Lori Ann Dolan

University of Iowa | UI · Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation

Study Design Prospective multicenter study data used for model derivation; externally-validated using retrospective cohort data. Objective Derive and validate a prognostic model of benefit from bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Summary of Background Data The Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Trial (BrAIST) demonstrated s...

Background: To present a patient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who developed a significant neurological deficit after posterior spinal fusion, in association with anemia on postoperative day two. Case report: A 14-year-old otherwise healthy female underwent a T3-L3 instrumented posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis which was un...

Purpose The Morbidity and Mortality (M&M) report of the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) has been collected since 1965 and since 1968 submission of complications has been required of all members. Since 2009, the SRS has collected information on death, blindness, and neurological deficit, with acute infection being added in 2012 and unintentional re...

Background: In recent years there has been a push towards developing free standing pediatric facilities to provide care specifically towards pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to determine if moving pediatric cases from a general hospital to a dedicated pediatric facility improved the quality and efficiency of surgical procedures....

The long-term prognosis of untreated idiopathic early onset scoliosis (I-EOS) is a progressive deformity and potentially life-threatening pulmonary compromise. The treatment goals for early onset scoliosis (EOS) patients (of any etiology) are clear: minimize the deformity and maximize pulmonary function, while minimizing complications, procedures,...

PurposeWhile the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) has established criteria for brace initiation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), there are no recommendations concerning other management issues. As the BrAIST study reinforced the utility of bracing, the SRS Non-Operative Management Committee decided to evaluate the consensus or discord in A...

The recently developed magnetically controlled growing rod (MCGR) system has gained popularity because it limits additional surgical lengthening procedures and promises reduction of the complication rate previously reported for the traditional growing rods. A retrospective single-center study was performed. Demographic and complications data were r...

Study designRetrospective.Objectives Utilize three-dimensional (3D) measurements to assess the relationship between thoracic scoliosis severity and thoracic kyphosis in a large, multicenter cohort, and determine impact of 3D measurements on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) curve classification.Summary of background dataResearch has demonstrate...

Background: Despite widespread use of single-stage open reduction and pelvic osteotomy for treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) after walking age, this aggressive strategy remains controversial. We directly compared dislocated hips treated with closed reduction (CR) to those treated with open reduction and Salter innominate osteot...

Study design: Comparative effectiveness study OBJECTIVE.: To evaluate factors leading to higher percentage of brace failures in a cohort of North American patients with AIS relative to their peers in Italy. Summary of background data: Studies of bracing in USA have shown worse outcomes than studies from European centers, possibly due to sample c...

Study designSurvey.Objectives Bracing is the mainstay of conservative treatment in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS). The purpose of this study was to establish best practice guidelines (BPG) among a multidisciplinary group of international bracing experts including surgeons, physiatrists, physical therapists, and orthotists utilizing formal co...

Study design: Prognostic study and validation using prospective clinical trial data. Objective: To derive and validate a model predicting curve progression to ≥45° before skeletal maturity in untreated patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Summary of background data: Studies have linked the natural history of AIS with characteri...

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been associated with unnecessary referrals, but the provider and patient costs associated with these referrals remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated costs of unnecessary referrals for AIS in a university hospital-based orthopaedic clinic. These...

Background Proximal femoral growth disturbance (PFGD) can be the most devastating complication of the treatment of development dysplasia of the hip. The reported incidence ranges from 0% to 73%. The condition involves varying degrees of growth disturbances of the femoral capital epiphysis, the physeal plate or both. Purpose This manuscript will di...

Background Proximal femoral growth disturbance (PFGD) can be the most devastating complication of the treatment of development dysplasia of the hip. The reported incidence ranges from 0% to 73%. The condition involves varying degrees of growth disturbances of the femoral capital epiphysis, the physeal plate or both. Purpose This manuscript will di...

Pemberton pericapsular osteotomy is a common procedure for a deficient acetabulum in patients with developmental hip dysplasia, that is the most common congenital deformity requiring surgical correction osteotomy in ordert to prevent early onset of secondary hip arthrosis. It is an incomplete osteotomy largerly used, as well as Dega and Salter oste...

This review summarizes evidence developed at the University of Iowa concerning the management and outcomes of developmental dysplasia of the hip beginning with the observations and analyses of Dr Arthur Steindler in the early 1900s. The strong evidence-based practice tradition established by Steindler 100 years ago continues as we critically evalua...

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neuromuscular disease commonly including progressive scoliosis resulting in severe deformity and negatively affecting pulmonary function. Surgical correction and stabilization of this progressive deformity is generally recommended; however, the timing and method of surgical fixation remain...

Background: Despite the high rate of initial success using the Ponseti method to manage idiopathic clubfoot deformity, relapse continues to be a problem. We surveyed the Pediatric Orthopedic Society of North America (POSNA) members about their experience with relapsed deformity following the initial correction of clubfeet. Methods: We created a...

Background: Clinical evidence regarding the ability of braces to decrease the risk of curve progression to surgical threshold in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) continues to strengthen. Unfortunately, there is still a great deal of uncertainty regarding the impact of brace wear on psychosocial well-being or the impact of psycho...

Objectives To investigate the relationship between obesity and distal radius fracture severity after low-energy trauma and to identify patient-specific risk factors predictive of increasing fracture severity. Design Retrospective review. Setting Level 1 Trauma Center. Patients/Participants Four hundred twenty-three adult subjects with a history...

We present a summary of our research into the natural history and treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This work has answered critical clinical questions and in aggregate has substantially contributed to the evidence base for the prognosis and treatment of AIS. Evidence-based practice has been defined by Straus and Sackett1 as the b...

Study design: The Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Trial (BrAIST) included skeletally immature high risk patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with moderate curve sizes (20- 40). BrAIST was a multicenter, controlled trial using both randomized and preference treatment arms into either an observation group or a brace treatme...

Background The role of bracing in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who are at risk for curve progression and eventual surgery is controversial. Methods We conducted a multicenter study that included patients with typical indications for bracing due to their age, skeletal immaturity, and degree of scoliosis. Both a randomized cohort and...

The "Gothic Arch" is a radio-graphic finding on AP pelvis x-rays postulated to be predictive of hip osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of measurement of the Gothic Arch in patients with no known hip pathology and patients with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). After obtaining IRB approval,...

Use of Computed Tomography (CT) to evaluate syndesmotic reduction following injury has significantly increased in recent years. The aim of this study was to compare existing clinical measurements of syndesmotic reduction to gold standard measurements of fibular motion obtained from a full 3D model. Three common clinical measures for assessing synde...

Study design: Descriptive. Objective: To describe the design and development of Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Trial (BrAIST). Summary of background data: Bracing has remained the standard of care for the nonoperative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis since the introduction of the Milwaukee brace in the late 1940s, but i...

Idiopathic clubfoot has a stubborn tendency for relapse, with most relapses happening within the first few years. However, a few patients relapse later, adding to the complexity of management. This study investigates the treatment results of relapsing clubfoot deformity after age 4. Thirty-nine patients (60 feet) met the inclusion criteria. Age at...

Retrospective case series. The objective of this study was to share our experience in the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), specifically the rate of revision surgeries and their indications. Minimizing AIS surgical morbidity includes prevention of short- and long-term complications that could require an unanticipated revi...

Identify educational needs of parents of children born with clubfoot and the role of healthcare providers throughout the treatment process. A qualitative study using interviews with 30 parents. All subjects were asked the same 12 questions regarding their perceptions and experiences. Common themes were identified from the data collected. The parent...

The purpose of this study is to assess the initial results of percutaneously reducing and fixing calcaneus fractures compared with a concurrent control group that was openly reduced and internally fixed through an extensile lateral approach. Retrospective cohort study, consecutive series. Level I trauma center. One hundred twenty patients with 125...

The purpose of this study was to analyze pre-operative and intra-operative factors that affect the outcome of shoulder arthroplasty. We undertook a retrospective review of all shoulder arthroplasties performed at our institution between 1986 and 2003. Patients were contacted and outcomes were assessed using the Simple Shoulder Test and the Western...

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Randomized controlled trials are powerful tools to evaluate the outcomes of clinical treatments. However, these trials tend to be expensive and time-consuming, and their conclusions can be threatened by several limitations. This study estimated the strength of three common limitations (underenrollment, selective enrollment, and nonadherence to prot...

Cavovarus foot deformity is common in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Multiple surgical reconstructive procedures have been described, but few authors have reported long-term results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of an algorithmic approach to reconstruction for the treatment of a cavovarus foot in these...

Requested project of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America Evidenced-Based Medicine Committee. The English literature was systematically reviewed for scientific evidence supporting or disputing the common practice of elective removal of implants in children. Several case series reported implant removal, but none contained a control gro...

There is a normal transition from the kyphotic alignment that is present in the spine of the newborn to the normal sagittal contours that are present in the adult spine. Although abnormal kyphosis at the thoracolumbar junction in infants is rare, it can result from congenital anomalies and bone dysplasias. We report the cases of seven otherwise nor...

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects 1-3% of children in the at-risk population of those aged 10-16 years. The aetiopathogensis of this disorder remains unknown, with misinformation about its natural history. Non-surgical treatments are aimed to reduce the number of operations by preventing curve progression. Although bracing and physiothe...

Type III growth disturbance (T3GD) following reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a relatively rare, but potentially devastating complication. This study evaluated the long-term outcomes of patients treated for DDH who developed a T3GD hip compared to those who didn't, with an emphasis on possible risk factors. A case-control d...

Because of the increased number of patients with neuromuscular scoliosis receiving intrathecal baclofen therapy, we report a clinical case of withdrawal. We hope to make physicians aware of this potentially serious complication where signs and symptoms may be difficult to interpret due to population characteristics.

Background: Providing the best treatment options and appropriate prognostic information to patients with cartilaginous neoplasms of long bones depends on distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. Correlative interpretation of imaging, histopathology, and clinical information is the current method for making this distinction, yet the reliabilit...

: Systematic review of clinical studies. : To develop a pooled estimate of the prevalence of surgery after observation and after brace treatment in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). : Critical analysis of the studies evaluating bracing in AIS yields limited evidence concerning the effect of TLSOs on curve progression, rate of sur...

To describe the relationship between pain-sensitive temperament and self-report of pain intensity following surgery. Fifty-nine adolescents and young adults (average age 14 years) undergoing spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis completed the Sensitivity Temperament Inventory for Pain-Child version (STIP-C). The Pearson correlation betw...

To determine if community equipoise exists concerning the effectiveness of bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Bracing is the standard of care for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis despite the lack of strong reasearch evidence concerning its effectiveness. Thus, some researchers support the idea of a randomized trial, whereas others think tha...

This paper evaluates the efficacy the Moss-Miami System instrumentation for surgical treatment of spinal deformity. Eight-five patients with AIS underwent a posterior spinal fusion with using this system between 1994 and 1998. Radiographs of the spine were taken preoperatively, at discharge, one year after surgery, and at the latest follow-up (aver...

Little substantive data is available in the literature on the long-term clinical and radiological results of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation (CDI) for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. We therefore retrospectively investigated the long-term clinical and radiographic outcome of patients who underwent (CDI) for right thoracic adolesc...

The optimal treatment for equinus of the ankle in ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy is not known. This study assessed the medium term follow-up results of treatment of spastic ankle equinus deformity in cerebral palsy using Hoke or coronal Z-lengthening of the Achilles tendon. It was hypothesized that the use of Achilles tendon lengthening (T...

In order to determine the potential for a computer-assisted program to allow accurate and reproducible measurements of joint surface defects, area measurements were repeated 10 times by three observers for two complex lesions of predetermined size. The results indicate that this system offers a significant improvement over the surgeon's freehand me...

The Ponseti method has demonstrated excellent results when performed at weekly intervals, but it is not known whether correction can be accomplished in a shorter amount of time. This study evaluated the success in correction in relation to time between casts (5 or 7 days). The authors retrospectively reviewed 230 patients (319 clubfeet). One hundre...

Untreated acetabular dysplasia following treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) leads to early degenerative joint disease. Clinicians must accurately and reliably recognise dysplasia in order to intervene appropriately with secondary acetabular or femoral procedures. This study sought early predictors of residual dysplasia in order...

Untreated acetabular dysplasia following treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) leads to early degenerative joint disease. Clinicians must accurately and reliably recognise dysplasia in order to intervene appropriately with secondary acetabular or femoral procedures. This study sought early predictors of residual dysplasia in order...

Retrospective chart review. To evaluate the efficacy of the Rosenberger thoracic lumbar sacral orthosis in preventing curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Radiographic outcomes of patients using the Rosenberger thoracic lumbar sacral orthosis have never been reported in the literature, but reports of other thoracic lumbar sacral or...

A fundamental goal of research in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) has been the identification of radiographic quantitative factors predictive of long-term outcome. The rapid development of digital imaging modalities opens the possibility for more systematic, automated measurement of radiographs. The authors have developed a software progra...

A fundamental goal of research in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) has been the identification of radiographic quantitative factors predictive of long-term outcome. The rapid development of digital imaging modalities opens the possibility for more systematic, automated measurement of radiographs. The authors have developed a software progra...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Ponseti method in reducing extensive corrective surgery rates for congenital idiopathic clubfoot. Consecutive case series were conducted from January 1991 through December 2001. A total of 157 patients (256 clubfeet) were evaluated. All patients were treated by serial manipulation and ca...

Consecutive series of patients with idiopathic scoliosis with atypical features. The purpose of this study is to define a specific yet sensitive set of signs and symptoms to indicate the use of MRI in patients with atypical idiopathic scoliosis. Specifically, this study empirically defines a new diagnostic test for the presence of neurogenic lesion...

A genetic study of patients with familial adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the evidence for linkage on chromosome 4q and determine whether mutations in the gene coding for melatonin receptor are present. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common spine deformity arising during childhood, but its cau...

Previous long-term studies of idiopathic scoliosis have included patients with other etiologies, leading to the erroneous conclusion that all types of idiopathic scoliosis inevitably end in disability. Late-onset idiopathic scoliosis (LIS) is a distinct entity with a unique natural history. To present the outcomes related to health and function in...

We compute the three-graviton tree amplitude in Type IIB superstring theory compactified to six dimensions using the manifestly (6d) supersymmetric Berkovits–Vafa–Witten worldsheet variables. We consider two cases of background geometry: the flat space example R6×K3, and the curved example AdS3×S3×K3 with Ramond flux, and compute the correlation fu...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of knowing chronologic age on the variability of pediatric bone age determination using the method of Greulich and Pyle. Radiographs of the left hand of 107 patients were interpreted by four radiologists on two separate occasions, once with and once without knowledge of the patient's chronolog...

Lateral growth disturbance of the capital femoral epiphysis is the most common type of physeal arrest complicating the treatment of developmental hip dysplasia. Although this type of physeal damage has been assumed to result in poor acetabular development, the natural history of dysplastic hips affected by this pattern of growth disturbance is stil...

In view of the recent interest in formulating a quantum theory of Ramond-Ramond p-forms, we exhibit an SL (10, { Z}) invariant partition function for the chiral four-form of Type IIB string theory on the ten-torus. We follow the strategy used to derive a modular invariant partition function for the chiral two-form of the M-theory five-brane. We als...

In order to study vertex operators for the Type IIB superstring on AdS space, we derive supersymmetric constraint equations for the vertex operators in AdS3× S3 backgrounds with Ramond-Ramond flux, using Berkovits-Vafa-Witten variables. These constraints are solved to compute the vertex operators and show that they satisfy the linearized D = 6, N =...

Researchers and clinicians commonly use the classification system of Stulberg et al. as a basis for treatment decisions during the active phase of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease because of its putative utility as a predictor of long-term outcome. It is generally assumed that this system has an acceptable degree of reliability. This assumption, however,...

We show how the gauge symmetry representations of the massless particle content of gauged supergravities that arise in the AdS/CFT correspondences can be derived from symmetric subgroups to be carried by string theory vertex operators, although explicit vertex operator constructions of the IIB string on AdS remain elusive. Our symmetry mechanism pa...

Symmetries of string theory are responsible for fundamental properties of nature. Non-abelian gauge symmetry and its affine Kac-Moody extension provide the origin of the four-dimensional interactions and their gauge bosons from ten or eleven-dimensional coordinate invariance. Supersymmetry provides tbe origin of fermions. Supersymmetry breaking wil...

We compute an invariant partition function for the chiral two-form of the M theory fivebrane compactified on the six-torus T6. From a manifestly invariant formalism, we prove that the partition function has an additional symmetry. The combination of these two symmetries ensures invariance. Thus, whether or not a fully covariant Lagrangian is availa...

The partition function of type IIA and B strings on , in the orbifold limit, is explicitly computed as a modular invariant sum over spin structures required by perturbative unitarity in order to extend the analysis to include type II strings on , where W4 is associated with the tube metric conformal field theory, given by the degrees of freedom tra...

For the closed superstring, spin fields and bi-spinor states are defined directly in four spacetime dimensions, in van der Waerden notation (dotted and undotted indices). Explicit operator product expansions are given, including those for the internal superconformal field theory, which are consistent with locality and BRST invariance for the string...

Psychosocial characteristics of 95 female patients treated with Milwaukee bracing for idiopathic scoliosis were examined using a battery of five psychosocial scales. Sixty-five patients treated with bracing alone and 30 patients who also underwent arthrodesis for curve progression were compared with 49 age-matched female controls. At an average fol...

We reviewed the long-term outcome of open reduction of ninety-three congenitally dislocated hips (in seventy-six children) through an anteromedial approach. The average age of the patients was fourteen months (range, two to fifty months) at the time of the reduction and eleven years (range, four to twenty-three years) at the time of the most recent...

We present a mechanism to construct four-dimensional charged massless Ramond states using the discrete states of a fivebrane Liouville internal conformal field theory. This conformal field theory has background charge, and admits an inner product which allows positive norm states. A connection among supergravity soliton solutions, Liouville conform...

One hundred and two (92 per cent) of 111 immature patients in whom idiopathic scoliosis had been treated with a Milwaukee brace were followed to determine the effectiveness of the brace in preventing progression of the scoliosis. The average time from cessation of bracing until the latest radiographs were made for the patients who were managed non-...

The role of Kac-Moody algebras in exploiting symmetries of particle physics and string theory is described.

Theories with conventional superstring spectra can be generalized by allowing non-vanishing vacuum expectation values (vevs) for all the fields in the low energy supergravity, rather than for only the metric tensor. The vevs are given by classical solutions of the supergravity field equations. These solutions can be elementary in that they carry on...

Gauge bosons in the Ramond-Ramond sector of four-dimensional models based on the superstring are analyzed. The normalization of degenerate bispinor vacuum states is compared with that of Neveu-Schwarz gauge bosons, an explicit k0 dependence is shown to be isolated when the polarization vectors are chosen to be in ϵ0 = 0 gauge; a spin decomposition...

A distinctive feature of string unification is the possibility of unification by a non-simply-laced group. This occurs most naturally in four-dimensional type-II string models where the gauge symmetry is realized by Kac-Moody algebras at different levels. We investigate the running coupling constants and the one-loop thresholds for such general mod...

Selection rules which restrict elementary particle interactions are derived as the low-energy limit of superstring theory. A general mechanism is demonstrated, in four-dimensional string tree-amplitudes, whereby the supersymmetric trilinear Yukawa-like couplings in the effective lagrangian which violate lepton number vanish, terms which otherwise o...

The 2-twisted bosonic conformal field theory associated with a d-dimensional momentum lattice Λ is constructed explicitly. A complete system of vertex operators (conformal fields) which describes this theory on the Riemann sphere is given and is demonstrated to form a mutually local set when d is a multiple of 8, Λ is even, and √2Λ∗ is also even. (...

From an even self-dual N-dimensional lattice, Λ, it is always possible to construct two (chiral) conformal field theories, an untwisted theory (Λ), and 2-twisted theory (Λ), constructed using the reflection twist. (N must be a multiple of 8 and the theories are modular invariant if it is a multiple of 24.) Similarly, from a doubly-even self-dual bi...

It is shown that the requirements of space-time factorization for vertices and one-loop modular invariance guarantee higher-loop modular invariance (as it is presently understood) in the context of string models built out of free fermion fields, either twisted or untwisted. The general solution satisfying these requirements is derived and their rel...