among potential donors about the impact of blood loss on exercise performance. This systematic review aimed to collect the best available evidence of the effect of a standard whole blood donation on aero...
Skeletal muscle wasting has been shown to be a mechanism by which humans are able to adapt to extreme altitude. Nonetheless, the literature is conflicting regarding the altitude or time point at which this phenomenon starts to occur. Using the metric recently suggested by Garvivan-Lewis et al. (8), we propose an hypoxic dose of 5000 km·h as the cut...
Introduction et but de l’étude
Le muscle squelettique est le tissu le plus abondant du corps humain. Le contrôle de sa masse est essentiel pour assurer ses fonctions physiologiques comme la locomotion, la respiration ou encore la posture. Il joue également un rôle majeur dans le contrôle du métabolisme. L’atrophie musculaire est associée à une dimi...
Purpose of review:
The purpose of this article is to collect the most recent data regarding the safety of well-known or emerging dietary supplements used by athletes.
Recent findings:
From January 2014 to April 2016, about 30 articles have been published in the field. New data show that 90% of sports supplements contain trace of estrogenic endoc...
DNA breaks activate the DNA damage response and, if left unrepaired, trigger cellular senescence. Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures that protect chromosome ends from persistent DNA damage response activation. Whether protection can be enhanced to counteract the age-dependent decline in telomere integrity is a challenging question....
Purpose: We investigated the effect of sprint interval training (SIT) in normoxia, vs. SIT in hypoxia alone or in conjunction with oral nitrate intake, on buffering capacity of homogenized muscle (βhm) and fiber type distribution, as well as on sprint and endurance performance.
Methods: Twenty-seven moderately-trained participants were allocated to...
The aim of this study was to examine the link between salivary concentrations of cortisol, testosterone, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) as a measure of internal load after two final matches played 3 days apart by professional women football players. Saliva samples were taken before and after the two matches (M1, M2)...
We hypothesize that the attenuated hypertrophic response in old mouse muscle is (1) partly due to a reduced capillarization and angiogenesis, which is (2) accompanied by a reduced oxidative capacity and fatigue resistance in old control and overloaded muscles, that (3) can be rescued by the antioxidant resveratrol. To investigate this, the hypertro...
Purpose:
To examine the effect of α-actinin-3 deficiency due to homozygosity for the ACTN3 577X-allele on contractile and morphological properties of fast muscle fibers in non-athletic young men.
Methods:
A biopsy was taken from the vastus lateralis of 4 RR and 4 XX individuals to test for differences in morphologic and contractile properties of...
Chronic hypoxia leads to muscle atrophy. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are not well defined in vivo. We sought to determine how chronic hypoxia regulates molecular markers of protein synthesis and degradation in human skeletal muscle and whether these regulations were related to the regulation of the hypoxia-inducible fac...
Properties of single muscle fibers with mixed MHC-isoforms in participants with RR and XX genotypes.
Values are means±SE. n.a. = not applicable.
(DOCX)
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring au...
This study was designed to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the anabolic resistance observed in elderly people. Nine young (22 ± 0.1 years) and 10 older (69 ± 1.7 years) volunteers performed a one-leg extension exercise consisting of 10 × 10 repetitions at 70% of their 3-RM, immediately after which they ingested 30 g of whey p...
Androgen deficiency is associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in men, but the mechanisms behind these associations remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of androgen deficiency and high fat diet (HFD) on body composition and glucose homeostasis in C57BL/6J male mice. Two models of andr...