Liselotte Sonnesen

• Specialist in Orthodontics, PhD, Dr. odont
• Professor and Head of the Postgraduate Education in Orthodontics and Dental Sleep Clinic at University of Copenhagen

Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyse the association between dental and skeletal maturation in children born between 2005 and 2010. Materials and methods: Dental and skeletal maturation of 117 ethnic Scandinavian children born between 2005 and 2010 (70 girls, 47 boys, mean age 11.48 years) was analysed. Dental maturati...

This study compared daytime sleepiness and quality of life in OSA patients with healthy controls and compared sleepiness and quality of life in OSA patients before and after long-term treatment with a mandibular advancement device (MAD). A total of 27 OSA patients (18 men, 9 women, mean age 52.3 years) and 32 healthy age- and sex-matched controls (...

Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the method error and reliability of acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry in children and adolescents and to describe the feasibility of these methods in a young population. Material and Methods: The study sample included 35 healthy subjects in the age of 9 to 14 years. The subjects...

Background: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a hereditary disorder that affects the connective tissue and collagen structures in the body characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility and tissue fragility. Objective: The aim was to investigate temporomandibular disorders (TMD), bite force, teeth in occlusal contact and osseous cha...

Background/objectives: The aims were to study the presence of a secular trend in (a) age at peak height velocity (PHV), (b) velocity at PHV, and (c) duration of skeletal maturation in relation to PHV. Material/method: Two groups of children: 100 children (63 boys, 37 girls) born between 1969-1973 and 71 children (49 boys, 22 girls) born between...

Background/Objectives: This study investigates differences in craniofacial morphology including skull thickness, sella turcica morphology, nasal bone length, and posterior cranial fossa dimensions, as well as differences in head posture and deviations in upper spine morphology, in adult OSA patients compared to healthy controls with neutral occlusi...

Objective To compare head posture and upper spine morphology in hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (hEDS) patients with healthy controls with neutral occlusion. Materials and Methods The study consisted of 27 hEDS patients (23 females, 4 males, mean age 36.41 ± 11.35) and 39 healthy controls (28 females, 11 males, mean age 31.85 ± 11.35) with neut...

Background/Objectives: Clear aligner treatment (CAT) has gained interest among clinicians as well as among patients. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the literature regarding current viewpoints on indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, and adverse effects in CAT. Methods: A search was performed in the Pu...

Background Class II occlusion is associated with narrow dimensions of the maxillary dental arch and hard palate (maxillary dimensions), which may increase the risk of narrow upper airways and sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB). Objectives The aim was to compare maxillary dental arch and hard palate dimensions in children with Class II and large over...

Background Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited disease that affects multiple organ systems including bone and teeth. Limited knowledge exists on dental and oral health in patients with adult‐onset HPP (aHPP). Objective The aim of this study was to investigate oro‐dental characteristics in patients with aHPP compared to healthy controls. Me...

Objectives The aim of this case-control study was to examine upper airway by acoustic reflection in class II children with large horizontal maxillary overjet compared to children with neutral occlusion. Material and Methods The study group included children of 9 to 14 years with class II and large horizontal maxillary overjet (≥ 6 mm) compared to...

Background Some orthodontic devices used in children share similar design principles to appliances used to treat obstructive sleep apnoea in adults. As well as treating malocclusion, orthodontic appliances used in children may therefore also have effects on the upper airway. Objective A review of the literature to assess the effects of orthodontic...

Study objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children and adolescents with large overjet due to mandibular retrognathia compared to a control group. Methods: In this case-control study children with large overjet ≥ 6 mm due to mandibular retrognathia (study group) were compared to a...

Background Large horizontal maxillary overjet (overjet) is associated with reduced bite force (BF) and number of contacts, which influence the chewing effectivity (CE). Oral health, oro‐facial function (OF) and malocclusion have great impact on psychological well‐being and quality of life (QoL). Objectives The aims of the study were to examine OF,...

The aim of this study was to compare the assessment of tooth wear performed on digital models with the one conducted at the clinical examination. Seventy-eight volunteers (29 males and 49 females, age range 20–30 years) with at least 24 teeth, normal oral function, and a neutral transverse relationship were examined. During the clinical examination...

This study compared differences in dental maturation and dental age in Scandinavian children born in 1969–1973 and 2005–2010. The study was based on 130 ethnic Scandinavian children, who were divided in two groups corresponding to the time periods and matched on age and sex. Each group consisted of 65 children (30 girls, 35 boys, mean age 9.29 year...

This triple blinded RCT two arms study determines the efficacy of fluoride rinse (0.32% NaF-solution) for a period of 6 and 12 months (6m,12m) on the caries increment, plaque occurrence and gingival conditions in 10-15 year old Danes undergoing orthodontic treatment. Estimations showed that 24 subjects were required in the Test Group (TG) as well a...

Aim: The aims of the study were to examine the signal quality (SQ) of home polygraphy (PG) in children and adolescents and to compare automatic and manual scoring of the PGs. Methods: Clinical Trials Registration: NCT04964830. Participants and caregivers were instructed to set up the equipment and perform home PGs themselves. The PGs were analys...

Previously, bite force, occlusal contact and pain were investigated in orthodontic patients with moderate-to-severe malocclusion, but not in patients with minor malocclusion. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in bite force, teeth in occlusal contact and pain in orthodontic patients with minor crowding before orthodontic treatment...

Introduction Functional appliances (FA) have a positive effect on the upper airway volume and minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) in children. An association between morphologic deviations of the upper spine (MDUS) and reduced treatment response was found in appliances used to treat adults with obstructive sleep apnea. This study aimed to: (1) compa...

Aim To ascertain and illustrate specific clinical dento-craniofacial characteristics associated with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in non-syndromic children. Methods Narrative review of literature on SDB, dental occlusion and craniofacial morphology retrieved through online literature database search for these terms. The review focused on clini...

Background Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has negative influence on children’s development and well-being. Malocclusion due to some craniofacial anatomical characteristics may be associated with SDB. Objectives The aim of this paper is to ascertain if SDB is associated with malocclusion in children/adolescents, aged 6–15 years compared to health...

Background Proposed skeletal changes achieved by functional appliances (FA) with reference to stable structures (structural method) have received relatively little attention compared to conventional cephalometric measurements (conventional method). Using the two methods, the aims of this study were to (1) determine the skeletal changes as a result...

Objectives: The aims of the present case-control study were to compare craniofacial morphology, airway minimum cross-sectional area and airway volume between patients with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and healthy controls. Material and Methods: The sample comprised 18 hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) patients (16 females, 2 males, m...

This research aimed to evaluate the effects of presurgical mandibular incisor decompensation on long-term outcomes of Class III surgical orthodontic treatment. Thirty-five patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who received conventional surgical orthodontic treatment were included. Mandibular incisor brackets with −6° of inclination were pla...

Introduction This research aimed to compare treatment effects of functional appliances between children with and without morphologic deviations in the upper spine and analyze associations between Atlas dimensions and the short- and long-term treatment effects. Methods Sixty-eight prepubertal or pubertal children (35 boys and 33 girls; mean age, 11...

Objectives: The aim of this cross sectional study was to analyze the method error and reliability in acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry and to analyze the difference between standing and sitting position in acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry. Material and methods: The sample comprised 38 healthy subjects (11 men and 27 women) as part of a...

Objective: To compare short- and long-term dentoalveolar, skeletal, and rotational changes evaluated by Björk's structural method of superimposition between children with Class II malocclusion treated by functional appliances and untreated matched controls. Methods: Seventy-nine prepubertal or pubertal children (mean age, 11.57 ± 1.40 years) wit...

Introduction Although functional appliances (FAs) are primarily used to treat Class II malocclusions, their effects on the upper airway have generally been reported in studies involving 2-dimensional analysis of cephalometric radiographs. This study aimed to use 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography to (1) determine the effects on upper airwa...

Introduction: The aims of this study were to analyze differences in craniofacial and upper cervical spine morphology, including posterior cranial fossa and growth prediction signs between European and Asian skeletal Class III children, and to analyze associations between morphologic deviations in the upper cervical spine and craniofacial character...

Objective: To compare patient experience, chairside time, dental arch distances, and costs of dental models derived from intraoral scans and alginate impressions in pre-orthodontic children and young adolescents. Materials and methods: Fifty-nine children and young adolescents (9-15 years, mean: 12.70 years) had an intraoral scan and an alginate...

Background: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a hereditary disorder that affects the connective tissue and collagen structures in the body characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility and tissue fragility. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the oro-dental characteristics including measurements of tooth size of 26 p...

Objective:: To compare changes in pharyngeal airway volume and minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) between patients undergoing rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and a matched control group and to identify markers for predicting airway changes using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods:: Pre- and posttreatment CBCT scans were...

Aim Morphological deviations in the upper cervical spine and craniofacial morphology in patients with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) were compared to non-syndromic controls. Methods All children and adolescents with genetically verified XLHED, registered at the Resource Centres for Oral Health in Rare Diseases, who met the incl...

Aims: This was to compare sleepiness, occlusion, dental arch and palatal dimensions between children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and healthy children (control group). Methods: 15 children with ADHD (10 boys, 5 girls, mean age 10.98 years) and 36 healthy age matched children (21 boys, 15 girls, mean age 10.60 years) were...

The purpose of this article is to review 1) mandibular advancement device (MAD) – indication, treatment success, and side effects; 2) maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery of the jaws – indication, treatment success, and side effects; and 3) current perspectives. Both MAD and MMA are administered to increase the upper airway volume and reduce...

Objectives: To analyze differences in upper cervical spine and craniofacial morphology, including posterior cranial fossa and growth prediction signs, between Danish and South Korean pre-orthodontic skeletal Class II children and to analyze associations between upper cervical spine morphology and craniofacial characteristics. Materials and method...

Background/objectives: The aims were 1. to analyse differences in the occurrence of orthodontic induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) of the upper and lower incisors in Angle Class II division 2 patients, between patients treated with fixed appliance only (one-phase treatment group) and patients treated with removable appliance before treat...

Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyse differences in pharyngeal airway dimensions and head posture between obstructive sleep apnea patients with and without morphological deviations in the upper cervical spine and to analyse associations between pharyngeal airway dimensions and head posture in the total sample. Material and Methods: The...

Objectives: This follow-up study (1) compares tooth displacement of central incisors in patients with and without pre-implant orthodontic treatment and (2) investigates whether sex, age, or orthodontic retention have an effect on tooth displacement after the insertion of single-crown implants. Materials and methods: Fifty-seven patients - thirty...

The main aim of this chapter is to describe the role of upper cervical spine morphology and head and neck posture in the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Previously it has been documented that the posture of the head and neck was related to the morphology of the facial profile, dysfunction of the ja...

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in long-term treatment with a mandibular advancement device (MAD) to increase the upper airway space, may develop changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the orofacial function due to the protruded jaw position during sleep. The aim was to investigate the influence of long-term MAD treatment on t...

Objectives: To compare 1) temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mobility between patients with and without reduced upper cervical spine (UCS) mobility and with and without TMJ osseous osteoarthritic-like changes, and 2) UCS osseous changes between patients with and without TMJ osseous osteoarthritic-like changes and with and without reduced UCS mobility....

Objective: To analyze which parameters, gathered from standard orthodontic diagnostic material, were most relevant for identifying small pharyngeal airway dimensions in preorthodontic children. Materials and methods: The sample was composed of 105 cone beam computed tomography scans of healthy preorthodontic children (44 boys, 61 girls; mean age...

AIM: To analyze differences in prevalence and pattern of tooth agenesis and craniofacial morphology between non syndromic children with tooth agenesis with and without upper cervical spine morphological deviations and to analyze associations between craniofacial morphology and tooth agenesis in the two groups together. METHODS: One hundred and twen...

World J Stomatol 2015 May 20; 4(2): 81-86

Recently, studies have performed three-dimensional analyses of upper airways in children. However, there was a lack of airway delineation according to anatomical boundaries and/or easily mobile soft tissue landmarks were used. The aim of the present study was to define new upper airway margins in children on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) acc...

Background/objectives: The aim of the study was to assess cephalometric predictive markers in terms of craniofacial morphology including posterior cranial fossa and upper spine morphology for mandibular advancement device (MAD) treatment outcome in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Material/methods: Twenty-seven OSA patients were tre...

Aims: To assess the prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) bony changes in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of adult subjects without ongoing orofacial pain or complaints from the TMJ. Methods: The study included 84 TMJs from 28 men and 14 women (mean age [± SD]: 51 ± 11 years) without orofacial pain or TMJ complaints who were pa...

Cervical vertebral column morphology and head posture were examined and related to craniofacial morphology in preorthodontic children and adolescents with anterior open bite. One hundred eleven patients (ages, 6-18 years) with an anterior open bite of more than 0 mm were divided into 2 groups of skeletal or dentoalveolar open bite. The skeletal ope...

Associations between posture of the head and neck, morphology of the craniofacial profile, dysfunction of the masticatory muscles and jaws and obstruction of the upper airway have been previously described. More recently, associations between upper spine morphology and the morphology of the craniofacial profile including the cranial base and associ...

Background/objectives: The aim of this study was to describe upper spine morphology in adult patients with hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) compared with controls to assess differences in spine morphology in terms of severity of skeletal impact and to study associations between spine morphology and craniofacial morphology. Material/methods: The stu...

The effect of experimental jaw-muscle pain and stress on masticatory muscle activity in TMD-patients has been discussed. Furthermore, associations between TMD and deep bite patients have been studied. Accordingly in the present study, comparison of EMG responses at rest, maximal clenching, during evoked pain and stress between deep bite patients an...

To characterize the size and the morphology of the frontal sinus (i.e., structure evolved by bone resorption) and the nasal bone (i.e., structure evolved by bone formation) in adults with hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) compared with controls. Thirty-six patients with HR (12 males and 24 females) aged 21-74 years were included. The control group comp...

Objectives: Few studies have described morphological deviations in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients on two-dimensional (2D) lateral cephalograms, and the reliability of 2D radiographs has been discussed. The objective is to describe the morphology of the cervical vertebral column on cone beam CT (CBCT) in adult patients with OSA and to comp...

The aim was to analyse which parameters in a standard orthodontic material are most important for identifying factors for low bite force. Such analyses have not previously been reported in adult orthodontic patients. The sample comprised 95 adults (67 females and 28 males) aged 18–55 years sequentially admitted for conventional orthodontic treatmen...

To compare pain sensitivity between deep bite patients and a sex- and age-matched control group with normal occlusion. Pain sensitivity was assessed by injections of the excitatory amino acid glutamate into the masseter and brachioradialis muscles. Intensity of glutamate-evoked pain was scored by the subjects ( n = 60) on a 0 to 10 cm visual analog...

Hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) are diseases characterized by deficient mineralization of bone due to abnormal renal wasting of phosphate. Deformation of bony structures of cartilaginous origin has been described as a major characteristic in patients with HR, but little is known about the impact on bony structures of intramembranous origin. The aim o...

In preorthodontic children with Class II malocclusion and horizontal maxillary overjet, cervical column morphology was examined and related to craniofacial morphology and head posture for the first time. Two hundred thirteen children (aged 7-15 years) with a horizontal maxillary overjet of more than 6 mm were divided into 2 groups of skeletal and d...

To describe occipitalization on human dry skulls and to compare craniofacial morphology including the posterior cranial fossa in skulls with occipitalization and in skulls without occipitalization and with normal craniofacial morphology (controls). A total of 29 skulls were selected from the Björk collection. Nine had occipitalization of atlas. Twe...

The purpose was to analyze skull thickness in incomplete cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and combined cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Copenhagen School of Dentistry and Copenhagen Cleft Lip and Palate Centre. Patients with cleft lip, cleft palate, and combined cleft lip and palate and normal adult men. Four groups of patients comprised the study. O...

This study aims to investigate the effect of topical applications of 10% casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on white spot lesions (WSL) detected after treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Sixty healthy adolescents with ≥1 clinically visible WSL at debonding were recruited and randomly allocated to a randomised contr...

Aim. To summarize recent studies on morphological deviations of the cervical vertebral column and associations with craniofacial morphology and head posture in nonsyndromic patients and in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Design. In these recent studies, visual assessment of the cervical vertebral column and cephalometric analysis of...

The aim of this study was to analyze craniofacial profiles and head posture in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subgrouped according to cervical column morphology. Seventy-four white men aged 27 to 65 years (mean, 49.0 years) diagnosed with OSA in sleep studies by using overnight polysomnography were included. Only patients with apnea-hy...

Introduction The aim of this study was to analyze craniofacial profiles and head posture in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subgrouped according to cervical column morphology. Methods Seventy-four white men aged 27 to 65 years (mean, 49.0 years) diagnosed with OSA in sleep studies by using overnight polysomnography were included. Only...

Based on the results of previous studies of osseous structures within the frontonasal field in patients with a known malformation in the frontonasal field, the aim of the present study was to clarify whether the same structures were malformed in patients with severe skeletal malocclusions. Incisor, nasal, and cranial base lengths were measured on l...

On profile radiographs of adults, an association between fusions of cervical vertebrae, deviations in the cranial base and mandibular retrognathia has been documented radiographically. An elaboration of this association on a histological level is needed. In human triploid fetuses severe mandibular retrognathia and deviations in the cranial base hav...

To measure skull thickness in a group of subjects with skeletal Class II and a group with skeletal Class III malocclusion and compare these results with a group with Class I occlusion. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen. The Class II group comprised 25 females aged 17-42 (mean 26.0). The Class III group compri...

Cervical column morphology was examined in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and compared with the cervical morphology of an adult control group with neutral occlusion, normal craniofacial morphology, and no history of sleep apnoea. The sleep apnoea group consisted of 91 patients, 16 females aged 29–59 years (mean 49.4 years) and 7...

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and psychological status were examined in adult patients with a deep bite and compared with an adult age- and gender-matched control group with neutral occlusion. The deep bite group consisted of 20 females (mean age 30.3 years) and 10 males (mean age 33.1 years). The control group comprised 20 females (mean age 2...

Immunohistochemical analyses on the axial skeleton from wild type mice. In the clinic, we have previously observed cervical spine defects associated with deviations in the posterior part of the occipital bone and with morphologic and functional variations in the craniofacial skeleton. As examples, cervical spine fusions occurred frequently in patie...

The purpose of this study was to describe the neurocranial and craniofacial morphology on profile radiographs of children with single median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI). Cephalometric analyses of neurocranium and craniofacial morphology on profile radiographs. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen. Thirteen...

Skull thickness in relation to patients with skeletal deep bite has not been reported previously. The present study examines the skull thickness in patients with skeletal deep bite and compares it with the skull thickness in subjects with neutral occlusion and normal craniofacial morphology. A retrospective case-control study. The material comprise...

Previous studies have described the relationships between cervical column morphology and craniofacial morphology. The aims of the present study were to describe cervical column morphology in 38 pairs of adult monozygotic (MZ) twins, and compare craniofacial morphology in twins with fusions with craniofacial morphology in twins without fusion. Visua...

Cervical column morphology was examined in adult patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion and horizontal maxillary overjet; the findings were compared with cervical column morphology in an adult control group with neutral occlusion and normal craniofacial morphology. This has not previously been investigated. The overjet group consisted of 34 p...

To examine and compare the cervical column morphology in adult patients with skeletal open bite with the cervical column morphology of an adult control group with neutral occlusion and normal craniofacial morphology. A retrospective case-control study. Thirty-eight open bite patients, 27 women, aged 17-39 years, and 11 males, aged 18-40 years were...

The cervical column morphology of adults with skeletal Class III malocclusion and mandibular overjet was examined and compared with the cervical column morphology of a control group with neutral occlusion and normal craniofacial morphology. The mandibular overjet group consisted of 57 patients (32 women, 25 men). The control group consisted of 21 s...

Cervical column morphology was examined in 41 adult patients with a skeletal deep bite, 23 females aged 22–42 years (mean 27.9) and 18 males aged 21–44 years (mean 30.8) and compared with the cervical column morphology in an adult control group consisting of 21 subjects, 15 females, aged 23–40 years (mean 29.2 years) and six males aged 25–44 years...

The present study describes the cervical column as related to head posture, cranial base, and mandibular condylar hypoplasia. Two groups were included in the study. The ‘normal’ sample comprised 21 subjects, 15 females aged 23–40 years (mean 29.2 years), and six males aged 25–44 years (mean 32.8 years) with neutral occlusion and normal craniofacial...

In this prospective, longitudinal study, bite force was examined in children with a unilateral posterior crossbite before (stage 1), immediately after orthodontic treatment (stage 2), and after retention (stage 3). The sample comprised 19 (7 girls, 12 boys) children aged 7–11 years. The children were treated according to conventional practice, with...

The present study examined bite force in relation to occlusion, craniofacial dimensions, and head posture. The sample comprised 88 children (48 girls, 40 boys) aged 7-13 years, sequentially admitted for orthodontic treatment of malocclusions entiling health risks. Bite force was measured in the molar region by means of a pressure transducer. Angle...

In the present study bite force was examined in pre-orthodontic children with unilateral posterior crossbite and compared with an age- and sex-matched control group. The sample comprised 52 children aged 7-13 years, 26 pre-orthodontic children with unilateral posterior crossbite (crossbite group), and 26 children with neutral occlusion (control gro...

The present study examined the associations between craniofacial dimensions, head posture, bite force, and symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The sample comprised 96 children (51F, 45M) aged 7-13 years, sequentially admitted for orthodontic treatment of malocclusions entailing health risks. Symptoms and signs of TMD were asses...

From early childhood, Turner syndrome patients have a flattened cranial base, maxillary retrognathism, and short hands. There are, however, no studies that show when these genotype-determined abnormalities occur prenatally. The purpose of the present study was to measure craniofacial profile and hand radiographs of second trimester foetuses with Tu...

The present study aimed to examine whether any pattern of associations could be found between the posture of the head and neck, and the occurrence of malocclusions. The sample comprised 96 children (45 M, 51 F) aged 7-13 years, sequentially admitted for orthodontic treatment of severe malocclusions. Malocclusions were diagnosed clinically and class...

The present study reports the prevalence of the various traits of malocclusion, as well as the occurrence of associations between malocclusion, and symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children selected for orthodontic treatment by the new Danish procedure for screening the child population for severe malocclusions entailing h...

The present study reports the prevalence of the various traits of malocclusion, as well as the occurrence of associations between malocclusion, and symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children selected for orthodontic treatment by the new Danish procedure for screening the child population for severe malocclusions entailing h...