Linda Levi

• PhD
• Managing Director at CGI Math Teacher Learning Center

The authors present a new view of the relationship between learning fractions and learning algebra that (1) emphasizes the conceptual continuities between whole-number arithmetic and fractions; and (2)shows how the fundamental properties of operations and equality that form the foundations of algebra are used naturally by children in their strategi...

A yearlong experimental study showed positive effects of a professional development project that involved 19 urban elementary schools, 180 teachers, and 3735 students from one of the lowest performing school districts in California. Algebraic reasoning as generalized arithmetic and the study of relations was used as the centerpiece for work with te...

We have characterized what we callrelational thinking to include looking at expressions and equations in their entirety rather than as procedures to be carried out step by step. For the last 8 years, we have been studying how to provide opportunities for students to engage in relational thinking in elementary classrooms and how to use relational th...

This study documents how teachers who participated in a professional development program on understanding the development of students’ mathematical thinking continued to implement the principles of the program 4 years after it ended. Twenty-two teachers participated in follow-up interviews and classroom observations. All 22 teachers maintained some...

Gender equity in mathematics education is a complex issue. Although males and females take similar mathematics classes and achieve similar scores on standardized tests throughout the K–12 school years (Kimball 1989; National Science Board 1998), males' participation in mathematics after high school is far greater than females' (National Science Boa...

This report describes a research project that investigated how to design instruction to help children take the step to generalizing and formalizing their knowledge into powerful abstract systems for representing and operating mathematical ideas. The studies build on existing research on cognitively guided instruction (CGI). The goal of this paper i...

"In Brief" focuses on K-12 mathematics and science research and implications for policymakers, educators, and researchers seeking to improve student learning and achievement This brief highlights the learning gains of 240 elementary students involved in a long-term study in Madison, Wisconsin and their remarkable ability to reason with arithmetic i...

Discusses the concept of equality, which is a crucial idea for developing algebraic reasoning in young children. Explores young children's understanding and misconceptions about the "equals" sign, and relates the experiences one teacher had helping children better understand the sign. (ASK)

This study examined changes in the beliefs and instruction of 21 primary grade teachers over a 4-year period in which the teachers participated in a CGI (Cognitively Guided Instruction) teacher development program that focused on helping the teachers understand the development of children's mathematical thinking by interacting with a specific resea...

This study examined changes in the beliefs and instruction of 21 primary grade teachers over a 4-year period in which the teachers participated in a CGI (Cognitively Guided Instruction) teacher development program that focused on helping the teachers understand the development of children's mathematical thinking by interacting with a specific resea...