Linda Carroll

University of Alberta | UAlberta · School of Public Health

Objective Few clinical prediction models are available to clinicians to predict the recovery of patients with post-collision neck pain and associated disorders. We aimed to develop evidence-based clinical prediction models to predict (1) self-reported recovery and (2) insurance claim closure from neck pain and associated disorders (NAD) caused or a...

Objectives To develop an evidence‐based guideline for the non‐invasive management of soft tissue disorders of the shoulder (shoulder pain), excluding major pathology. Methods This guideline is based on high‐quality evidence from seven systematic reviews. Multidisciplinary experts considered the evidence of effectiveness, safety, cost‐effectiveness...

Background Preoperative anemia is a common comorbidity that often necessitates allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT). As there is a risk associated with blood transfusions, preoperative intravenous iron (IV) has been proposed to increase the hemoglobin to reduce perioperative transfusion; however, randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating this...

Objectives This pragmatic, cluster, stratified randomised controlled trial (RCT) compared the quantity and quality of adverse event (AE) reports after chiropractic manual therapy in children less than 14 years of age, using active versus passive surveillance reporting systems. Method Data were collected between November 2014 and July 2017 from 60...

Purpose The prognosis of persistent back pain is variable, with some individuals adjusting poorly and others continuing to actively engage in work and other valued social roles. The aim of this study was to better understand why some individuals, despite persistent back pain, continue to actively engage in work and other valued social roles. Method...

Objectives: (1) Determine the one-week prevalence of moderate to extreme symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression in chiropractic undergraduate students. (2) Determine whether the prevalence varies across gender and year of study. Participants: Undergraduate students at the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC). Methods: A cross-sectional...

Purpose: To update the findings of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000–2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders (Neck Pain Task Force) on prognostic factors for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) outcomes. Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic review and best-evidence synthesis. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CIN...

Purpose To determine the reliability and validity of self-reported questionnaires to measure pain and disability in adults with grades I–IV neck pain and its associated disorders (NAD). Methods We updated the systematic review of the 2000–2010 Bone and Joint Decade Task Force on Neck Pain and its Associated Disorders and systematically searched da...

Objectives To develop an evidence‐based guideline for the non‐pharmacological management of persistent headaches associated with neck pain (i.e., tension‐type or cervicogenic). Methods This guideline is based on systematic reviews of high‐quality studies. A multidisciplinary expert panel considered the evidence of clinical benefits, cost‐effective...

Purpose: This population-based cohort study investigated the association between a lifetime history of a low back injury in a motor vehicle collision (MVC) and future troublesome low back pain. Participants with a history of a low back injury in a motor vehicle collision who had recovered (no or mild low back pain) were compared to those without a...

Background Patient safety performance can be assessed with several systems, including passive and active surveillance. Passive surveillance systems provide opportunity for health care personnel to confidentially and voluntarily report incidents, including adverse events, occurring in their work environment. Active surveillance systems systematicall...

Background context: Of the three broad outcome domains of body functions and structures, activities, and participation (e.g., engaging in valued social roles) outlined in the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), it has been argued that participation is the most important to ind...

We conducted a systematic review of guidelines on the management of low back pain (LBP) to assess their methodological quality and guide care. We synthesized guidelines on the management of LBP published from 2005 to 2014 following best evidence synthesis principles. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, DARE, National Health Ser...

Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional survey was to evaluate attitudes and opinions of doctors of chiropractic (DCs) specializing in pediatric care toward patient safety. Methods: The Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality was adapted for providers who use spinal manipulation th...

Purpose: Depression is a common condition in adults with low back pain (LBP), and is associated with poorer patient outcomes. Social support is a modifiable factor that may influence depressive symptoms in people with LBP and, if so, could be a consideration in LBP management when depression is an issue. The aim of this study was to examine social...

Purpose To update findings of the 2000–2010 Bone and Joint Decade Task Force on Neck Pain and its Associated Disorders and evaluate the effectiveness of non-invasive and non-pharmacological interventions for the management of patients with headaches associated with neck pain (i.e., tension-type, cervicogenic, or whiplash-related headaches). Methods...

Purpose: To develop an evidence-based guideline for the management of grades I-III neck pain and associated disorders (NAD). Methods: This guideline is based on recent systematic reviews of high-quality studies. A multidisciplinary expert panel considered the evidence of effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness, societal and ethical values, and...

Background: Expecting to recover from a musculoskeletal injury is associated with actual recovery. Expectations are potentially modifiable, although it is not well understood how injured persons formulate expectations. A better understanding of this may lead to better knowledge about how interventions might be implemented, what to intervene on and...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if time to claim closure was similar to time to self-reported recovery in a no fault motor vehicle collision insurance system. Method: A prospective cohort of traffic injured adults with a whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) was assembled. We excluded participants who applied for benefits after...

Study Design Systematic review. Background Acupuncture is a commonly used treatment for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs); however, little is known about the effectiveness of acupuncture therapies for the management of MSDs. Objective To summarize and evaluate the available research on the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapies for MSDs o...

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of passive physical modalities for the management of soft tissue injuries of the elbow. Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1990 to 2015. Studies meeting our selection criteria were eligible for critical appraisal. R...

Objective: The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to explore the experiences of persons who were injured in traffic collisions and seek their recommendations for the development of clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the management of minor traffic injuries. Methods: Patients receiving care for traffic injuries were recruited from 4 clinics...

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of multimodal care for the management of soft tissue injuries of the lower extremity. Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1990 to 2015. Random pairs of independent revie...

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of exercise for the management of soft tissue injuries of the hip, thigh, and knee. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL Plus with Full Text from January 1...

Objective: To determine whether the results from previous research suggesting that early intensive health care delays recovery from whiplash-associated disorders (WAD), was confounded by expectations of recovery and whether the association between early health care intensity and time-to-recovery varies across patterns of health care. Design: A p...

Background context: In 2008, the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and its Associated Disorders (Neck Pain Task Force) found limited evidence on the effectiveness of manual therapies, passive physical modalities, or acupuncture for the management of whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) or neck pain and associated disorders (NA...

Preoperative anemia is a common and potentially serious hematological problem in elective surgery and increases the risk for perioperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Transfusion is associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Preoperative intravenous (IV) iron therapy has been proposed as an intervention to reduce perioperative tra...

Study Design Systematic review. Background Little is known about the effectiveness of acupuncture therapies for musculoskeletal disorders. Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapies for musculoskeletal disorders of the extremities. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register...

A reporting and learning system is a method of monitoring the occurrence of incidents that affect patient safety. This cross-sectional survey asked pediatric chiropractors about factors that may limit their participation in such a system. The list of potential barriers for participation was developed using a systematic approach. All members of the...

The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of passive physical modalities compared to other interventions, placebo/sham interventions, or no intervention in improving self-rated recovery, functional recovery, clinical outcomes and/or administrative outcomes (eg, time of disability benefits) in adults and/or children wi...

Abstract Purpose This population-based cohort study investigated the association between a lifetime history of a work-related low back injury, in those who had recovered to have no or mild low back pain, and the development of troublesome low back pain (LBP). A secondary analysis explored the possible effects of misclassification of the exposure by...

The purpose of this study was to critically appraise and synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of noninvasive interventions, excluding pharmacological treatments, for musculoskeletal thoracic pain. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case-control studies evaluating the effectiveness of noninvasive interventions were eligible...

To evaluate the effectiveness of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the management of neck pain and associated disorders (NAD), whiplash-associated disorders, and non-specific low back pain (LBP) with or without radiculopathy. We systematically searched six databases from 2000 to 2014. Random pairs of independent reviewers criticall...

Exercise is a key component of rehabilitation for soft tissue injuries of the shoulder; however its effectiveness remains unclear. Determine the effectiveness of exercise for shoulder pain. We searched seven databases from 1990 to 2015 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort and case control studies comparing exercise to other interventions...

Soft tissue injuries of the leg, ankle, or foot are common and often treated by exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of exercise for the management of soft tissue injuries of the leg, ankle, or foot. A systematic review of the literature was conducted. We searched five databases from 1990 to 2015. Relevant articles...

Background Traffic collisions often result in a wide range of symptoms included in the umbrella term whiplash-associated disorders. Mid-back pain (MBP) is one of these symptoms. The incidence and prognosis of different traffic injuries and their related conditions (e.g. neck pain, low back pain, depression or others) has been investigated previousl...

Summary of Background Data Current evidence suggests that neck pain is negatively associated with health related quality of life (HRQoL). However, these studies are cross-sectional and do not inform the association between neck pain and future HRQoL. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between increasing grades of...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of low back pain (LBP) on future health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Current evidence suggests that individuals with LBP have poorer HRQoL than those without LBP. However, most of the evidence comes from cross-sectional studies where LBP and HRQoL are determined at the same time....

Background: Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal condition in the general population. Passive physical modalities are commonly used to treat shoulder pain. However, previous systematic reviews reported conflicting results. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of passive physical modalities for the management of s...

Sutton D, Côté P, Wong JJ, Varatharajan S, Randhawa K, Yu H, Southerst D, Shearer HM, van der Velde G, Nordin, Carroll LJ, Mior S, Taylor-Vaisey A, Stupar M.

Objective: To evaluate the methodological quality and synthesize recommendations of evidence-based guidelines for the management of common traffic injuries. Study design: We conducted a systematic review and best evidence synthesis of guidelines on musculoskeletal injuries, psychological disorders and mild traumatic brain injuries (MTBI) from 19...

The aim of this cohort study was to investigate the association between self-reported cardiovascular disorders (CVD) and recovery from whiplash associated disorder (WAD) after a traffic collision. This study was based on the Saskatchewan Government Insurance cohort, including individuals over 18 years of age, who made a traffic- injury claim or rec...

Objective To examine whether use of FCE leads to better outcomes for injured workers. Functional capacity evaluations (FCE) are commonly used to identify work abilities and to inform return-to-work (RTW) decisions. FCE results therefore have important consequences. Design A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted with analysis at level o...

In 2008, the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders recommended patient education for the management of neck pain. However, the effectiveness of education interventions has recently been challenged. To update findings of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Diso...

Objective To describe the 1-year course of symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) sustained in a motor vehicle collision as well as patterns of care-seeking. Design One-year follow-up of a population-based inception cohort. Setting The province of Saskatchewan, Canada, with a population of about 1,000,000 inhabitants. Participants...

To synthesize the best available evidence on return to work (RTW) after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). MEDLINE and other databases were searched (2001-2012) with terms including "craniocerebral trauma" and "employment." Reference lists of eligible articles were also searched. Controlled trials and cohort and case-control studies were selected...

The International Collaboration on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI) Prognosis performed a comprehensive search and critical review of the literature from 2001 to 2012 to update the 2002 best-evidence synthesis conducted by the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Neurotrauma, Prevention, Management and Rehabilitation Task Force on t...

Objective To update the mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) prognosis review published by the World Health Organization Task Force in 2004. Data Sources MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched from 2001 to 2012. We included published, peer-reviewed studies with more than 30 adult cases. Study Selection Controlled trials an...

Objective To synthesize the best available evidence on objective outcomes after adult mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Data Sources MEDLINE and other databases were searched (2001-2012) for studies related to MTBI. Inclusion criteria included published, peer-reviewed articles in English and other languages. References were also identified from t...

Objective To synthesize the best available evidence on prognosis after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Data Sources We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus (2001–2012), as well as reference lists of eligible articles, and relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Study Selection Controlled trials and coho...

Objective To synthesize the best available evidence regarding psychosocial consequences of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) in children. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus were searched (2001–2012). Inclusion criteria included published peer-reviewed reports in English, French, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish, and Danish...

Objective To synthesize the best available evidence on prognosis after sport concussion. Data Sources MEDLINE and other databases were searched (2001–2012) with terms including “craniocerebral trauma” and “sports.” Reference lists of eligible articles were also searched. Study Selection Randomized controlled trials and cohort and case-control stu...

Objective The World Health Organization Collaborating Centre Task Force on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI) published its findings on the prognosis of MTBI in 2004. This is an update of that review with a focus on deployed military personnel. Data Sources Relevant literature published between January 2001 and February 2012 listed in MEDLINE and...

Objective To determine the incidence, course, and prognosis of adult mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) caused by motor vehicle collisions. Design Prospective, population-based, inception cohort study. Setting The province of Saskatchewan, Canada, with a population of about 1,000,000 inhabitants. Participants All adults (N=1716) incurring an MTB...

In 2008, the Neck Pain Task Force (NPTF) recommended exercise for the management of neck pain and whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). However, no evidence was available on the effectiveness of exercise for grade III neck pain or WAD. Moreover, limited evidence was available to contrast the effectiveness of various types of exercises. To update the...

Purpose: We conducted a systematic review to critically appraise and synthesize literature on the effectiveness of work disability prevention (WDP) interventions in workers with neck pain, whiplash-associated disorders (WAD), or upper extremity disorders. Methods: We searched electronic databases from 1990 to 2012. Random pairs of independent re...

Although vehicular violence is prevalent in North America, it is difficult to document because it is typically recorded as a violent act, without reference to the use of a vehicle, or as an "accident" or a traffic violation. It occurs anywhere in the motor vehicle transportation system when the vehicle is intentionally used as a weapon; as the supp...

Community development has become the new buzz in the social and health sciences. Although community development has been an important subject for deliberation and study for several decades, within the past ten years or so it has become politically correct and even fashionable to include mention of community development in government parlance, econo...

Community development has become the new buzz in the social and health sciences. Although community development has been an important subject for deliberation and study for several decades, within the past ten years or so it has become politically correct and even fashionable to include mention of community development in government parlance, econo...

Purpose: Functional capacity evaluations (FCE) are used to identify work abilities and are commonly integrated into rehabilitation programs. We studied whether integrating FCE into rehabilitation leads to better outcomes for injured workers. Methods: A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted at a workers' compensation rehabilitation fa...

Detailed knowledge about the interrelationship between neck pain, back pain and psychological distress is important from a public health prospective, but missing due to lack of large population-based cohort studies. The aims of the study were 1) to assess and compare the sex-specific recovery rate of spinal pain and psychological distress as single...

The clinical syndrome of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a commonly diagnosed lumbar condition associated with pain and disability. Psychological factors, including depression, also affect these and other health-related outcomes. Yet, the prognostic value of depression specifically in the context of LSS is unclear. The aim of this systematic review...

Given the challenges of chronic musculoskeletal pain and disability, establishing a clear prognosis in the acute stage has become increasingly recognized as a valuable approach to mitigate chronic problems. Neck pain represents a condition that is common, potentially disabling, and has a high rate of transition to chronic or persistent problems. As...

Supplementary material is available on the publisher’s web site along with the published article.

A systematic review/meta-analysis of literature addressing a possible association between traumatic injury and onset of multiple sclerosis was conducted. Medline, Embase, Cochrane DSR, Ovid HealthStar, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science and Scopus were searched for analytical studies from 1950 to 2011. Two investigators independently reviewed articles for...

Objective: Coping is shown to affect outcomes in chronic pain patients; however, few studies have examined the role of coping in the course of recovery in whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of coping style for 2 key aspects of WAD recovery, reductions in neck pain, and in disability...

Background Patients with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) have a generally favourable prognosis, yet some develop longstanding pain and disability. Predicting who will recover from WAD shortly after a traffic collision is very challenging for health care providers such as physical therapists. Therefore, we aimed to develop a prediction model for...

Purpose: Pain coping is important in health outcomes. In the current literature, pain coping usually means those goal-directed strategies to manage pain. The study goal was to explore what personal meaning "coping" has for work-disabled individuals in pain. Method: Qualitative, in depth interviews with follow-up verification interviews were cond...

To use quantitative data characterizing whiplash-associated disorder (WAD)-related pain beliefs over time to develop qualitative analysis exploring experiences informing these beliefs. A mixed-method design was used. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently at baseline and 3 and 6 months postmotor vehicle collision. WAD-related...

Pain caused by a work injury is a complex phenomenon comprising multiple factors, e.g. age, gender, prior health status, occupation, job demands, and severity of injury. Little research has focused on injured workers with chronic pain. This study investigates injured workers' pain coping. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to measu...