Loring Crepeau

• Senior Researcher at Rafael Advanced Defense Systems

Though we would like to believe that people universally consider workplace mistreatment to be an indicator of injustice, we describe why bystanders can react to justice events (in this study, vicariously observing or becoming aware of others being mistreated) with diverging perceptions of organizational injustice. We show that a bystander’s gender...

Our research examined how team age diversity can be either detrimental or beneficial for team performance depending on team agreeableness minimum. In age diverse teams, a disagreeable teammate may trigger age-based stereotypes about his/her social group, thereby activating social categorization. This would result in decreased relational team functi...

In the present study, we examined whether greater personality dissimilarity would indirectly lead to lower organizational commitment as a result of heightened emotional exhaustion. We also proposed and tested the notion that the experience of being dissimilar to one’s workgroup members in the traits of (a) agreeableness, (b) conscientiousness, or (...

Emotional exhaustion is a threat to standard operations, particularly in organizations in which physical safety is at risk. High moral intensity is inherent in such organizations due to the magnitude of consequences associated with ethical/unethical conduct. The authors proposed a psychological process in which ethical leadership affects emotional...

The military unit is a critical center of gravity in the military's efforts to enhance resilience and the health of the force. The purpose of this article is to augment the military's Total Force Fitness (TFF) guidance with a framework of TFF in units. The framework is based on a Military Demand-Resource model that highlights the dynamic interactio...

Emotional exhaustion is a threat to mission readiness. This paper describes a psychological process in which ethical leadership influences emotional exhaustion not only directly, but also indirectly through unit cohesion. The model was tested among 338 uniformed Department of Defense personnel deployed in combat zones—personnel likely exposed to op...

Workplace discrimination and strain are both linked to mission readiness, as they yield decreased job performance (Cropanzano, Rupp, & Byrne, 2003; Goldman, Gutek, Stein, & Lewis, 2006). Together, they cost US organizations over a billion dollars per day (American Institute of Stress, 2012; Center for American Progress, 2012). Surprisingly, despit...

Hazing in the military began as a celebration of accomplishments and strengthening of unit bonds. However, it has in some cases transformed through time into degrading and demeaning acts with the potential for deadly consequences. All services find acts of hazing punishable under the Uniformed Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) law, yet, it still occu...

Cross-cultural competence (3C) has been conceptualized in many ways, but most definitions center on the ability to quickly understand and effectively act in a culture different from one’s own (Abbe, Gulick, & Herman, 2008; McDonald, McGuire, Johnston, Semelski & Abbe, 2008; Selmeski, 2009). It is a vital element for military and civilian personnel...

Two studies examine outcomes and moderators of diversity in the military. Relationships among diversity climate and organizational effectiveness were assessed. Diversity Climate was a significant predictor

With a desire to increase health, cognitive performance effectiveness, and quality of life for submarine watch-standers underway, we performed an evaluation comparing an alternative, compressed-work (ALT) schedule, designed to enhance circadian rhythm entrainment and sleep hygiene, to the contemporary submarine (SUB) forward rotating schedule, aboa...

The human brain can only accommodate a circadian rhythm that closely follows 24 hours. Thus, for a work schedule to meet the brain’s hard-wired requirement, it must employ a 24 hour-based program. However, the 6 hours on, 12 hours off (6/12) submarine watchstanding schedule creates an 18-hour “day” that Submariners must follow. Clearly, the 6/12 sc...

Submarine watch-standers adhere to a 6 hour-on, 12 hour-off (6/12) watch-standing schedule, yoking them to an 18-hr day, engendering circadian desynchronization and chronic sleep deprivation. Moreover, the chronic social crowding, shift work, and confinement of submarine life provide additional stressors known to correlate with elevated secretory i...

Submarine watch-standers adhere to a 6 hour-on, 12 hour-off (6/12) watch-standing schedule, yoking them to an 18-hr day, engendering circadian desynchronization and chronic sleep deprivation. Moreover, the chronic social crowding, shift work, and confinement of submarine life provide additional stressors known to correlate with elevated secretory i...

The Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) was measured for Navy divers participating in two saturation deep dives and for a group of nondivers to test different communication systems and their components. These SIIs were validated using the Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) test and the Griffiths version of the Modified Rhyme Test (GMRT). Our goal was...

The purpose of this study was to compare the appropriateness and effectiveness of the speech perception in noise (SPIN) test and the Griffiths version of the modified rhyme test (GMRT) in assessing Navy divers' speech understanding using communication systems containing different helium speech unscramblers (HSUs), one of which produces, by subjecti...

The MK 24 full face mask (FFM) is configured to support MK 16 MOD 0 UBA decompression dives and SEAL delivery vehicle (SDV) transits. During certification testing at depths shallower than 15.3 msw (fsw) the FFM produced chatter upon inhalation in the open circuit mode, apparently due to newly-designed second stage regulator poppet valves and demand...

A contaminated water diving system (CWDS) protects a diver from exposure to water-borne toxic, volatile, corrosive, or microbial agents. This report followed up on a previous report that evaluated the ability of the Diving Systems, International (DSI, Santa Barbara, CA) contaminated water diving kit to prevent water aspiration into the MK 21 MOD 1...

This report addressed three issues regarding the performance of the MK 21 MOD 1 UBA during unmanned testing. First, the influence of oral-nasal (OIN) mask seal integrity on work of breathing (WOB) levels was characterized. WOB Levels were measured with the O/N mask in three configurations: (1) cemented directly to a test mannequin; (2) fitted to, b...

The requirement for a full face mask with the ability to switch between closed circuit and open circuit modes has evolved from changes in diver mission profiles and enhanced concern for diver safety in the SPECWAR and EOD communities. The EX 24 Full Face Mask (FFM) has been developed to this end. The EX 24 FFM is comprised of an AGA face mask with...

The feasibility of developing a portable neuropsychological assessment battery for employment throughout the fleet was examined. Neuropsychological performance data were collected from divers assigned permanently to NEDU, as well as TAD divers participating in experimental dives conducted at NEDU. The various tests used for collecting baseline perf...

locations of neural circuits which control separation distress vocalizations / summarize the organization of distress vocalization circuitry in the brains of guinea pigs and domestic chicks neurochemistry of vocalization control / opiate and non-opiate inhibition of DV [distress vocalization] circuitry / benzodiazepine influences on DVs / neuroch...

During the past decade, systematic methodologies have been developed for the experimental analysis of social play (Martin and Caro 1985; Meaney et al. 1985; Panksepp et al. 1984b; Thor and Holloway 1984a). For most of this century, play was considered a vacuous concept or a process of no great consequence for understanding brain organization of beh...

we will argue that specific systems of the brain, situated largely in subcortical areas, unconditionally generate a variety of somatic, behavioral, visceral, hormonal and psychic changes that characterize fear / [sketch] a preliminary functional model of the fear-executive system, highlighting its major presumed neural inputs and outputs relation...