Logu Thirumalaisamy

Swansea University | SWAN · Sustainable Product Engineering Centre for Innovative Functional Industrial Coatings "SPECIFIC"

Ammonia (NH3) vapour is considered as a hazardous volatile, which has the potential to cause health concerns in humans. Exposure to NH3 can lead to potentially fatal, severe burn injuries to human eyes, can cause encephalopathy, and also affects various physiological systems, including the liver, the kidneys and the immune system. Due to these prim...

Designing effective strategies for mitigating energy crisis highlights a research gap in current solar cell technologies. This study explores the inherent physicochemical properties of thin films composed of copper gallium sulfide telluride (CuGa1−xCrx(S,Te)2) with chromium substitution, prepared through the chemical spray pyrolysis technique. The...

The heterostructure WO3/BiVO4-based photoanodes have garnered significant interest for photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen. However, challenges such as inadequate charge separation and photocorrosion significantly hinder their performance, limiting overall solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency. The incorpor...

Pure as well as Mo-doped ZnO thin films were deposited on glass substrate using the chemical spray pyrolysis method. Doping with Mo was performed to tune the electrical and gas-sensing properties of ZnO at room temperature. The structure and purity of the films were confirmed from XRD analysis. Mo doping helped to change the morphology of ZnO from...

Pure and Co doped (1–5 wt%.) ZnO thin films were synthesised using the chemical spray pyrolysis method for the detection of acetaldehyde at 300 K. The gas sensing properties of these films were studied. The preferential orientation of the films along the c-axis stated its high crystalline nature. The responsiveness of the Co doped films switched to...

Trimethylamine [TMA] is highly toxic and can have lethal effects on living organisms. Detecting the presence of TMA in the air is very important because, if the TMA level exceeds...

In this paper, pure WO3 and molybdenum-incorporated WO3 were directly deposited in the form of thin films on the glass substrate. The films were deposited through the spray pyrolysis technique, and their gas sensing properties, structural, optical, electrical, and morphological properties were altered by adding a dopant to the pristine WO3. A direc...

Despite the high sensitivity and selectivity, the high operating temperature required for activation energy of tin oxide (SnO2) still stands as a drawback for SnO2 based gas sensors. In this work, the SnO2 thin films were deposited through spray pyrolysis and were subjected to gas sensing at 27 °C (room temperature) towards different gases. The fil...

As a well-explored chalcopyrite material, copper gallium sulfide CGS has been considered a potential material for solar cell absorber layers. However, its photovoltaic attributes still require to be improved. In this research, a novel chalcopyrite material, copper gallium sulfide telluride CGST, has been deposited and verified as a thin film absorb...

Over the last two decades, extensive study has been done on two-dimensional Molybdenum Sulphide (MoS2) due to its outstanding features in energy storage applications. Although MoS2 has a lot of active sulphur edges, the presence of inactive surfaces leads to limit conductivity and efficiency. Hence, in this article, we aimed to promote the addition...

The scaly-foot gastropod (Chrysomallon squamiferum), which lives in the deep-sea zone of oceans around thermal vents, has a black shell and scales on the foot. Both the black shell and scales contain iron sulfide minerals such as greigite (Fe3S4) and pyrite (FeS2). Although pyrite nanoparticles can be used as materials for solar panels, it is diffi...

The wide spreading of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a threat to human health and environmental air quality. Dimethylamine is a highly toxic amine, which can directly affect the human...

Framing effective mitigation steps to resolve the energy crisis directs to the research gap of existing solar cell technologies. The study utilizes the inherent physiochemical properties of Vanadium incorporated Copper...

In this work, a clear increase in electrical mobility and absorption coefficient has been demonstrated in spray pyrolysis-deposited CuInS2 (CIS) thin films by ruthenium (Ru) doping. This film was then employed as an efficient absorber layer in superstrate photovoltaic cells for the first time. Ru doping into the CIS tetragonal crystal structure inc...

Hierarchical MoO3@MoS2/rGO nanocomposites with highly active sites deliver high power density and energy density are fabricated here by using a simple two-step process, the first one is a direct anion-exchange reaction of the inorganic MoO3 nanorods (NRs) for growth of few-layered MoS2 nanosheets in a perpendicular direction and other is the compos...

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are versatile layered materials with potential applications ranging from optoelectronic devices to water splitting. Top-down fabrication methods such as exfoliation are not practical for a large-scale production of high-quality devices: a bottom-up approach such as sputtering, a low-temperature deposition me...

CuGaS2 (CGS) chalcopyrite semiconductor is a promising candidate for thin-film based photovoltaic devices due to its exceptional optical absorption coefficient and flexibility in tuning the optical bandgap. Unfortunately, though, desorption of sulfur (S) atoms during deposition of CGS thin films at elevated temperatures results in the formation of...

The structural, optical, and current–voltage characteristics including photosensitivity of copper zinc tin sulphide (Cu2ZnSnS4) thin films were modified significantly by the electronic excitations. These excitations were induced by swift heavy ion (SHI) beams of 100 –120 MeV of O, Ag, and Au. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm that the pristine and...

The indispensability and innovations in thin-film-based solar cells are gaining attention among researchers due to their tremendous growth as a sustainable energy source. The development of solar cells instigates in the 19th century after confirming usable electrical energy from sunlight. Currently, the solar cell holds a replaceable position in ma...

The impacts of electronic excitations with three different ion beams, namely Au, Ag, and O ions at 100–120 MeV and fluences of 5 × 10¹² ions/cm², on the structural, optical, morphological, and electrical properties of spray-deposited CuGaS2 (CGS) thin films have been investigated. Powder X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy measurements h...

We have theoretically and experimentally studied the tailoring of intermediate bands in the CuGa1-xFexS2 chalcopyrite system. An ab initio density functional theory calculations within GGA + U approach have been performed to model pristine and Fe-doped CuGaS2 to understand their structural and electronic properties and thereby understand the origin...

The synthesis of low-cost and high electrochemical activity to regenerate electrolyte and to enhance the efficiency (counter electrodes (CE)) is of paramount importance for the DSSCs. To achieve the maximum power conversion efficiency of DSSCs with the low-cost counter electrode (CE), Cu– (In, Co, Ni, Mn)–Se2 has prepared by hydrothermal method. Th...

CdTe and 1–5 wt% molybdenum-doped CdTe materials were prepared by ball milling method. Then the ball-milled samples were deposited on a glass substrate at room temperature by an electron beam evaporation method. The structural, optical, morphological, electrical, and photo-response properties of CdTe and Mo-doped CdTe (CdTe:Mo) samples were investi...

High quality undoped and molybdenum (Mo) doped CuGaS2 (CGS) crystalline thin films were deposited using in-house chemical spray pyrolysis thin film deposition unit. To improve the crystalline quality and prevent the oxidation, deposited thin films were subjected to annealing at various atmospheres (vacuum, nitrogen, and argon). The measured X-ray d...

Facile process for the fabrication of multi-layer graphene thin film (MLGF) is reported here. Multi-layer graphene dispersion prepared by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite was sprayed on a glass substrate by spray pyrolysis method. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the deposited MLGF are investigated. The sheets of graphene ar...

Cadmium oxide (CdO) thin film was optimized on glass substrate at 250 °C using a chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique followed by Al atoms doped into it with various wt% in order to study its influence on structural, electrical, optical, morphological and gas adsorption properties of the CdO thin films. All the films are deposited in polycrysta...

A new absorber material, ytterbium (Yb) doped CuInS2 semiconductor thin film, is firstly reported by this work for photovoltaic applications which was deposited by a simple, versatile and cost-effective chemical spray pyrolysis technique. The hold up of body centered tetragonal crystal phase along with high crystalline nature is noticed from XRD pa...

A new material, Ti doped CdO (Ti: CdO) semiconductor, is firstly reported by this work for electrochemical non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor applications which was deposited by a simple, versatile and cost-effective chemical spray pyrolysis method on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) substrate. In the basic studies, first, the withstanding o...

Pure and Ytterbium (Yb)doped Copper oxide (CuO)thin films with different wt% (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5)are deposited on glass substrates using chemical spray pyrolysis technique at 300 °C and their performances in heterojunction solar cell are examined here. The structural characterization reveals the monoclinic crystal structure and an increase in cry...

Copper oxide (CuO) thin film is a promising material used as a photo-absorber layer in solar cell application due to its narrow bandgap, low cost and high abundance. In this work, the CuO thin films have been prepared using various source materials such as Cu(NO3)2·3H2O, CuCl2·2H2O and Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O by chemical spray pyrolysis technique. The XRD...

Highly crystalline copper indium disulfide (CuInS2) nanospheres morphology thin film have been deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by a single step using an electrospray chemical aerosol deposition (ESCAD) technique. The structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties of the CuInS2 nanospheres thin film is highlighted...

ZnO thin film with flake-like surface morphology has been optimized by Al doping via the home-built chemical spray pyrolysis technique at substrate temperature 250 °C. Then, its performance as an anti-reflecting as well as highly transparent and conducting window layer in CuInS2 based solid-state solar cell is explored here. The solidstate properti...

Tailoring sub-bandgaps using intermediate states or bands with wide bandgap semiconductors is a promising and novel technique for the application in high efficiency solar cells. Pure and chromium (Cr) doped chalcopyrite CuGaS2 (CGS) thin films were prepared by facile chemical spray pyrolysis technique and annealed in vacuum, nitrogen and argon atmo...

The growth of one-dimensional (1D) zinc oxide (ZnO) nano/micro rod arrays (N/MRAs) thin films by using a facile, reproducible and cost effective method could be triggering nano/micro morphological structure based devices in the semiconductor technology. Therefore, in this work, the chemical bath deposition (CBD) and hydrothermal (HTM) methods have...

In this work, a high crystalline and mesoporous nanostructured cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin film was successfully grown on the FTO substrates using facile Electrospray Aerosol Deposition (ESAD) technique. The structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties of CdS thin film have been systematically examined. CdS thin film exhibits the hex...

High crystalline and non-toxic CuAlS2 thin films were successfully deposited on glass substrate by chemical spray pyrolysis method. The as-prepared sample was subjected to the sulphurization at 450 °C for 30 min. The structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of the as deposited and sulphurized films have been systematically analy...

The pure and Cu doped CdO thin films with various doping concentration (0.5 to 2 wt.%) have been deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis technique on amorphous glass substrates for hydrogen gas sensor application. The crystallinity, morphology, optical and electrical properties of the CdO thin films have been effectively modified by Cu doping. The Cd...

The pristine, cadmium (Cd) and vanadium (V) doped hierarchical architecture of copper indium disulphide, CuInS2 (CIS) microsphere thin films grown on spray coated seed layers by a wet-chemical method are demonstrated. First, the nano-flakes of self-assembled porous (NFSAP) - CIS microspheres have been optimized on a CIS seed layer by controlling th...

Pristine and vanadium (V) doped CuInS2 (CIS) thin films were grown on glass substrate using home-built chemical spray pyrolysis unit. The structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of pristine and V doped CIS thin films have been systematically inspected. The scanning electron and atomic force microscopic (SEM and AFM) images show...

ZnO nano/micro rod arrays (N/MRAs) thin films were grown on ZnO nuclei layer using chemical bath deposition technique via mixed degree of supersaturation. In the present work, the interface energy barrier introduced by Mn doping confine the nucleation site is decisively investigated. Hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of pure and Mn doped ZnO N/...

Undoped and Cu doped ZnO nano/microrod arrays (N/MRAs) films were grown on seeded glass substrates by chemical bath deposition technique. The structural and morphological characterizations (X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy) clearly illustrate that the pure ZnO N/MRAs has well-defined hexagonal prismatic cross-sectional crystallogr...

In this study, the modification induced by the variation of Cadmium (Cd) doping rate on the structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties of prepared CuInS2 (CIS) thin films have been investigated. Pristine and Cd doped CIS films have found to be polycrystalline in nature and possess body centered tetragonal crystal structure. The...

In this study, the modification induced by the variation of Cadmium (Cd) doping rate on the structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties of prepared CuInS2 (CIS) thin films have been investigated. Pristine and Cd doped CIS films have found to be polycrystalline in nature and possess body centered tetragonal crystal structure. The...

Sparse CuInS2 (CIS) microspheres were grown on CIS seed layer by a wet-chemical approach in which the nuclei layer was prepared by the chemical spray pyrolysis technique. Both layers have been found to be polycrystalline in nature and possess body centered tetragonal crystal structure. SEM and AFM analyses reveal that the CIS seed layer consists of...

Sparse CuInS 2 (CIS) microspheres were grown on CIS seed layer by a wet-chemical approach in which the nuclei layer was prepared by the chemical spray pyrolysis technique. Both layers have been found to be polycrystalline in nature and possess body centered tetragonal crystal structure. SEM and AFM analyses reveal that the CIS seed layer consists o...

In the present paper, influence of antimony (Sb) in CdSe thin films has been investigated. Pristine and Sb doped CdSe thin films have been deposited using homemade chemical spray pyrolysis unit. Both films have been found to be polycrystalline in nature and possess cubic sphalerite structure. Sb doped CdSe films have extended a red shift (52 nm red...

Transparent and conducting cadmium oxide (CdO) and manganese doped CdO (Mn: CdO) thin films were deposited using a low cost spray pyrolysis method on the glass substrate at 300 °C. For Mn doping, various concentrations of manganese acetate (1–3 wt%) was used in the spraying precursor solution. The structural, electrical and optical properties of Cd...

Cadmium selenide (CdSe) thin films were deposited on glass substrates at 200°C by homemade chemical spray pyrolysis technique. The as-deposited films were annealed in air atmosphere for 3 hrs, at two different temperatures (350 and 450°C). The as-deposited film has been observed to possess uniform surface with crystalline sphalerite cubic structure...