Loic Azoulai

• European University Institute

This article examines the general introduction to the vast and still impressive Integration through Law (ITL) series, which, if by the force of the title alone, has had a powerful impact on the development of EU studies. This introduction deals essentially with the following question: How does law operate in a non-legal context in order to produce...

The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has some basic structural features similar to that of most judicial bodies. According to the treaties, the members of the Court are chosen from individuals whose independence is beyond doubt and who possess the ability required for appointment to higher judicial offices. The involvement of the Court...

The case discussed here is the result of the actions of two individuals, EdwardSnowden and Maximilian Schrems. In 2013, Snowden exposed severalprograms, run by United States (US) intelligence agencies, capable ofcollecting, storing, and analysing personal data of both US citizens and otherson an unprecedented scale. These revelations severely shook...

Loneliness and Critique. The Future of European Legal Scholarship European legal studies are having a tough time. They traditionally found themselves in a role of support and consolidation of the integration process. They had the task of shaping a programme for Europe and of establishing a stable and resistant barrier against the risk of political...

French Abstract: Le droit de l’Union parle plusieurs langues, mais celle qui lui est la plus usuelle est la langue des droits subjectifs. La tendance du droit européen à produire des droits a un fonction de légitimation depuis les origines de la construction européenne. Ces droits donnent aux ressortissants des Etats membres la faculté de s’émancip...

“Public policy is an unruly horse to ride”.1. In the past the Court of Justice has striven to “tame” the wild horse in the context of the free movement of persons by striking a balance between the individual’s right to free movement and the legitimate prerogative of Member States to combat threats to public policy.The result of this compromise is n...

This paper is a collective endeavour to depart from the traditional view that a clear-cut separation of powers between the European Union and its Member States is one of the main features and one of the main safeguards of the European quasi-federalism. On the one hand, it is an effort to show the deep intertwining of EU and national powers in the a...

ECONOMIC CONSTITUTION AND EU CITIZENSHIP European Union Law is governed by the concept and the discourse on the Economic Constitution of Europe. A new reference has been introduced in the Lisbon Treaty to an area of Freedom, Security and Justice that the Union “shall offer to its citizens”. What are we to make of this reference ? Is Union Law adapt...

This paper addresses the problem of the integration of EU law into the national legal systems. By what title can EU law impose its norms on domestic legal orders, and so much so that the conditions in which the rule-making process is organized within the Member States are considerably affected? On what conditions can EU law be integrated? What cons...

This book discusses the future of the EU legal order by examining, from a variety of different perspectives, the most important judgments of the ECJ which established the foundations of the EU legal order. A distinguished line-up of contributors - drawn from among former and current members of the Court; scholars from other disciplines or lawyers f...

The reference to “social market economy” introduced in the Lisbon Treaty seems to fit with the political theory guiding the Court of Justice in its recent decisions in Viking and Laval . Through these judgments, the Court promotes the ideal of a European Community which integrates not only in economic but also in social terms. The article discusses...