Linhai Jing

Chinese Academy of Sciences | CAS · Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth

Multispectral-sensor images are advantageous in terms of discriminating major lithologies due to their high spatial resolution and intermediate spectral resolution, in addition to their low cost and high accessibility in comparison to hyperspectral images. In this study, Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper ™ and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and R...

Recent developments in deep learning (DL) techniques have provided a series of new methods for land cover classification. However, most DL-based methods do not consider the rich spatial association of land cover classes embedded in remote sensing images. In this research, a deep relearning method based on the recurrent neural network (DRRNN) is pro...

Accurate and efficient individual tree species (ITS) classification is the basis of fine forest resource management. It is a challenge to classify individual tree species in dense forests using remote sensing imagery. In order to solve this problem, a new ITS classification method was proposed in this study, in which a hierarchical convolutional ne...

Heavy metal concentrations of Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Hg were investigated for 86 soil samples in Jinzhou near the Bohai Sea in China, in order to identify what anthropological activities influenced their distribution levels. Ordinary cokriging (OCK) was utilized to map six heavy-metal distributions by incorporating their main environmental influen...

Climate change and human activities have caused dramatic impacts on biodiversity. Although a number of international agreements or initiatives have been launched to mitigate the biodiversity loss, the erosion of terrestrial biome habitats is inevitable. Consequently, the identification of potential suitable habitats under climate change and human d...

The reduction of biodiversity loss is one of the targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The protection of endangered species is critical for conserving global biodiversity. Asian elephants，as one of the last few mega-herbivores on Earth, are currently threatened by climate changes and anthropogenic modifications. The modelling of t...

Insufficient data and imperfect methods are the main obstacles to realize Target 11.4 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Very high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing provides a useful tool to elaborate monitor land-cover changes in cultural landscapes so as to evaluate the authenticity and integrity of the cultural heritage sites (CHS). In t...

Individual tree species (ITS) classification is one of the key issues in forest resource management. Compared with traditional classification methods, deep learning networks may yield ITS classification results with higher accuracy. In this research, the U-Net and ResNet networks were combined to form a Res-UNet network by changing the structure of...

Object-based image analysis (OBIA), which has been commonly used for land cover and land use classification, may encounter challenges when satellite images’ spatial resolution achieves at the sub-meter level. An image object may exhibit spectral heterogeneity, causing traditional object-level statistical measures such as mean values of the pixels i...

This paper explores the ability of remote sensing techniques to monitor immovable cultural relics on multiple scales. The Shunji Bridge, a destroyed cultural relic, located in the Jinjiang River Basin, Fujian Province, China, was studied in terms of the environmental factors at the macroscale and the protected cultural site at the microscale. At th...

Heavy metal contamination of soil poses a threat to food chains and human health, particularly in mining areas. This study aims to advance the accuracy of mapping heavy metals in soil by incorporating auxiliary information and to assess the soil contamination risk to local residents in a mining area. Pearson correlation coefficients of environmenta...

The spatial distribution of forest stands is one of the fundamental properties of forests. Timely and accurately obtained stand distribution can help people better understand, manage, and utilize forests. The development of remote sensing technology has made it possible to map the distribution of tree species in a timely and accurate manner. At pre...

Object-based image analysis (OBIA) has been widely used to classify high spatial resolution (HSR) imagery. In a traditional OBIA, object-level statistical summaries such as mean values are usually used for classification. This implies that the spectral values within objects follow a Gaussian distribution. However, the pixel values in an object do n...

With several bands covering iron-bearing mineral spectral features, Sentinel-2 has advantages for iron mapping. However, due to the inconsistent spatial resolution, the sensitivity of Sentinel-2 data to detect iron-bearing minerals may be decreased by excluding the 60 m bands and neglecting the 20 m vegetation red-edge bands. Hence, the capability...

This paper develops a novel hybrid model that integrates three spatial contexts into probabilistic classifiers for remote sensing classification. First, spatial pattern is introduced using multiple-point geostatistics (MPGs) to characterize the general distribution and arrangement of land covers. Second, spatial correlation is incorporated using sp...

Geographical object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) is widely used for the processing of fine spatial resolution images, with increased research on contextual modelling and classification related to GEOBIA. Specifically, a previously developed object-based image classification method, known as geostatistically weighted k-NN (gk-NN) method, has shown...

The Shibanjing ophiolite complex, located in the Mingshui-Shibanjing-Xiaohuangshan ophiolite belt of Beishan collage, is one of the most important components in the Beishan orogenic belt, Inner Mongolia, China. It comprises tectonic slices of ophiolite rocks including mylonitic gabbros, meta-ultramafic rocks, metabasalts, and clastic rock in a matr...

Fusion of high spatial resolution (HSR) multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) images has become a research focus with the development of HSR remote sensing technology. In order to reduce the spectral distortions of fused images, current image fusion methods focus on optimizing the approach used to extract spatial details from the PAN band, or o...

As a source of data continuity between Landsat and SPOT, Sentinel-2 is an Earth observation mission developed by the European Space Agency (ESA), which acquires 13 bands in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) to shortwave infrared (SWIR) range. In this study, a Sentinel-2A imager was utilized to assess its ability to perform lithological classific...

Numerous pansharpening methods were proposed in recent decades for fusing low-spatial-resolution multispectral (MS) images with high-spatial-resolution (HSR) panchromatic (PAN) bands to produce fused HSR MS images, which are widely used in various remote sensing tasks. The effect of misregistration between MS and PAN bands on quality of fused produ...

The segmentation of a high spatial resolution remote sensing image is a critical step in geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA). Evaluating the performance of segmentation without ground truth data, i.e., unsupervised evaluation, is important for the comparison of segmentation algorithms and the automatic selection of optimal parameters. T...

Pansharpening is an important technique used to generate high-quality high-spatial-resolution multispectral (MS) bands by fusing low-spatial-resolution MS bands and a panchromatic (PAN) band obtained by the same sensor. A PAN-modulation (PM)-based pansharpening method taking account of haze, which is referred as Haze- and Ratio- based (HR) method,...

Since WorldView-2 (WV-2) images are widely used in various fields, there is a high demand for the use of high-quality pansharpened WV-2 images for different application purposes. With respect to the novelty of the WV-2 multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) bands, the performances of eight state-of-art pan-sharpening methods for WV-2 imagery inc...

This study explores the ability of WorldView-2 (WV-2) imagery for bamboo mapping in a mountainous region in Sichuan Province, China. A large area of this place is covered by shadows in the image, and only a few sampled points derived were useful. In order to identify bamboos based on sparse training data, the sample size was expanded according to t...

A novel classification method based on multiple-point statistics (MPS) is proposed in this article. The method is a modified version of the spatially weighted k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) classifier, which accounts for spatial correlation through weights applied to neighbouring pixels. The MPS characterizes the spatial correlation between multiple po...

A semi-automatic and hierarchical detection method using only post-event high-resolution (HR) remote sensing imagery for recent shallow landslides that are triggered by an earthquake or a rainfall event, were introduced in this study. Firstly, candidate landslide regions are obtained by extracting objects in light- tone using HR images. Then, shape...

For the purpose of forest management, high resolution LIDAR and optical remote sensing imageries are used for treetop detection, tree crown delineation, and classification. The purpose of this study is to develop a self-adjusted dominant scales calculation method and a new crown horizontal cutting method of tree canopy height model (CHM) to detect...

In this paper, the potential of multiple-point statistics (MPS) for object-based classification is explored using a modified k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) classification method (MPk-NN). The method first utilises a training image derived from a classified map to characterise the spatial correlation between multiple points of land cover classes, overco...

The unmanned Chinese space module Tiangong-1 was launched in September 2011 with a hyperspectral sensor on board. The sensor combines high spatial and spectral resolution suitable for mineral mapping. In this study, Tiangong-1 hyperspectral data were employed for mineral mapping in the western Kunlun Mountains, an important metallogenic belt in Chi...

Water body extraction from remote sensing imagery is an efficient way to investigate and monitor water resources. In the study area of this research, a mountainous plateau near Kashgar, China, sparse vegetation and seasonal rivers affect water body extraction. In order to extract water bodies, a modified water body extraction method is proposed in...

Pansharpening is an important technique that produces high spatial resolution multispectral (MS) images by fusing low spatial resolution MS images and high spatial resolution panchromatic (PAN) images of the same area. Although numerous successful image fusion algorithms have been proposed in the last few decades to reduce the spectral distortions...

A major reason for the spectral distortions of fused images generated by current image-fusion methods is that the fused versions of mixed multispectral (MS) sub-pixels (MSPs) corresponding to panchromatic (PAN) pure pixels remain mixed. The MSPs can be un-mixed spectrally to pure pixels having the same land cover classes in a fine classification ma...

As the basis of object-oriented information extraction from remote sensing imagery,image segmentation using multiple image features,exploiting spatial context information, and by a multi-scale approach are currently the research focuses. Using an optimization approach of the graph theory, an improved multi-scale image segmentation method is propose...

The Neoproterozoic succession in the Aksu region of northwestern China forms an unconformable boundary with the lower Precambrian Aksu basement group and consists of the Qiaoenbrak, Yuermeinak, Sugetbrak, and Chigebrak Formations. The two lowermost units include distinct glaciogenic diamictites that indicate distinct episodes of glaciation. In this...

This paper proposes advanced methods based on multiple-point geostatistical simulations (MPSs) for data fusion in digital elevation models (DEMs). MPS-based methods can capture similar patterns using the spatial correlation residing in the training images and then reproduce the area of interest in terms of spatial patterning through conditional sim...

The Neoproterozoic successions in the Aksu region, NW China, which lies unconformably on the Precambrian Aksu Group basement, comprises the Qiaoenbrak, Yuermeinak, Sugetbrak, and Chigebrak formations (from bottom to top). The two lowermost units include two distinct glacial diamictites, which indicate distinct episodes of glaciations. We report the...

With the development of Hyperspectra and the method of rock-mineral information extraction, several cores were analyzed based on analytical spectral devices (ASD) and rock-mineral information extraction in Wushan-cooper deposit area. Aiming at the low accuracy of mineral identification with hyperspectral data, the present study established regional...

The aim of data conflation is to synergise geospatial information from different sources into a common framework, which can be realised using multivariate geostatistics. Recently, multiple-point geostatistics (MPG) has been proposed for data conflation. Instead of the variogram, MPG borrows structures from the training image, so the spatial correla...

Image segmentation is the basis of object-based information extraction from remote sensing imagery. Image segmentation based on multiple features, multi-scale, and spatial context is one current research focus. The scale parameters selected in the segmentation severely impact on the average size of segments obtained by multi-scale segmentation meth...

A data conflation method was developed based on a multiple-point geostatistical method. Geostatistics can quantify cross-correlation from different sources of data when integrating geospatial information. Multiple-point geostatistics (MPG) is a development of geostatistics. Pattern-based MPG can capture similar patterns using spatial correlation in...

The case study presents an information index model for landslide susceptibility mapping in Tonggu County, Jiangxi Province, China. More than 100 landslides were identified from the 2.5-m fused SPOT imagery, and about 60 percent of them were verified in field investigation. It is proved that the landslides are more likely to occur in granite areas,...

Image segmentation is the basis of object-based information extraction from remote sensing imagery. Image segmentation based on multiple features, multi-resolution, and spatial context is one current research focus. Combining graph theory based optimization with the multi-scale image segmentation framework of the eCognition software, a multi-scale...

In current tree crown delineation from imagery, treetops and three dimensional (3D) radiometric shapes of tree crowns are frequently extracted from a spectral band or a brightness component of the image and taken as references to localize and delineate tree crowns. However, color components of the image are rarely used together with the brightness...

Earthquake-triggered secondary geological hazards usually significantly augment the destruction caused by an earthquake due to their rapid impact, long duration and high repeatability. Seismic disaster losses are often exacerbated and can cause substantial difficulties for rescue, relief and post-disaster reconstruction. The quick acquisition of di...

Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been proved to be suitable for classification of remote sensing image and proposed to overcome the Hughes phenomenon. Hyper-spectral sensors are intrinsically designed to discriminate among a broad range of land cover classes which may lead to high computational time in SVM mutil-class algorithms. Model selection fo...

In current tree crown delineation from LiDAR data, treetops and 3D geometric shapes of tree crowns are frequently extracted from LiDAR-derived Crown Height Model (CHM) and used as references to localize and delineate crowns. However, it is difficult to detect deciduous treetops and delineate deciduous tree crowns. The 3D shape of a crown, which can...

A canopy height model (CHM) derived from lidar data can be segmented to obtain individual tree crowns. However, branches, tree crowns, and tree clusters usually have similar shapes and overlapping sizes. This causes current individual tree crown delineation methods for CHMs to work less effectively on closed canopy deciduous or mixed wood forests c...

In the evaluation of image fusion methods, spatially degraded multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) images are frequently employed as test data sets. The degradation is implemented using either averaging or a combination of low-pass filtering and decimation. However, the decimation operation causes the degraded MS and PAN images to be slightly...

A forest consists of multi-scale branches, tree crowns, and tree clusters. Similar to small tree crowns in shape and scale, branches normally cause over-segmentation of imagery when a watershed segmentation approach is used to segment imagery for tree crown delineation. In order to eliminate such over-segmentation, a new method for individual tree...

Urban landscapes represent one of the most challenging areas for remote sensing analysis due to high spatial and spectral diversities of surface materials involved. High Resolution images (HR, better than 5-m spatial resolution) have a potential for detailed and accurate mapping of urban environment. The objective of this study is to analyze the ef...

a b s t r a c t A forest consists of multi-scale branches, tree crowns, and tree clusters. Similar to small tree crowns in shape and scale, branches normally cause over-segmentation of imagery when a watershed segmentation approach is used to segment imagery for tree crown delineation. In order to eliminate such over-segmen-tation, a new method for...

In image fusion of different spatial resolution multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) images, a spectrally mixed MS pixel superimposes multiple mixed PAN pixels and multiple pure PAN pixels. This verifies that with increased spatial resolution in imaging, a low spatial resolution spectrally mixed subpixel may be unmixed to be a pure pixel. Howe...

In the phenology of pixels, as the end-member proportions of a pixel vary with the progression of seasons, the pixel changes through different versions. In the image fusion of a low spatial resolution multiresolution (MS) pixel, multiple high spatial resolution fused pixels are generated. The original MS pixel and each fused pixel superimpose over...

In an image fusion process, the spatial detail in a panchromatic pixel is injected into the corresponding n-band multispectral (MS) subpixel to yield a synthetic pixel. The synthetic pixel can be regarded as the sum of three terms: the MS subpixel, a shift term, and a product of the spatial detail and an n-dimensional (n-D) spectral change vector....