Lisa Hinz

Dominican University of California

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a substantial public health burden with limited treatment options. Recent evidence suggests that single and repeated-dose ketamine infusions have rapid and significant antidepressant effects on individuals with TRD. Few studies have compared single or repeated (6) ketamine infusions past 14 days post-treatmen...

Sara was a 65‐year‐old Caucasian woman who requested art therapy after the death of her partner. She had experienced incest by her father and verbal abuse by her mother until she left home at 21. Her life was characterized by broken relationships due to alienating anger outbursts and an interrupted work history; she met three criteria for narcissis...

This study explored how the global COVID-19 pandemic changed the ways in which art therapists use art in their therapeutic practice. Art has repeatedly been linked to healing in a variety of settings, but generally art therapists have been accustomed to conducting therapy sessions in person. Prior to the pandemic most art therapists preferred in-pe...

This Viewpoint essay serves three purposes: (1) revealing the life experiences of Vija Lusebrink that shaped what would become the pantheoretical art therapy assessment and treatment model known as the Expressive Therapies Continuum; (2) clarifying the broad and deep scope of this model; and (3) encouraging the art therapy audience to recognize thi...

The Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC) originally incorporated creativity as the Creative “level.” This denotation as a separate level is a misnomer because creativity can be present at any ETC level. Also, innate distinctive characteristics of the creative process differ from those of the other three levels. The objectives of this article are to...

Emotion regulation (ER) is a vital modality for understanding and controlling depression and consists of three major interdependent components: positive and negative affects, the mutuality of emotions and cognition, and the physiological mechanisms of emotions. Studies have noted that art therapy is effective in alleviating depression and stress, p...

Many affective experiences and learning processes including attachment patterns from early developmental phases manifest during psychotherapy. The first 15 min in art therapy can potentially reveal clients’ preferred ways of processing information or Expressive Therapies Continuum components, attachment patterns in the material handling process, an...

This article presents the structures and functions of three large scale brain networks (LSBN) in cognition and suggests parallels with functioning of the Cognitive and Symbolic components of the Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC). Comparisons explored include connectivity in adaptive functioning, disconnection in psychopathology, and compensation...

This study examined the explanation for the found causal relationship between art therapy and positive therapeutic effects, in a previously conducted randomised controlled trial (RCT) with personality disorders cluster B/C. In-depth interviews were used to collect the data, in order to examine the experience without preconceived notions or expectat...

The 2013 revision of the Ethical Principles for Art Therapists added creativity as a core value underlying the profession. At the same time, the ethical principles also included a nondiscrimination clause to protect the interests of nonnormative clients. In this article I explore creativity as a basic human right, promoted through freedom of artist...

The Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC) is a model that helps explain how people interact with art media to process information and form images. The ETC provides a framework for understanding the use of materials and processes in art assessment and art therapy. The model is a developmental hierarchy that is hypothesized to reflect brain and body f...

The field of art therapy is based on a few basic assumptions that only recently have achieved some degree of research-based support. This chapter will examine three assumptions that underlie the field of art therapy and their relations to art therapy theory and practice. One assumption has to do with the use of art in assessment and the extent to w...

Art therapists are obliged to understand media properties in order to safeguard clients' well-being and to promote excellent therapeutic outcomes. This chapter explores media properties, media fit, and unconventional media uses in art therapy. Directions for future research are proposed in each subject area. Art therapy has proved to be effective i...

The Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC) is a theoretical and practical structure to describe the ways in which clients process information during their interactions with art materials. The means by which clients use art materials to form images in art therapy are reflective of the ways that they think, feel, and act in their lives, and thus give i...

Using the metaphor of the human life cycle, the author of this viewpoint suggests that consideration of the birth, life, and death of images made in art therapy may promote a new perspective on their ethical treatment. A developmental view of images encourages art therapists to see art images as living entities that undergo a natural life cycle. Th...

Assessment is the foundation for conceptualizing effective interventions. Due to their nonverbal nature, art therapy assessments have an advantage over traditional verbal assessments in some populations and potentially across cultures. This pilot study provides preliminary reliability data to support the cross-cultural use of the Formal Elements Ar...

Ethics courses may provoke fear and uncertainty in art therapy students and practitioners if taught from a risk management perspective, which focuses on reducing therapist exposure to risk and avoiding harm to clients. In contrast, a positive ethical approach fosters empowerment, embraces limits, and enhances trust between art therapists and their...

Expressive Therapies Continuum is distinctive in its application as a foundational theory in the field of art therapy. First developed by Vija Lusebrink, this theory can be used by persons of any theoretical orientation, and has the ability to unite art therapists of varying backgrounds. The information contained in this book demonstrates how the E...

Performing art therapy competently and avoiding therapist errors requires self-knowledge and continued self-examination. It is my viewpoint that knowledge of the Expressive Therapies Continuum can help guide therapists' continued growth. Understanding the ETC can assist therapists in providing optimal treatment when they understand their own prefer...

This retrospective study of 217 medical students (at one school over an eight-year period) who had sought psychiatric consultation and treatment was designed to verify earlier findings about medical students' psychiatric impairment and to investigate other, more recently highlighted issues. The authors hypothesized that (1) more of the women would...

Recent investigations of Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOAs) have focused on identifying factors associated with psychological resilience and their role in academic achievement. The present study hypothesized that rather than being associated with psychological resilience, academic achievement more likely would be associated with decreased psychol...

A 24-year-old female, diagnosed as bulimia nervosa with night bingeing and rumination, was treated by individual and group behavior therapy. A changing criterion design progressively adjusted the criterion for reinforcement as the treatment obtained diminution of night bingeing. Night bingeing was finally eliminated, without evidence of recurrence...

This article reviews the literature dealing with problems brought by student-athletes to college counseling and mental health centers. Among the issues discussed are fear of success; identity conflict; social isolation; poor athletic performance; academic problems; and career or vocational concerns. In addition, the authors examine the paradox that...

Bulimia is a disorder characterized by binge eating, purgative behavior, and depressed mood following eating binges. Repeated empirical demonstrations of the pervasive quality of the depressive symptomatology characterizing bulimia have led some researchers to hypothesize that bulimia is an affective disorder variant, that is, a form of affective d...

Bulimia is a disorder characterized by binge eating, purgative behavior, and depressed mood following eating binges. Repeated empirical demonstrations of the pervasive quality of the depressive symptomatology characterizing bulimia have led some researchers to hypothesize that bulimia is an affective disorder variant, that is, a form of affective d...