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July 2011 - present
August 1998 - June 2011
Publications
Publications (107)
In March 2020, COVID-19 was declared a worldwide pandemic. To limit its spread, governments and institutions have implemented drastic measures with major repercussions on the labor market, workers, and their families. Business, school, and daycare closures, as well as telework and home-schooling, have challenged working parents. In this unique cont...
In July 2013, a train derailment profoundly disrupted the tranquility of the population of Lac-Mégantic for months and even years. In 2016, we conducted a representative population-based survey among 387 people from Lac-Mégantic and 413 from other municipalities with the aim to document psychological and physical health of adults exposed to the dis...
Ce guide est rédigé à l'attention de la communauté étudiante du baccalauréat en développement de carrière ou de la maîtrise en counseling de carrière de l'Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), ainsi que des communautés professionnelles et scientifiques intéressées. La première section de ce guide constitue une adaptation du Guide de présentation...
Despite recent calls for more peer support initiatives aimed at promoting mental health in postsecondary institutions, those initiatives remain scarce. In this study, a multisite randomized controlled trial was designed to assess the effect of an online peer support intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy using mental health and sch...
Ce guide est proposé à l'attention des étudiantes et des étudiants du baccalauréat en développement de carrière et de la maîtrise en counseling de carrière à l'Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), ainsi qu'à la communauté professionnelle intéressée. Le document aborde trois sujets: 1) les normes de présentation de travaux universitaires en dével...
In this paper, we examined the psychometric properties of the English and French versions of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory short form (MPFI-24). Study 1 was conducted in the United States among the general population (N = 2,668) to assess the reliability and factorial validity of the English version. In Study 2, the MPFI-...
The paper presents first the theoretical foundations used to develop a pre-experimental version of a questionnaire on relationship to work, and then the four stages of its initial validation leading to an experimental version. These stages included: (1) Defining the dimensions and sub-dimensions of the relationship to work concept; (2) Operationali...
Objective:
This randomized controlled trial examined whether KORSA workshops indirectly influence anxiety, depression and stress symptoms among university students through their effect on two second-order psychological flexibility processes: 1) mindfulness and acceptance, and 2) commitment and behavior change. Participants: During the fall 2014 an...
La formation, les pratiques et les conditions d’exercice des conseillers et des conseillères d’orientation ont beaucoup évolué depuis la fin du siècle dernier et le début du second millénaire. Ces changements ou ces mutations ont été provoqués par de multiples facteurs. Parmi les principaux facteurs, notons les mutations sociales, économiques et te...
The aim of this multisite randomized controlled trial was to determine whether an intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was efficacious in improving university students' psychological flexibility, mental health, and school engagement. Students were recruited in four Canadian universities and randomly assigned to an intervent...
This article aims to achieve a better understanding of the career change process, in the light of aseries of professional and biographical events that take place in the lives of a group of workers from Quebec (Canada). Based on the Life Course paradigm, the analysis of interviews with 34 participants working in careers characterised by mobility all...
Many university students experience psychological health issues that undermine their academic success. In this quasi-experimental study, 90 (N = 90) students from 3 universities in Quebec (Canada) participated in a group intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). A pretest-posttest switching-replication design including 3 measur...
In Canada, an increasing number of students at higher education struggle with difficulties related to stress, anxiety and burnout (Dyrbye, Thomas, & Shanafelt, 2006). • Such difficulties undermine not only their wellbeing and quality of life (Brackney & Karabenick, 1995), but can also significantly jeopardize their learning and lead to dropout (Bou...
Characteristics of early- and late-onset dementia family caregivers were described and compared. Based on a theoretical model of role transition, data were collected through structured interviews from 48 caregivers of adults with Alzheimer's disease or a related dementia older than the age of 70 and 48 caregivers of similarly diagnosed adults young...
Children with an intellectual disability (ID) present a higher risk of psychopathology than their typical peers, with prevalence rates ranging from 35 to 40%. Psychopathological manifestations vary according to sex, age and IQ of children with ID. Correlations between executive dysfunctioning and externalizing behaviors were found among school-age...
La méditation basée sur la présence attentive (mindfulness) suscite un
engouement grandissant depuis les dernières années. Elle a fait l’objet
d’un nombre considérable d’études scientifiques, et plusieurs journaux et
revues populaires lui ont consacré des numéros spéciaux dans lesquels
elle est présentée comme une pratique novatrice permettant d’ac...
Few studies have been conducted to examine the relationship between mindfulness training and emotion regulation at work. This study reports results from a semi-randomized controlled trial of a brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) (Grégoire & Lachance, 2015) delivered in audio format. A pretest-posttest switching-replication design was used to...
Few studies have been conducted to examine the relationship between mindfulness training and emotion regulation at work. This study reports results from a semi-randomized controlled trial of a brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) (Gregoire & Lachance, 2015) delivered in audio format. A pretest-posttest switching-replication design was used to...
Managers and professionals are among the workers most at risk of experiencing high levels of conflict between their roles as workers and as parents. Depending on an individual's ability to solve problems in their day-today life, these conflicts can affect their psychological well-being. Research examining the psychological distress resulting from t...
The study is based on a heterogeneous sample; participants come from different work environments (college-level teaching, information technology, helping relationship, communications). • Participants had more than 7 years of meditation practice. • The study included dimensions that are rarely studied (e.g., decision-making at work, work-life balanc...
De nombreuses recherches ont démontré que les individus qui s’engagent dans de multiples rôles de vie s’exposent à des conflits inter-rôles. Selon cette perspective conflictuelle, un engagement marqué et simultané dans plusieurs rôles peut conduire à l’épuisement des ressources individuelles. Une analyse typologique, effectuée auprès de 252 hommes...
Employees of a call center working for a financial
institution took part in a brief mindfulness-based intervention
(MBI). Each day, during five consecutive weeks, they listened
to two short guided meditation sessions using a headset at
their workstation (10 min in the morning and 5 min after
lunch). A pretest-post-test switching-replication design...
In this article, we examined the psychometric properties of a French translation of the Authenticity Scale created by A. M. Wood, P. A. Linley, J. Maltby, M. Baliousis, and S. Joseph (2008, The authentic personality: A theoretical and empirical conceptualization and the development of the authenticity scale, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55, 38...
Background:
Booster sessions as a means of maintaining the benefits of psycho-educational programs have received little attention in caregiving research. Caregivers were offered a booster session following participation in a program entitled Learning to Become a Family Caregiver (LBFC) intended to facilitate transition to the caregiver role after...
Many studies showed that individuals who are involved in multiple life roles are exposed to interrole conflicts. According to the conflict perspective, a significant and simultaneous commitment in multiple roles can lead to depletion of individual resources. A cluster analysis, conducted with 252 male managers and professionals living in a dual-inc...
La méthode est la pierre angulaire de la recherche appliquée en
sciences humaines, sociales ou de la santé, car c’est elle qui balise
le chemin qu’emprunte le chercheur pour réaliser son projet. Elle
doit soutenir le processus de réflexion en fonction du contexte dans
lequel s’inscrit le projet, soit tenir compte de la question de recherche,
du phé...
A sample of 100 nonstandard workers from Québec, Canada, completed a semistructured exploration questionnaire designed to investigate the significance work had for them, its centrality in their lives, as well as their expectations of and personal commitment to work. Our exploratory study revealed that even though work had a positive significance an...
L’accès aux services spécialisés repose sur un diagnostic de déficience intellectuelle. Le critère le plus difficile à appliquer concerne le comportement adaptatif. Les comportements problématiques y sont peu définis et, selon l’American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), devraient être considérés distinctement. Com...
Background: Disclosure of a relative's dementia diagnosis marks the family member's official entry into the caregiver role, yet caregivers seldom receive support at this early stage in order to facilitate transition. This study (2008–2011) sought to evaluate whether positive effects observed at completion of a psycho-educational program persisted a...
Les études concernant le stress et la santé psychologique des parents d’enfants ayant une déficience intellectuelle ont donné lieu à des résultats contradictoires quant aux différences intersexes. La présente recherche compare les mères et les pères d’enfants ayant une déficience intellectuelle à l’égard de leur stress parental, de leur détresse, d...
Les études concernant le stress et la santé psychologique des parents d’enfants ayant une déficience intellectuelle ont donné lieu à des résultats contradictoires quant aux différences intersexes. La présente recherche compare les mères et les pères d’enfants ayant une déficience intellectuelle à l’égard de leur stress parental, de leur détresse, d...
Cette étude dresse un portrait des services utilisés par des parents et leur enfant ayant une déficience intellectuelle, évalue la satisfaction à l’égard de ceux-ci et répertorie ceux que les parents souhaiteraient recevoir. Un questionnaire a été complété par 199 parents lors d’une rencontre à domicile. Les résultats révèlent qu’ils sont généralem...
The parentification of children exposed to domestic violence
Children’s parentification is a variable reported as mediating the relationship between domestic violence and child adjustment. Parentification adds to the negative impact of domestic violence and contributes to children’s distress. Nevertheless, the predictors of parentification in child...
Long term Effects of a Flood on the Psychosocial Health of Victims D. Maltais1 et L. Lachance2, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada, 1Département des sciences humaines, 2Département des sciences de la santé In July 1996, floods disrupted the lives of thousands of people living in rural and urban communities in the Saguenay area of Que...
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is rising. The large number of new cases identified each year means that many new families will set upon a long trajectory of caring for a relative with dementia. Diagnostic disclosure of Alzheimer's disease marks the official transition to the caregiver role, yet this early period of the caregiver career have...
The purpose of this experimental study was to test the efficacy of a psychoeducational individual program conceived to facilitate transition to the caregiver role following diagnosis of Alzheimer disease in a relative.
Caregivers were recruited in memory clinics and randomized to an experimental group (n = 62) or a control group (n = 49) receiving...
Children with intellectual disabilities show deficits in cognitive abilities and adaptive behavior which increase the risk of psychopathological disorders. This exploratory study aims at delineating profiles of children based on their cognitive functioning and adaptive behaviors, and to compare them on psychopathological manifestations. A cognitive...
The career paths (ascending, interesting, uninteresting, descending) of 124 White Canadian francophones (62 men, 62 women) who had experienced nonstandard and precarious work for the last three years were examined in relation to the participants’ profiles of commitment to three life roles (work, family, and duality, that is, investment in both care...
Studies have shown that physicians are subject to high stress levels that can lead to mental health problems. Ophthalmologists are facing particularly high pressures because of shortages in their number and lack of resources. This study describes the state of mental health of Quebec's ophthalmologists and identifies certain elements of their work e...
Further analysis of existing data from a previous longitudinal study of older husband caregivers sought to determine whether primary objective and subjective stressors drawn from Pearlin's model of caregiving could predict three patterns of psychological distress observed in the sample over 1 year: (a) stable high (n=115), (b) stable low (n=44), an...
[Français] L’article présente le processus d’élaboration et de validation de l’échelle de la perception et du sentiment d’auto-efficacité des apprenants vis-à-vis de la vidéocommunication (ÉPAV). Basée sur la théorie sociocognitive de Bandura (1977, 1982, 1997/2007), cette échelle permet d’évaluer deux dimensions : la perception générale de la vidé...
Background. In the absence of models of therapy for sexual dysfunction in single women, this study drew on approaches that have been shown to be useful with men. This controlled study compared three approaches to the treatment of sexually dysfunctional single women. Method. Forty-nine sexually dysfunctional women were randomly assigned to treatment...
The purpose of this qualitative study was to compare two groups of older husbands in terms of spousal caregiver experience and perception of services. The first group consisted of men whose spouses suffered from cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer disease (n = 20) and the second comprised caregivers of functionally impaired spouses (n = 23...
The purpose of this qualitative study was to compare two groups of older husbands in terms of spousal caregiver experience and perception of services. The first group consisted of men whose spouses suffered from cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer disease (n = 20) and the second comprised caregivers of functionally impaired spouses (n = 23...
This one-year longitudinal study carried out on a sample of 232 older husband caregivers sought to describe changes in psychological distress and self-perceived health, and to examine relationships between factors drawn primarily from Pearlin's model of caregiving and changes in these two health outcomes. Prediction analyses shows that nearly two t...
Resume Le Life Role Salience Scale (LRSS) est un des outils Jes plus interessants pour evaluer ]'importance de quatre roles principaux (ceux de travailleur, de parent, de conjoint,et d'entretien de la maison) dans la definition du soi et ]'intention d'investir ses ressources personnelles a la reussite OU a la croissance de ces roles .. Au total, 40...
The purpose of this study, based on Pearlin et al.'s model, was to determine the factors associated with the health of older husband caregivers and with their intention to end home caregiving for their wives. The results showed subjective stressors to be associated with outcomes. Role overload was linked to psychological distress and to lower self-...
The purpose of this project was to evaluate the implementation and effects of a stress management intervention for family caregivers of elderly persons. The intervention was implemented through an action research design with the collaboration of case managers working in community health centers. A total of 81 caregivers participated in the study. T...
The purpose of this study was to describe the context and relational aspects that characterize male caregiving. The sample comprised 323 older husbands caring for their wives in Quebec (Canada). Nearly 60% of them spent at least 84 h/week caregiving and about 40% regularly performed personal care and instrumental tasks. Family provided emotional su...
The purpose of this randomized study was to test the persistent and delayed effects of an intervention program entitled "Taking Care of Myself " on selected mental health outcomes of daughter caregivers of a relative with dementia living in a long-term care setting. One group of caregivers took part in the experimental program (EG, n = 45), one in...
Two years after serious flooding, a study was conducted involving 177 disaster victims. This article presents the results of analyses aiming to identify the principal factors associated with post-disaster psychological problems by examining mediating or moderating influences of social support and adjustment strategies in the stressor-health link. T...
The purpose of this randomized study was to test the efficacy of an intervention programme entitled ‘Taking Care of Myself’ on selected indicators of mental health of daughter caregivers of elderly parents with dementia living in a long-term care setting. The programme is based on an empowerment perspective and on a stress and coping theoretical fr...
recherche interuniversitaire sur l'éducation et la vie au travail résumé Les études comparatives entre les hommes et les femmes sur les conflits travail-famille aboutissent à des résultats contradictoires. Ceux-ci pourraient s'expliquer par le manque de contrôle sur de tierces variables (âge, revenu, scolarité, etc.). Cette recherche com-pare des h...
Social support, coping and psychological health after a flood
Two years after serious flooding, a study was conducted involving 177 disaster victims. This article presents the results of analyses aiming to identify the principal factors associated with post-disaster psychological problems by examining mediating or moderating influences of social s...
The aim of this study was to replicate and extend the findings of O'Connor, Bélanger, Marchand, Dupuis, Elie, and Boyer [Addict. Behav. 24 (1999) 537], which had established a psychosocial profile associated with psychological distress in benzodiazepine (BZD) use. Forty-one participants with anxiety or insomnia, receiving maintenance therapy of BZD...
This study evaluated the role of control and efficacy expectations in the thoughts of life and death of 50 male and 50 female university students and investigated sex differences in this regard. It followed a correlational design and employed measures of tridimensional locus of control, expectations of academic efficacy, thoughts of life and death....
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The goal of the study was to compare caregivers who used psychotropic drugs with caregivers who were non-users in order to pinpoint differences in coping styles between the two groups. We performed a secondary analysis of a study on the stress and psychological well-being of persons caring for relatives with dementia. We compared elderly caregivers...
Treatments for social phobia result typically in significant anxiety and avoidance reduction; the repercussions in terms of social functioning, however, are not clear. This controlled study compared two approaches designed to improve the social functioning of social phobics.
Sixty-eight socially phobic patients were randomly assigned to two treatme...
Available treatments of social phobia reduce anxiety and avoidance of social situations. Social functioning however, remains relatively unaffected. This study piloted a behavioral group treatment that aimed at improving patients' individual difficulties in social functioning. Five patients fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for social phobia were selected...
The purpose of this one-year follow-up study was to determine whether the caregiving experience of primary caregivers (N = 142) of institutionalized demented elders changed over time and to identify the factors predictive of caregiver well-being after a year. Based on the stress and coping model of Lazarus and Folkman, five dimensions of this exper...
In July 1996, the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region suffered one of the greatest natural disasters in Québec's history. This article presents results of a study aiming at comparing, two years after the flood, the physical and psychological health condition of victims (n=177) to that of non-victims (n=168). The results indicate that victims, - regardless...
Résumé
En juillet 1996, le Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean a vécu l'une des plus grandes catastrophes naturelles dans l'histoire du Québec. Cet article présente les résultats d'une recherche visant à comparer, deux ans après les inondations, l'état de santé physique et psychologique de sinistrés (n = 177) à celui de non-sinistrés (n = 168). Les résultats indi...
Based on the stress and coping model of Lazarus and Folkman, the aim of this comparative study was to determine whether the caregiving experience of the caregivers of an institutionalized demented relative is different from the one of the caregivers whose relative does not suffer from dementia. Five dimensions of the caregiving experience were cons...
This 1-year follow-up study aimed to examine the predictors of change in psychological well-being, using two negative indicators (psychological distress and negative feelings about the caregiver role) and two positive indicators (positive feelings about the caregiver role and positive affect) of well-being. The sample consisted of primary caregiver...
This article presents the steps and results of the empirical testing of a theoretical longitudinal model, derived from Roy's nursing conceptual model, of the psychosocial determinants of adaptation in different target groups. The model was elaborated and empirically verified based on the integrated results of four longitudinal studies involving gro...
The separation-individuation process involving children and their mothers is facilitated by fathers. Divorce complicates this process. This study investigated whether substitute father figures can aid male adolescents from single-parent families with separation-individuation. Twenty-nine adolescents matched to Big Brothers were compared with two co...
The aim of this study was to validate a French-Canadian version of the Role Conflict and Ambiguity Scales (J. R. Rizzo et al, 1970). A sample of 470 Ss (mean age 39.4 yrs) was used to establish the psychometric properties of the instrument. The internal consistency coefficients were found to be .77 and .79 for the conflict and ambiguity scales, res...
The purpose of this study was to verify a model of relationships between psychosocial factors and health for 8066 francophone nurses working in geriatric care in Québec. A random sample of 1990 subjects was drawn and a participation rate of 77.9% and 55% was obtained for the two-time study taken twelve months apart. Based on the theory of Maddi and...