Literary Text Research

Allameh Tabataba'i University | ATU · Department of Persian Language and Literature

The aim of the present study is the stylistic investigation of prepositions in Khaqani's qasidas. Prepositions with their vast semantic range are among the influencing language constructs that give identity to other language elements including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. To deal with different meanings of prepositions in different constr...

Metaphor is a concept of the fundamental categories of cognitive linguistics. A language category that is not just about words, and sublime cognition. Given that the mode of movement and the path of excellence in mystical teachings is in the language of the code. And mysticism is the artistic realm of language, meaning a system of allusions and sin...

Gadamer evaluates Nietzsche's perception of the horizon as it is not possible to go beyond that. In the Masnavi, tales such as "Discrepancies in the Shape of the Cell", and the story of "Johee, and that Child who Sang a Monody before his Father's Corpse", are examples of the realization of the horizon in Nietzsche's notion of it. Because in these a...

The flow of mystical poetry flourished after the emergence of prominent poets, especially Rumi, and also after the Mongol invasion. One of the famous poets is Qasim Anwar, who was famous during his lifetime. The multiplicity of manuscripts available from his divan confirms this to some extent. In this article, we examined the effectiveness of the p...

After the spread of rationalism and rationality in the Renaissance, the importance of the concepts of poetry and poeticism in various literary works decreased day by day and any irrationality and "madness" was confined within the sanatoriums. Desperate for the results of western rationalism, modern writers tended to look at the semantic, subjective...

Nefrin-e Zamin" (The Cursing of the Land) is one of the important works of the social sciences in the1960s. The present study examines this book from the perspective of critical discourse analysis (CDA) based on the exclusion components in Van Leeuwen's model. The purpose of this study is to show how social and intellectual views are linked to disc...

Critical discourse analysis is one of the effective theories for analyzing the hidden layers of language and discourse. One of the main components for expressing the discourse goals is power. A famous theorist in the field of critical discourse analysis is Norman Fairclough who believes that power has an effect on social relations and discourse. In...

Maulana in Mathnawi seeks to create motivation and enthusiasm for life with spirituality. He seeks to remove the barriers to the pursuit of spirituality in front of the seeker. Enduring suffering, responsibility, true love, and a firm belief in God are the fundamental foundations of spirituality. His mystical view is in line with Victor Frankel's s...

The language, religion, art, tradition, politics, and customs of a society and its individuals separate it from other societies and give them an independent identity. With this view, it will be a valuable work that can show the individual, collective and national aspects of people's identity and make them and others aware of the good and bad of the...

One of the methods of the fictional literature critique is to examine the story's position on the basis of its narrative. Each fictional situation includes three aspects of "person, state, and vision." Investigating the features and analyzing the angle of vision and storytelling to understand how the narrator's "time, spatial, and psychological" vi...

The present article examines the concept of "Wilayat" in the works of Iraqi and al-Nabulsi, as one of the important elements of Islamic mysticism and Sufism, and the purpose of comparing their votes is to express their similarities and differences.

Mehdi Akhavan Sales is a famous contemporary poet who has experimented with various forms of poetry. His idealistic and narcissistic personality has special and worthy dimensions. The research answers the question of whether narcissism has had a significant effect on the quality and quantity of Akhavan's illustrations? In the present article, the p...

Studies on historical novels due to not paying attention to the origin of the text and parallel discourses consider the historical novel as the nostalgic return of Iranian society to the myth of the Golden Age and it has been explained with macro-narratives and concepts such as nationalism. This article has been done based on Damgostran and by the...

This research tries to answer the question in a descriptive-analytical way whether the patterns of female speech in the textual context of Shiva Arastouei's novels "Fear" and "Neyna" correspond to the model of Robin Lakoff (DSL1975). Or are the patterns presented in these works in conflict with the pattern considered in the DSL approach? In this st...

In the process of Islamization after the 7 th century, Iranian native ancestral conception and historical identity were severely eroded and interfered by foreign ideas. Under the background of the boom of New Persian language and literature, some Iranian literati assumed the mission of being the bearers of cultural memory. Collected and compiled on...

In Shahnameh, there are superheroes who are separated from the human context of the narratives and are placed on higher levels, but their common features and selfishness connect them to each other and to the body of the narrative. In this research, the structures of Gilbert Doran's imagination system have been used to identify Shahnameh superheroes...

The Philosophy Program for Children or Fabak, known worldwide by the acronym (P4C) to improve children's thinking, was presented in 1962 by Lipman, who is a professor at Columbia University. With regard to the components of philosophy for the child and the three literary, intellectual, and psychological competencies, there can be found anecdotes in...

One of the motifs in Iranian epic stories is the presence of mythological heroes and characters. Water goddesses and other goddesses are mythological figures that manifest in the form of well-known women in epics. Carefully examining the epic-heroic long story of Samak-e Ayyar, one can notice the function of such a belief in a female character in t...

From the 4th to the 8th century A.H. in the Fars Region, eight manuscripts were written, translated, or selected in Persian and Arabic. Due to the many similarities between these works, after Sirat ibn Khafif it is very likely that the later writers were influenced by Abu al-Hassan Dailami's writings on Sheikh Kabir Shiraz ibn Khafif. Arabic and th...

The influence of theology and verbal thoughts in Persian literature is an undeniable issue, so we can observe the majority of verbal subjects in mystical works. In this study, we consider verbal scopes of Attar in his Masnavi including verbal theism and belief in behavioral determinism and wisdom dysfunction. In the conception of narrative virtue,...

In Islamic mysticism as well as in mystical literature, the concept of "safe position" is sometimes spoken of. This study seeks to investigate what a "safe position" is in mystical texts. In the path of the emergence of creation, everything that has been created has a secure position, which is what has been established for it at the same time as it...

This study is related to those narratives of Mathnawi which contain therapeutic points. For this purpose, the authors discovered the therapeutic and medical motifs from all Mathnawi narratives. These statements are like a medic's prescription, regardless of the narrator's name. This study showed that Rumi was familiar with medical concepts and used...

Artist's novel is one of the major and nearly independent subtypes of the bildungsroman novel and a product of the genre's development and modifications. The present research aims to introduce the novel's features by focusing on the structural elements of an English novel, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce and You're No Strange...

Psychological critique of personality is one of the new researches in the field of storytelling. Ahmad Mahmood (1310-1381) in the novel "The Fig Tree of Temples" by addressing new writing styles including 1-Anti-heroic description 2-Difference in characterization 3-Flow of mind-body 4-Uncertainty 5-Smooth Reality and imagination, and the descriptio...

Poetic forms play an essential role in the division of Persian poetry. Most of the definitions of these forms refer to its form, and since in the sixth century some themes are expanding, and the form of lyric poetry has also become popular. In the works of poets such as Sanai and Khaghani, who are both poets and lyricists, the issue of classifying...

Metaphor is one of the most important tools for transferring language from its real usage. On the other hand, today metaphor in the west is no longer specific to poetry and literature and tool for adoring the word; rather, metaphors have entered the realm of thought and cognitions and have been used from different perspectives in many sciences. In...

The translation of the novel "The Adventures of Hajji Baba Isfahani" is a turning point in the history of Persian prose literature and the history of translation into Persian; much research has been done on this novel. Ambiguities about this novel and its Persian translation have been raised and investigated, including whether the original text was...

Farzand-nameh is one of the most important and ancient genres of didactic literature that parents have written with the aim of teaching science and religious and moral education to their children. Advice is the most important part of this Literary genre. Because the audience of this literary genre is mostly young people-and young nature tends to be...

Ecological critique is the study of the relationship between literature and the natural world, the origins of which are the emergence of new ideas in anthropology and environmental issues that humanist discourses play an important role in their emergence. In the story of Moniru Ravanipour's Ahle Ghargh, the relationships of the characters such as K...

The tone is the speaker's attitude and feeling The most important factor is to create an atmosphere and influence the audience in the poem. Knowing the language and its tone plays an important role in understanding any text. The language and tone of the epic are the results of the choice of words, combinations, imagery, novelty, and the choice of w...

One of the main axioms of eccentric criticism is the examination of the interrelationship between humans and the environment. This type of criticism seeks to understand how human attitudes to nature and how environmental issues are reflected in literary works and to analyze the impact that human beings have on nature and the physical and psychologi...

Although it is the birthplace of Latin American magical realism and the writers of this region have contributed to its globalization with their works of fiction, some thinkers in the field of literature believe that this method is not unique to this region of the world and its roots can be traced back to eastern literature, especially mystical text...

Translation research and criticism can be considered a branch of text research. The present study deals with the overtly erroneous errors detected in the two English translations of a Persian novel. Based on the findings, the challenging lexical items for the two translators did not belong to the same categories. Since the non-native translator had...

One of the important tools that the author of educational literature uses to explain and interpret moral and mystical ideas and to convey his content to the audience is allegory. In the allegory of the writer and poet, he first expresses general and abstract concepts, which are often rational and news-type, and then gives a literary example and rea...

Lyric includes a wide range of subjects and poetic formats. Specifically, it is a type of poem in which the element of emotion is dominant and naturally it has some components that have made it different from other types. In the present study, the author investigated the indicators of lyrics in the story of Homay and Homayoun by Khaju Kermani and t...

Verbal discourse of the modern prose is formed by interconnected structure from a conscious mind in a way that the play of the signs in the text along with the personal mentality and memory of the character can become so fluid and elusive that ambiguity becomes a particular component of modern narrative. But semiotic layers with a detailed and syst...

Mirzadeh Eshghi is one of the poets of the Constitutional period whose views and opinions are very important in the political and social developments of the Constitutional period. With the aim of identifying the concepts and components of love modernism, the present study intends to answer this main question: What is the pattern of modernism in Mir...

Story code analysis means to have a focus on signs which contribute to revealing the secondary meanings with a structured methodology. The main problem is to understand how signs with synergic cooperation in the context of short stories avoid text from unilaterality and lead to a plurality of meaning by engaging audiences through referential codes....

These two books Anisatolibin and Maqamat-e-Naqshband are among the oldest and most important sources about Baha' al-Din Naqshband (718-791) and his principles. More resources about Baha' al-Din Naqshband are often taken from Anis at Talibin book and many of the Maqamat's topics are shared by Anis at Talibin. In this article, Baha' al-Din and his pr...

Creativity' in comparative literature is the difference between imitating and being influenced, and the creative author is said to be inspired by the others' work, and nurture what they borrowed from another in the social and cultural construction of their society in a new way. The similarity in layout and plot of these two novels "Shohare Ahoo Kha...

The purpose of this study is to examine the metaphors of surrealist-style novels from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. In which of the following are the most common areas of origin and destination of surreal metaphors? And what are the metaphors of surreal works in terms of objectivity and origin? The novels selected in this study were sur...

Resālat al-Abrāj is one of Suhrawardi's symbolic stories in Arabic, full of symbols and metaphors asking for a return to the original homeland. Nevertheless, which roles do these symbols and metaphors play in understanding the text, and how should they be interpreted? Paul Ricoeur, one of the contemporary hermeneutics philosophers, considers symbol...

The actions and thoughts of the hero of the epic represent the aspirations and characteristics of a nation. For this reason, recognizing the characteristics of the epic hero is especially important in realizing his role in creating epic content, because the epic poet tries to emphasize the effective elements in creating the epic content by using th...

Panegyric poem is a kind of poem that is written to praise a person and the poet with transcendental characteristics. Such a poem is one of the old Persian poems. Studies about it focused on content studies and not language studies. So, in this research, by a focus on the syntax layer, as a language layer, the language factors are checked to find t...

Halliday's systemic functional theory is a social look at a language which is interwoven with three metafunctional processes. Studying literary texts from linguistic aspects, such as ideational function is one of the new research approaches which improve a better and deeper understanding of hidden layers of texts. One of the modern Arabic and Persi...

One of the important approaches in the mythological studies of literary texts is Northrop Frye's Theories. The present study investigates the story of Rostam and Sohrab in Shahnameh by using Frye's proposed model and by a descriptive-analytical method. The method of information gathering is the libraries method. Studies show that the presence of el...

The use of "allegory" and "symbols" to better understand the concepts, particularly abstract and rational concepts, is one of the ways in which children's literature is very important and it can be examined from multiple views one of which is semiotic structure or meaning of the symbols that can open the way to new issues in literature. Therefore,...

Rudaki is one of the poets whose poetry collection has not been found and the existing poems attributed to him have been collected from various sources such as biographies, dictionaries, rhetorical and historical books. Nafisi studied the cited resources and collected the attributed poems to Rudaki and published them which were taken as the basis f...

Aghraz Al-Seyasah Fi A'araz Al-Reyasah, authored by Zahiry Samarghandy has become one of the excellent and outstanding old prose texts, because of containing technical, political, social, philosophical, didactic, and ethical teachings and addressing governance practices. These practical and miscellaneous teachings have led to frequent transcription...

In each of his works, Abbas Maroufi has considered the social, political, and historical conditions of the society by considering one of the social classes, and through this, he has challenged the situation of the society with a critical point of view combined with humor and elaboration. The "intellectual" class, women "victims and surrender" and "...

Although we have access to a number of critical editions of Attār's works, there still remain some problematic and ambiguous points in his works that cannot be clarified merely based on the codicological details. To elucidate such matters, it is indispensable to analyze closely the different aspects of Attār's style based on the authentic documents...

In the historical culture of Iran, narration means lecturing and giving an account of any story in its broad sense. Story research pays attention to the presence of the narrator, as a human factor, in the transfer of the story, but does not examine the signs of his presence, extent of his possession, or adherence to resources in a methodical and ac...

A sentence can structurally be used in three forms: declarative, interrogative, and imperative. Semantically, each type may have different meanings in various contexts. The discussion of secondary or multiple meanings of a sentence has long been considered by rhetoricians, especially in the field of semantics. The secondary meanings of the above th...

Metaphor is one of the devices and elements which has been used for conveying and objectifying the great human concepts in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh as an excellent, mythical, and heroic work. Accordingly, the structural nature of the stories of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh has been represented as a metaphorical narrative. There are various characters in Shahna...

The most dominant theme of the richest works on mysticism is perceptive imagery which has its origin in mythology and philosophy. Given their intrinsic link to the meanings and concepts, images are considered as the intellectual life of the writer and the poet. They attempt to create images depending on their own mental and intellectual capacity as...

This article is organized with a linguistic approach to the prominent texts of past and contemporary Persian literature and with the aim of recognizing the compound word (morakkab-e atfi) from the coordinating phrase, and representing its lexical structure. First, the words of both sides of the conjunction ‫"و"‬ (and) were examined, and those that...

Cloudy Years" novel by Ali-Ashraf Darvishian written in 4 volumes and 1622 pages and its events contain about 33 years of hero-narrator's life. In the article, the speed of passing the story events through the author's narrative is measured on the basis of Gerard Genette's opinions. Genette utilizes order, duration, and frequency categories to meas...

Bidel Dehlavi's poetry is complex, difficult, and mysterious whose deep philosophical and mystical thoughts, as well as his special look at the world, are the factors of the semantic complexity of his poetry. In Biddle's poetry, some words are very frequent; one of these words is the concept of "being," which has a special place in his poetry and u...

The novel is a plot of life that narrates a period of time and the culture of the society in a narrative way, describing the passages and difficulties of life by situating characters and events. This description is accompanied by a presentation of the life plan. Women as part of society, life, and culture have contributed to the development of the...

In analyzing epic texts, one encounters the special presence of some animals in the development of the epic genre, this presence is at times positive and totemic, and at others negative and evil. Like the wolf which in a number of world myths and epics has positive functions, but not so in others. In Shahname as well, the appearance of the wolf is...

The present study deals with the investigation of the time theme in the images existing in the Arash Kamangir (Arash Bowman) epic epopee written by Siavash Kasraei. The research is based on Gilbert Durand's theory. Durand divides the images into daily and night epopees by the images classification. Some parts of the images and symbols show the fear...

In stylistics books (and some articles and margins of texts) usually, the linguistic coordinates of ancient Persian texts are discussed in a separate section. In this section, researchers have tried to explain the salient morphological, syntactic, and phonetic features of the texts. But in some cases, because the Pahlavi texts (Persian texts are th...

This idea that the poetry and poetic style of preceding poets was disregarded in the Safavid period and only the poets of Regression School started this movement in order to promote the Iranian literature seems to be void of truth and precision when we explore literary tazkirehs and manuscripts of this era, particularly the divans of the tenth and...

It could be said that Nezami's Haft Peikar is a book about the unity of Hero and his holy joining to his Anima which leads to a sort of self-awareness according to a variety of symbols or meaningful metaphors. The appearance of collective unconscious archetypes of this book put it in an aura of ambiguity that cannot be understood unless by psycholo...

Khajeh Kasani is known to have been one of the influential figures in Naqshbandi school, who was influenced by the sages of this school in theoretical and practical mysticism. Explaining the principles of Khawjegan school, he enriched the nature of the school with his works and influenced the school with critical and enlightening views. This resear...

The Burzō-nāma is one of the most famous epics after the Shāh-nāma, which, despite the recent studies of the last two centuries, there are still many uncertainties about it. The small or old Burzō-nāma, the first part of this two-part epic, has remained largely an annexed story to the Shāh-nāma. This research, for the first time, has tried to clari...

Symbolism was initiated by Nima Yushij, a contemporary poet. Symbolism sought to express the social and political problems of its age. Many poets were affected by his movement and Safarzadeh was not an exception. Her poems are a reflection of her age, and as the socio-political circumstances were not right to express one's ideas openly, she resorte...

In stylistics, surface structures are very important. The surface structure that the author chooses from possible surface structures to express his view of deep structure causes to produce sub-meanings, resonances, stylistic, and rhetorical devices. Thus, the syntactic structure of a text plays an important role in its style. The story of Samak-e A...

From a long time ago until now, with referencing to the common narrations and the three verses attributed to Ferdowsi, Shahnameh has been famous for having sixty thousand or nearly sixty thousand verses; while the number of verses in the oldest manuscripts, as well as valid printed texts, does not exceed fifty thousand verses. The present research...

The term " ‫تضخیم‬ ‫األنا‬ " in Arabic is closely related to the concept of narcissism and a sense of self-importance; because putting too much importance in one's self will lead to narcissism in its highest stages. This article attempts to investigate and analyze this issue as well as decentralism and cultural antagonism on the one hand and centra...

Human beings today, due to the growth of industry and technology, have departed from ethical standards and values, so they need to do everything in their power to promote this vitality. Erich Fromm does not consider psychology to be separate from ethics, so he views human nature and personality in life as a combination of non-fertile orientations,...

This Article Examines the Use of Vocabulary, Phrases, and Sentences in

The Rhree-Dimensional Model of Critical Discourse

The Novel Souls and Lusts

Bahman Forsy is one of the

Intertextuality theory is one of the New

The Year of the Riot" is a novel based on the Stream of Consciousness that does not have a Regular

In Literary Terms,

In this Article, an Attempt is made to Examine a Number of seals Engraved in the Sassanid Period from the Collection of Mohsen Foroughi, which are Engraved with the Image of a horse, as well as the Descriptions of this Animal left in the Poetry and Prose of post-Islamic Persian Literature to Show the Similarities and Differences between the Pre-Isl...

Discourse Analysis is an Interdisciplinary field of study Which Emphasizes

This study is aimed at investigating how Tehran is represented in the context of Iranian Novels. The study considers novels as epistemic components, shedding light on the contribution of these components to a general phenomenon named modernity, which is manifested by the city. To this end, the following novels were selected theoretically and purpos...

Complaint lyrics are one of the themes and types of literary subtypes, which means to confabulate from the painful events of life and express its speaker's pain and grief. Complaint poems are diverse in terms of subject matter and content. Many factors, including the sensitivities and psychological conditions of the poet, as well as the socio-polit...

Holy defense is a part of our country's history, and a fair look at this historic period is realized when it's studied through the minds of all those who were involved. The books of women's war memories, both quantitatively and qualitatively, still have a lot to do with men's diary books. Here, the frequency of the use of twenty components of femin...

Poetic historiography has been formed as one of the historiographical forms of the Mongolian period, following the advent of historiography. In this historiography, as its name implies, history is written in order. The poetic historiography provides a lot of information about the reconstruction of some of the historical events of this time and in t...

In the 1980s, after post-structural criticism, "New Historicism" appeared through the work of Stephen Greenblatt as a response to traditional historicism. A new historian believes that literary texts have been interwoven with other discourses and rhetoric structures and they constitute a part of the history that is being written. We gain knowledge...

Brevity and lingual economy affected by social and cultural factors were welcomed by contemporary literary currents in Iran. "Karikalemator" is one of the currents in which humor and brevity are its structural substructure. The speakers of the "Karikalemator" look at language differently and as a result, language games find special significance by...

The study of hegemonic semantics shows how the signs take their transcendental path and serve the hegemonic meanings. The purpose of this study is to investigate the formation, production, and reception of meaning in the field of sustainability literature. In this regard, the hegemony in the two resistance-oriented poems by Mehdi Hamidi Shirazi ent...

Metafiction is a story about the process of writing a story in which the author deliberately and by revealing the craft of writing emphasizes the unreal and fiction of his story. The present study is an analytical and descriptive study of metafiction skills in the novel 'Watching a Wrecked Dream' by Bijan Bijari. The results suggest that the disord...

The mystical texts and fairy tales are often in the field of educational and allegorical literature, and the role of symbols is very significant in the study and analysis of the rhetorical function and contemplation of these works. Symbolism is not only an effective technique in making literary texts but also an accurate device in the evaluation of...

One of the causes of war and bloodshed over many centuries is the disparity of religions and religious wars. The Rumi with praiseworthy skill, scientifically and principally, explains the causes of the emergence of these wars and the ways of infiltration and the ways of dealing with them in the form of two fascinating and comprehensible stories. Ru...

In conceptual metaphor theory, metaphors rely on semantic relationships between words that act as a means for the human understanding of abstract and tangible world affairs. Literature in connection with the theory of "conceptual metaphor" has various "source areas" and "target areas" through which they explain abstract concepts in a tangible way f...

Stylists have named the poetic style of poems of the sixth century of Ganjeh and Ar-ran area as 'Azarbayjani' according to the classification of different periods which is different from the Khorasani style. The stream of prose writing in this period has a little different from the previous period and authors little by little try to achieve availab...

Text correction is one of the most difficult and delicate areas of research in the Persian language and literature. In the field of Shahnameh, since the first correction of Lamzend's incomplete correction, there have been many useful efforts. Undoubtedly, one of the best efforts in this field is Khaleghi Motlagh's work. This work is greatly used as...

This article used a descriptive-analytical method to investigate the introvertive and extrovertive mystical experiences of Baha Walad and Laozi, based on the views of Walter Stace. Both types of gnostic experience are found in Baha Walad's experiences, referred to metaphorically as "taste". In extrovertive gnostic experience, God is hidden in the i...

A look at the culture of Iranian fiction illustrates a significant number of women writers who have used the storyline and novels to express their homosexual social, cultural, and family issues. Zoya Pirzad and Farkhondeh Aghaei are among the writers who, by knowing the status of women in their contemporary society, have been working on women-cente...