Lotte Schlicht

Max Planck Institute for Ornithology · Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics

The spring dawn and dusk chorus of birds is a widespread phenomenon, yet its origin remains puzzling. We propose that a dawn and dusk chorus will inevitably arise if two criteria are met: (1) females leave their roost later in the morning and go to roost earlier in the evening than their mate, and (2) males sing more when separated from their mate....

Copulations outside the pair bond are common among socially monogamous birds, but males differ in their extrapair siring success. A large body of research has focused on the ultimate causes and consequences of this variation, but the behavioural mechanisms underlying extrapair siring success remain poorly understood. Previous work showed that male...

Leaving the nest is a key transition in the life of altricial birds, whereby fledging decisions should depend on multiple factors, including the risk of predation. High postfledging predation risk may favour fledging at a more advanced stage of development, if more developed fledglings are better at escaping predation, or together with others. Whil...

The transition from nestling to fledgling is a key moment in the development of altricial birds. Mortality immediately after fledging is typically high and selection should favour fledging strategies that maximize the chance of survival. While several studies have examined the influence of ecological conditions or nestling development on the timing...

In altricial birds, leaving the nest is a key life history transition associated with a high risk of mortality. Studies of numerous species have shown that young typically fledge early in the day, and it is often asserted that early fledging is important for survival; however, evidence for this hypothesis is limited. We used an automated monitoring...

Why females engage in social polygyny remains an unresolved question in species where the resources provided by males maximize female fitness. In these systems, the ability of males to access several females, as well as the willingness of females to mate with an already mated male, and the benefits of this choice, may be constrained by the socio-ec...

Why females pair with already mated males and the mechanisms behind variation in such polygynous events within and across populations and years remain open questions. Here, we used a 19-year data set from a pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) population to investigate, through local networks of breeding pairs, the socio-ecological factors related...

All birds sleep and many do so in a specific location, the roost. Thus, every day each individual needs to decide when to go to (enter) and leave the roosting place. This determines the timing of activity, a trait shaped by both natural and sexual selection. Despite its importance in a variety of contexts, including foraging, predation, mating succ...

Extra-pair paternity is a common phenomenon but in low frequency in passerine bird species. For blue tits, it has been found that larger adult males, direct neighbors and extraterritorial behaviours of males increase the probability of having extra-pair offspring (EPO). Nevertheless, extra-pair behaviours of females are difficult to investigate and...

In species with parental care, offspring often solicit food through elaborate begging displays. Begging is thought to be a reflection of offspring need, but short-term fluctuations in begging do not necessarily provide reliable information. Parents thus have to adjust their provisioning behaviour to the changing demands of their offspring, while mi...

Many bird species use specific vocalizations in the context of courtship or (attempted) copulations. These vocalizations can be used to gain information about the courtship behaviour of individuals, even when courtship or copulation behaviour itself is difficult to observe. We recorded courtship vocalizations of Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus during...

In territorial species, at least 1 of the 2 individuals involved in an extrapair mating has to leave its territory in order to copulate with the extrapair partner. However, data on extraterritorial forays are difficult and time-consuming to acquire, and extensive datasets on foraying behavior are rare. Here, we use an automated recording system to...

Most studies on extra‐pair paternity ( EPP ) focus either on a specific male's extra‐pair gains or his extra‐pair losses. For an individual bird however, mate choice or mate availability may underlie strong spatial restrictions. Disregarding this spatial aspect may underestimate or mask effects of parameters influencing observed EPP patterns. Here,...

In several bird species, the period around dawn seems important for extrapair behavior. For example, a study on great tits (Parus major) showed that females that emerged earlier from their roosting place during the peak of their fertile period were more likely to have extrapair young in their brood. We investigated the potential effect of female em...

Thiessen polygons are often used to model territory characteristics. However, information about the quality of Thiessen polygon-based estimates is currently lacking. We used published data to investigate the match between Thiessen polygons and mapped bird territories regarding territory size, shape and neighbourhood. Although territory sizes and th...

Various studies have reported that extrapair young outperform their within-pair half-siblings in fitness-relevant traits, suggesting indirect benefits of extrapair copulations for females. Recent studies, however, suggest that potential confounding maternal effects such as laying and hatching order may have been overlooked. In this study on blue ti...