Literary Text Research

Allameh Tabataba'i University | ATU · Department of Persian Language and Literature

Memoirs are a means of knowing more about the events of contemporary Iranian history, and in the history of Persian literature, many poets and writers have always used many of this literary form to express their thoughts and ideas. Ali Esfandiari, also known as Nima Yushij, is one of the poets whose poems have been included in literary memoirs. Thi...

One of the most challenging subjects of Masnavi-e Ma'navi is the delay in the writing of the second Book. Most of the researchers, in following Aflaki, considered the death of Hessam al-Din's wife and the lack of motivation of Molavi as the most important factors of the delay. But some researchers doubted this not very reasonable factor and present...

In historical texts, one can find traces of historical characters who are close to the heroes of romances in terms of actions and personality traits. The authors of these texts have made every effort to show these events as real. One of these personalities is Jalal al-Din Khwarazmshah. 'Battle of Indus' has been narrated in the life of this hero in...

One of the most frequent themes in the field of mystical literature is the soul. In mystical works, the soul is described with various interpretations and titles, most of which are symbolic and mystified. This research seeks to find out what symbols Attar Neyshabouri used for the soul in his poetic works (Elahi¬nameh, Asrar¬nameh, Mantiq Al-Tair, P...

The relationship between literary texts and psychoanalysis was proposed in the 20th century with the help of Freud's theories, and after him, Carl Gustav Jung played a prominent role in this field and wrote important works about the reflection of people's emotions and thoughts in his creations. According to Jung, human thoughts are partly derived f...

The prose of Islamic mystical meetings in the fifth century has characteristics that distinguish them from other literary prose. Features that can be investigated in both verbal and spiritual fields. Due to the fact that most of the audience of mystical gatherings were from the middle class and the common people, the need to use some rhetorical cat...

For Nezami, speech and poetry are not only tools for conversation and creation of beauty, but have a place beyond that in the creation system. Therefore, in addition to creating outstanding literary works from an aesthetic point of view, he always seeks to explain the important issues of ontology and teach the fundamentals of thinking about the sys...

There are different methods for criticizing a work of art, which critics use to criticize and analyze works of art and literature. Until today, the criticisms focused mostly on the author's external world, the work itself, and the author's influence on the story. This research tries to examine the findings of psychological studies about the collect...

The reading of ancient Persian heritage, and especially historical narratives based on cognitive theories such as Text World Theory is necessary, because new scientific approaches provide space for accurate identification and discovery of the hidden layers of texts. In this study, with the analytic-descriptive method, we applied the Text World Theo...

Lyrical literature as one of the most widespread types of literature is presented in the context of the "literary and emotional" function of language and expresses the personal feelings and emotions of the "speaker". The purpose of this type of literature is to report and express the feelings of the speaker and at the same time, to please the audie...

According to Jung, the process of self-discovery or the process of individuality begins with a spiritual need or inner conflict in the person; in this process, organizing among archetypes is the task of the archetype of the "self" that if it can create unity and oneness among other archetypes, one will reach psychological growth and finally recogni...

The clothing system is one of the important systems that have a significant presence in literary texts. Molavi is one of the poets who were able to transform the system of language signs of clothing into literary signs. He creates new signs in the text of the story by using words and everyday signs of clothes. This research aims to investigate and...

War story is one of the important genres in contemporary Persian literature. One of the motives in these stories is referring to some aspects of Iranian and Arab nationalism. In this research, various aspects of this motive are studied. In this research, the ideological aspects of the representation of narrators of the stories about the Iran-Iraq w...

Cognitive linguistics considers linguistic knowledge as dependent on thought and cognition and introduces conceptual metaphor as a tool for how to think and linguistic behaviors. By examining it, similarities and differences of cultures can be obtained. Orientational metaphor is a form of conceptual metaphor in which abstract concepts are oriented...

Collocations in the literary texts, resulting from the poet and author's creativity in choosing proper words in the paradigmatic axis, along with the presentation of novel images create a pleasant meaning and word proportionality that is sometimes considered as the style of the poet or author. Thus, the study of Collocations in literary texts is an...

Masnavi format is usually used in composing long narrative poems and extensive topics due to the freedom in rhyme and line and the unlimited number of verses, and traditional rhetorical scholars have always referred to the length of Masnavi format poems. Nevertheless, there are very short Masnavi in Persian literature, the number of verses does not...

Functional linguistics, which originates from the Functional school, the author's abilities and creativity in using the spoken and written language system are examined and analyzed for the rhetorical system and other functions of the language. Theorists such as Martina, Jakobson, and Halliday have listed various functions for language. Among them,...

Among the famous and reliable corrections of Saadi's Bustan, including the corrected version of Professor Gholam Hossein Yousefi, despite many merits, there are some mistakes. Professor Yousefi's proofreading is important in the literary and academic community and is used and cited by professors and students as one of the main sources of Saadi's po...

In the middle of the twentieth century, the discourse of literary criticism was considered. The story of "Little Black Fish" (1347), for some reasons, including the type of text, its special structure, and the range of audiences has been faced with different interpretations. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method and based on the ap...

Inserting rhymes and poetry into Persian prose has a long history. Looking at the ancient prose texts, we can see that most of the writers after the birth of Persian poetry tended to this mixture; it is as if they were aware of the effect of poetry on the soul of the audience and the persuasion caused by it. Incentives based on literary and social-...

In the definitions of poetry, three elements of emotion, imagination, and music are mentioned. Persian prose texts have used more or less poetic elements in different periods. Sufi and mystical works, according to their goals and themes, have had a greater tendency towards poetic features, to the extent that understanding the subtleties of meaning...

Although it is supposed that Molana and Shams are in all consensuses, contemplation in their slants shows their disagreement in some subordination. One diverse is their slants about the mystical state and its different dimensions which causes this disagreement and its reply is because of the preference of mystical inebriation to observation by the...

Nasir Khusraw is one of the great and influential figures in the history, culture, and literature of Iran. But because of his political and ideological activity in the dominant religion, some have sometimes deliberately ignored him, and beyond that, some have sometimes insulted him the worst. Nevertheless, the Iranian literary friend taste has alwa...

Transformation in fictional narratives refers to the essential changes of human or inhuman characters by a supernatural force. The present article is intended to examine this essential transformation of characters in folk tales in light of Claude Bremond's narrative theory. In classifying the role of the character in narrative, Claude Bremond propo...

The study of Rumi's storytelling in the form of Masnavi has neglected the study of his narratives in other forms of poetry. In this article, through a descriptive-analytic method, we study the capacity of Rumi's storytelling in poems of Ghazal, Ruba'i, and Stanza. We found that although Persian poets had the most constraints in the field of poetry,...

The dominant approaches in the study and criticism of myths are often based on a kind of presupposition regarding the neutrality of the discourse. In the meanwhile, it is possible to provide a new understanding and reading of them by moving from such views and by removing myths from suspension and then binding them to power structures. On this basi...

One of the basic concepts in semantics is prepositions and conjunctions, and due to stylistic differences in the texts of different periods, they have undergone many changes and have been used with different meanings. Familiarity with the meanings of these letters and their various uses has an important role in the accessibility and eloquence of an...

Satire is a kind of literary discourse or sub-discourse because it uses a specific language for the purpose of criticism, protest, and indulgence. Critical discourse analysis is a trend in the field of discourse analysis in linguistic studies that deals with the relationship between language, power, and ideology in society. One of the famous models...

Parrot is a well-known bird in Persian poetry, and various features of it have been implicated to form literary themes and poetics. Scrutinizing literary works represents how Persian poets living in different geographical regions, knew the natural and biological features of parrots closely and utilized them to create literary images, similes, and r...

The land is often seen by many nations as a feminine element, reproductive and fertile, and plays an essential role in creation. Therefore, it has appeared in myths, beliefs, rituals, religions, and mystical styles. In mythology, the earth is maternal, the worshiped goddess, the nurturer of the creators, the breeder, the cleanser, the source sancti...

Existentialism means "authenticity of existence" or "primacy of being". The roots of this school of thought go back to the ideas of Soren Kierkegaard in the 1830s, although its backgrounds were already in use. The primacy of being on nature, responsibility, freedom, apprehension, choice, etc. are amongst the features of this school. In existentiali...

Literary works are sometimes the result of the domestication and creativity that have occurred when transferring the text from the foreign semiotic system to the domestic system. Although Farokhzad's poem Let Us Believe in the Beginning of the Cold Season was inspired by Eliot's Wasteland, each of these two literary works is unique in its own way....

Climate Literature is a type of literature that is an outcome of climatic and geographical conditions. Climate Literature, in Iran, contains a number of branches including the Climate Literature of the South (The School of Khouzestan), the Climate Literature of the North (The School of Gilan), Isfahan's Climate Literature (The School of Isfahan), K...

Nima Yooshij's theories about poetry and poet are in his previously published collections and the process of his poetic developments can be drawn from them; moreover, there are many other poems of Nima Yooshij in the last two books, which are very important in the analysis of his poetic developments. In the current research, we have examined these...

The aim of the present study is the stylistic investigation of prepositions in Khaqani's qasidas. Prepositions with their vast semantic range are among the influencing language constructs that give identity to other language elements including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. To deal with different meanings of prepositions in different constr...

Metaphor is a concept of the fundamental categories of cognitive linguistics. A language category that is not just about words, and sublime cognition. Given that the mode of movement and the path of excellence in mystical teachings is in the language of the code. And mysticism is the artistic realm of language, meaning a system of allusions and sin...

Gadamer evaluates Nietzsche's perception of the horizon as it is not possible to go beyond that. In the Masnavi, tales such as "Discrepancies in the Shape of the Cell", and the story of "Johee, and that Child who Sang a Monody before his Father's Corpse", are examples of the realization of the horizon in Nietzsche's notion of it. Because in these a...

The flow of mystical poetry flourished after the emergence of prominent poets, especially Rumi, and also after the Mongol invasion. One of the famous poets is Qasim Anwar, who was famous during his lifetime. The multiplicity of manuscripts available from his divan confirms this to some extent. In this article, we examined the effectiveness of the p...

After the spread of rationalism and rationality in the Renaissance, the importance of the concepts of poetry and poeticism in various literary works decreased day by day and any irrationality and "madness" was confined within the sanatoriums. Desperate for the results of western rationalism, modern writers tended to look at the semantic, subjective...

Nefrin-e Zamin" (The Cursing of the Land) is one of the important works of the social sciences in the1960s. The present study examines this book from the perspective of critical discourse analysis (CDA) based on the exclusion components in Van Leeuwen's model. The purpose of this study is to show how social and intellectual views are linked to disc...

Critical discourse analysis is one of the effective theories for analyzing the hidden layers of language and discourse. One of the main components for expressing the discourse goals is power. A famous theorist in the field of critical discourse analysis is Norman Fairclough who believes that power has an effect on social relations and discourse. In...

Maulana in Mathnawi seeks to create motivation and enthusiasm for life with spirituality. He seeks to remove the barriers to the pursuit of spirituality in front of the seeker. Enduring suffering, responsibility, true love, and a firm belief in God are the fundamental foundations of spirituality. His mystical view is in line with Victor Frankel's s...

The language, religion, art, tradition, politics, and customs of a society and its individuals separate it from other societies and give them an independent identity. With this view, it will be a valuable work that can show the individual, collective and national aspects of people's identity and make them and others aware of the good and bad of the...

One of the methods of the fictional literature critique is to examine the story's position on the basis of its narrative. Each fictional situation includes three aspects of "person, state, and vision." Investigating the features and analyzing the angle of vision and storytelling to understand how the narrator's "time, spatial, and psychological" vi...

The present article examines the concept of "Wilayat" in the works of Iraqi and al-Nabulsi, as one of the important elements of Islamic mysticism and Sufism, and the purpose of comparing their votes is to express their similarities and differences.

Mehdi Akhavan Sales is a famous contemporary poet who has experimented with various forms of poetry. His idealistic and narcissistic personality has special and worthy dimensions. The research answers the question of whether narcissism has had a significant effect on the quality and quantity of Akhavan's illustrations? In the present article, the p...

Studies on historical novels due to not paying attention to the origin of the text and parallel discourses consider the historical novel as the nostalgic return of Iranian society to the myth of the Golden Age and it has been explained with macro-narratives and concepts such as nationalism. This article has been done based on Damgostran and by the...

This research tries to answer the question in a descriptive-analytical way whether the patterns of female speech in the textual context of Shiva Arastouei's novels "Fear" and "Neyna" correspond to the model of Robin Lakoff (DSL1975). Or are the patterns presented in these works in conflict with the pattern considered in the DSL approach? In this st...

In the process of Islamization after the 7 th century, Iranian native ancestral conception and historical identity were severely eroded and interfered by foreign ideas. Under the background of the boom of New Persian language and literature, some Iranian literati assumed the mission of being the bearers of cultural memory. Collected and compiled on...

In Shahnameh, there are superheroes who are separated from the human context of the narratives and are placed on higher levels, but their common features and selfishness connect them to each other and to the body of the narrative. In this research, the structures of Gilbert Doran's imagination system have been used to identify Shahnameh superheroes...

The Philosophy Program for Children or Fabak, known worldwide by the acronym (P4C) to improve children's thinking, was presented in 1962 by Lipman, who is a professor at Columbia University. With regard to the components of philosophy for the child and the three literary, intellectual, and psychological competencies, there can be found anecdotes in...

One of the motifs in Iranian epic stories is the presence of mythological heroes and characters. Water goddesses and other goddesses are mythological figures that manifest in the form of well-known women in epics. Carefully examining the epic-heroic long story of Samak-e Ayyar, one can notice the function of such a belief in a female character in t...

From the 4th to the 8th century A.H. in the Fars Region, eight manuscripts were written, translated, or selected in Persian and Arabic. Due to the many similarities between these works, after Sirat ibn Khafif it is very likely that the later writers were influenced by Abu al-Hassan Dailami's writings on Sheikh Kabir Shiraz ibn Khafif. Arabic and th...

The influence of theology and verbal thoughts in Persian literature is an undeniable issue, so we can observe the majority of verbal subjects in mystical works. In this study, we consider verbal scopes of Attar in his Masnavi including verbal theism and belief in behavioral determinism and wisdom dysfunction. In the conception of narrative virtue,...

In Islamic mysticism as well as in mystical literature, the concept of "safe position" is sometimes spoken of. This study seeks to investigate what a "safe position" is in mystical texts. In the path of the emergence of creation, everything that has been created has a secure position, which is what has been established for it at the same time as it...

This study is related to those narratives of Mathnawi which contain therapeutic points. For this purpose, the authors discovered the therapeutic and medical motifs from all Mathnawi narratives. These statements are like a medic's prescription, regardless of the narrator's name. This study showed that Rumi was familiar with medical concepts and used...

Artist's novel is one of the major and nearly independent subtypes of the bildungsroman novel and a product of the genre's development and modifications. The present research aims to introduce the novel's features by focusing on the structural elements of an English novel, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce and You're No Strange...

Psychological critique of personality is one of the new researches in the field of storytelling. Ahmad Mahmood (1310-1381) in the novel "The Fig Tree of Temples" by addressing new writing styles including 1-Anti-heroic description 2-Difference in characterization 3-Flow of mind-body 4-Uncertainty 5-Smooth Reality and imagination, and the descriptio...

Poetic forms play an essential role in the division of Persian poetry. Most of the definitions of these forms refer to its form, and since in the sixth century some themes are expanding, and the form of lyric poetry has also become popular. In the works of poets such as Sanai and Khaghani, who are both poets and lyricists, the issue of classifying...

Metaphor is one of the most important tools for transferring language from its real usage. On the other hand, today metaphor in the west is no longer specific to poetry and literature and tool for adoring the word; rather, metaphors have entered the realm of thought and cognitions and have been used from different perspectives in many sciences. In...

The translation of the novel "The Adventures of Hajji Baba Isfahani" is a turning point in the history of Persian prose literature and the history of translation into Persian; much research has been done on this novel. Ambiguities about this novel and its Persian translation have been raised and investigated, including whether the original text was...

Farzand-nameh is one of the most important and ancient genres of didactic literature that parents have written with the aim of teaching science and religious and moral education to their children. Advice is the most important part of this Literary genre. Because the audience of this literary genre is mostly young people-and young nature tends to be...

Ecological critique is the study of the relationship between literature and the natural world, the origins of which are the emergence of new ideas in anthropology and environmental issues that humanist discourses play an important role in their emergence. In the story of Moniru Ravanipour's Ahle Ghargh, the relationships of the characters such as K...

The tone is the speaker's attitude and feeling The most important factor is to create an atmosphere and influence the audience in the poem. Knowing the language and its tone plays an important role in understanding any text. The language and tone of the epic are the results of the choice of words, combinations, imagery, novelty, and the choice of w...

One of the main axioms of eccentric criticism is the examination of the interrelationship between humans and the environment. This type of criticism seeks to understand how human attitudes to nature and how environmental issues are reflected in literary works and to analyze the impact that human beings have on nature and the physical and psychologi...

Although it is the birthplace of Latin American magical realism and the writers of this region have contributed to its globalization with their works of fiction, some thinkers in the field of literature believe that this method is not unique to this region of the world and its roots can be traced back to eastern literature, especially mystical text...

Translation research and criticism can be considered a branch of text research. The present study deals with the overtly erroneous errors detected in the two English translations of a Persian novel. Based on the findings, the challenging lexical items for the two translators did not belong to the same categories. Since the non-native translator had...

One of the important tools that the author of educational literature uses to explain and interpret moral and mystical ideas and to convey his content to the audience is allegory. In the allegory of the writer and poet, he first expresses general and abstract concepts, which are often rational and news-type, and then gives a literary example and rea...

Lyric includes a wide range of subjects and poetic formats. Specifically, it is a type of poem in which the element of emotion is dominant and naturally it has some components that have made it different from other types. In the present study, the author investigated the indicators of lyrics in the story of Homay and Homayoun by Khaju Kermani and t...

Verbal discourse of the modern prose is formed by interconnected structure from a conscious mind in a way that the play of the signs in the text along with the personal mentality and memory of the character can become so fluid and elusive that ambiguity becomes a particular component of modern narrative. But semiotic layers with a detailed and syst...

Mirzadeh Eshghi is one of the poets of the Constitutional period whose views and opinions are very important in the political and social developments of the Constitutional period. With the aim of identifying the concepts and components of love modernism, the present study intends to answer this main question: What is the pattern of modernism in Mir...

Story code analysis means to have a focus on signs which contribute to revealing the secondary meanings with a structured methodology. The main problem is to understand how signs with synergic cooperation in the context of short stories avoid text from unilaterality and lead to a plurality of meaning by engaging audiences through referential codes....

These two books Anisatolibin and Maqamat-e-Naqshband are among the oldest and most important sources about Baha' al-Din Naqshband (718-791) and his principles. More resources about Baha' al-Din Naqshband are often taken from Anis at Talibin book and many of the Maqamat's topics are shared by Anis at Talibin. In this article, Baha' al-Din and his pr...

Creativity' in comparative literature is the difference between imitating and being influenced, and the creative author is said to be inspired by the others' work, and nurture what they borrowed from another in the social and cultural construction of their society in a new way. The similarity in layout and plot of these two novels "Shohare Ahoo Kha...

The purpose of this study is to examine the metaphors of surrealist-style novels from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. In which of the following are the most common areas of origin and destination of surreal metaphors? And what are the metaphors of surreal works in terms of objectivity and origin? The novels selected in this study were sur...

Resālat al-Abrāj is one of Suhrawardi's symbolic stories in Arabic, full of symbols and metaphors asking for a return to the original homeland. Nevertheless, which roles do these symbols and metaphors play in understanding the text, and how should they be interpreted? Paul Ricoeur, one of the contemporary hermeneutics philosophers, considers symbol...

The actions and thoughts of the hero of the epic represent the aspirations and characteristics of a nation. For this reason, recognizing the characteristics of the epic hero is especially important in realizing his role in creating epic content, because the epic poet tries to emphasize the effective elements in creating the epic content by using th...

Panegyric poem is a kind of poem that is written to praise a person and the poet with transcendental characteristics. Such a poem is one of the old Persian poems. Studies about it focused on content studies and not language studies. So, in this research, by a focus on the syntax layer, as a language layer, the language factors are checked to find t...

Halliday's systemic functional theory is a social look at a language which is interwoven with three metafunctional processes. Studying literary texts from linguistic aspects, such as ideational function is one of the new research approaches which improve a better and deeper understanding of hidden layers of texts. One of the modern Arabic and Persi...

One of the important approaches in the mythological studies of literary texts is Northrop Frye's Theories. The present study investigates the story of Rostam and Sohrab in Shahnameh by using Frye's proposed model and by a descriptive-analytical method. The method of information gathering is the libraries method. Studies show that the presence of el...

The use of "allegory" and "symbols" to better understand the concepts, particularly abstract and rational concepts, is one of the ways in which children's literature is very important and it can be examined from multiple views one of which is semiotic structure or meaning of the symbols that can open the way to new issues in literature. Therefore,...

Rudaki is one of the poets whose poetry collection has not been found and the existing poems attributed to him have been collected from various sources such as biographies, dictionaries, rhetorical and historical books. Nafisi studied the cited resources and collected the attributed poems to Rudaki and published them which were taken as the basis f...

Aghraz Al-Seyasah Fi A'araz Al-Reyasah, authored by Zahiry Samarghandy has become one of the excellent and outstanding old prose texts, because of containing technical, political, social, philosophical, didactic, and ethical teachings and addressing governance practices. These practical and miscellaneous teachings have led to frequent transcription...

In each of his works, Abbas Maroufi has considered the social, political, and historical conditions of the society by considering one of the social classes, and through this, he has challenged the situation of the society with a critical point of view combined with humor and elaboration. The "intellectual" class, women "victims and surrender" and "...

Although we have access to a number of critical editions of Attār's works, there still remain some problematic and ambiguous points in his works that cannot be clarified merely based on the codicological details. To elucidate such matters, it is indispensable to analyze closely the different aspects of Attār's style based on the authentic documents...

In the historical culture of Iran, narration means lecturing and giving an account of any story in its broad sense. Story research pays attention to the presence of the narrator, as a human factor, in the transfer of the story, but does not examine the signs of his presence, extent of his possession, or adherence to resources in a methodical and ac...

A sentence can structurally be used in three forms: declarative, interrogative, and imperative. Semantically, each type may have different meanings in various contexts. The discussion of secondary or multiple meanings of a sentence has long been considered by rhetoricians, especially in the field of semantics. The secondary meanings of the above th...

Metaphor is one of the devices and elements which has been used for conveying and objectifying the great human concepts in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh as an excellent, mythical, and heroic work. Accordingly, the structural nature of the stories of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh has been represented as a metaphorical narrative. There are various characters in Shahna...

The most dominant theme of the richest works on mysticism is perceptive imagery which has its origin in mythology and philosophy. Given their intrinsic link to the meanings and concepts, images are considered as the intellectual life of the writer and the poet. They attempt to create images depending on their own mental and intellectual capacity as...

This article is organized with a linguistic approach to the prominent texts of past and contemporary Persian literature and with the aim of recognizing the compound word (morakkab-e atfi) from the coordinating phrase, and representing its lexical structure. First, the words of both sides of the conjunction ‫"و"‬ (and) were examined, and those that...

Cloudy Years" novel by Ali-Ashraf Darvishian written in 4 volumes and 1622 pages and its events contain about 33 years of hero-narrator's life. In the article, the speed of passing the story events through the author's narrative is measured on the basis of Gerard Genette's opinions. Genette utilizes order, duration, and frequency categories to meas...

Bidel Dehlavi's poetry is complex, difficult, and mysterious whose deep philosophical and mystical thoughts, as well as his special look at the world, are the factors of the semantic complexity of his poetry. In Biddle's poetry, some words are very frequent; one of these words is the concept of "being," which has a special place in his poetry and u...

The novel is a plot of life that narrates a period of time and the culture of the society in a narrative way, describing the passages and difficulties of life by situating characters and events. This description is accompanied by a presentation of the life plan. Women as part of society, life, and culture have contributed to the development of the...

In analyzing epic texts, one encounters the special presence of some animals in the development of the epic genre, this presence is at times positive and totemic, and at others negative and evil. Like the wolf which in a number of world myths and epics has positive functions, but not so in others. In Shahname as well, the appearance of the wolf is...

The present study deals with the investigation of the time theme in the images existing in the Arash Kamangir (Arash Bowman) epic epopee written by Siavash Kasraei. The research is based on Gilbert Durand's theory. Durand divides the images into daily and night epopees by the images classification. Some parts of the images and symbols show the fear...

In stylistics books (and some articles and margins of texts) usually, the linguistic coordinates of ancient Persian texts are discussed in a separate section. In this section, researchers have tried to explain the salient morphological, syntactic, and phonetic features of the texts. But in some cases, because the Pahlavi texts (Persian texts are th...

This idea that the poetry and poetic style of preceding poets was disregarded in the Safavid period and only the poets of Regression School started this movement in order to promote the Iranian literature seems to be void of truth and precision when we explore literary tazkirehs and manuscripts of this era, particularly the divans of the tenth and...

It could be said that Nezami's Haft Peikar is a book about the unity of Hero and his holy joining to his Anima which leads to a sort of self-awareness according to a variety of symbols or meaningful metaphors. The appearance of collective unconscious archetypes of this book put it in an aura of ambiguity that cannot be understood unless by psycholo...