Lincoln Fry

ATINER (Athens Institute for Education and Research) · Sociology and Medicine Research Units

This paper is a continuation of a larger study which assesses hunger in African countries. The purpose of these papers in this is to look at the scope of hunger in countries and then to identify the factors that predict hunger in each individual country. This is the 5th paper in the series and is concerned with hunger in Madagascar, one of Africa’s...

p> Hunger is a worldwide problem, and Africa is the continent with the world’s highest percentage of hungry persons; Burundi is Africa’s hungriest country. This paper addresses hunger in Burundi and then identifies the factors that predict hunger in that country. Burundi is a rural country and its rural population will receive a great deal of atten...

p> Introduction: This paper addresses systematic corruption in Cameroon. Based on the literature review and a previous study, the research question was “does a culture of bribery exist in Cameroon, and what are its predictors? Method and materials : Data for this study was collected by the Afrobarometer project from 1,200 Cameroonian respondents Ba...

Abstract - A continuing debate has been the roles and responsibilities of anthropologists acting as fieldworkers concerning espionage and covert research. As Ratha (2013) indicated, the ethical foundations of scientific anthropology are the basis upon which fieldworkers develop a genuine and committed empathy for the people they study. Fieldworkers...

Background: This paper responds to the call for an extensive research agenda to be developed and designed to identify, plan and then implement prevention programmes with respect to violent crime in South Africa. This study began that process by identifying the factors that predict violence, and then attempting to interpret the implications for viol...

Background: Violence is a major public health issue, globally as well as in the African continent. This paper looks at Nigeria and begins the process of identifying the factors that predict interpersonal violence in that country. The purpose is to interpret the implications of the results presented here for violence prevention programmes in Nigeria...

Wouters et al. (2010) critiqued the prospects of success for South Africa's new National Strategic Plan (NSP) for HIV/AIDS; they stressed the need to mobilize people living with HIV/AIDS and their communities in order to implement the comprehensive HIV/AIDS strategy. Utilizing the South African sample from the Fourth Round of the Afrobarometer surv...

The stated purposes of this paper are twofold: 1) to build upon Bales’ (2007) earlier paper regarding the factors that predict human trafficking by adding transit countries to the analysis, which included origin and destination countries; and, 2) to demonstrate the efficacy of using the Global Programme Against Trafficking (GPAT) database sponsored...

The five-dimension scale of professionalism developed hy Hall and revised by Snizek was used to assess the level of professionalism among the members of three small law enforcement agencies. Conceptually it is unclear whether “professionalism” is what the scale is measuring, and technically there are problems of wording and redundancy on some of th...

Based upon research in an alcoholism treatment organization, the study explores the impact of interdisciplinary team treatment on organizational participants and structure. The findings suggest that alternate organizational arrangements are necessary for organizations which use the team method. The implications of team treatment for professionals w...

The literature suggests that the extent to which osteopathic physicians actually use osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) and the factors that predict the use of OMT remain virtually unexplored. A mailed survey of practicing osteopathic physicians was used to query respondents about their use of OMT and about the effects of a number of factors...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and pretest/posttest counseling are central components in prevention efforts in the United States. Yet, not all persons return for their test results and posttest counseling. Based on an exploratory study at four community health centers in South Florida, the authors determined the percentage of patients w...

Osteopathic medical schools are in an excellent position to cooperate with managed care providers because of an overlap of their common objectives. The authors maintain that osteopathic medical schools and managed care providers need to work together to promote integrated graduate medical education-managed care systems or face the possibility of be...

School counselors (SCNs) must comply with state statutes that require them to report suspected cases of child abuse, but this is only the beginning of the process for the SCN. The roles of the SCN in the process that follows the report include informant, counselor to the victim or perpetrator, employee, liaison with others involved in the case, cou...

Based on three years of direct observation and an inmate survey in a minimum-security prison in California, this article argues the need to develop an ecological-environmental approach to examining inmate adaptions. Toch's (1977) Prison Preference Inventory (PPI), which elicits inmate preferences and concerns, was the study's primary data collectio...

Based on fieldwork and an employee survey conducted in three California prisons, this paper discusses the work responsibilities of correctional counselors and compares their work adjustment to other prison personnel. Counselors were described as primarily casework services providers and similar to the other uniformed staff included in the study in...

Based on the analysis of archival data collected on over 175,000 inmates, Cox et al. (1984) suggested that prison overcrowding effects can and should be studied at the prison system level. Further, they implied that crowding research conducted at the individual prison level is no longer necessary or meaningful. This article reports on the way a sin...

Fieldwork and some survey questions in studying staff of three California prisons supported literature claiming that male staff are negatively oriented toward female employees, and that both women staff and women's prisons receive low priority from male-dominated state agencies. Yet the study's questionnaire survey of 1300 prison employees revealed...

Sykes' conclusion from qualitative study of the New Jersey State Prison in the 1950s that the authority of guards is corrupted by inmates was challenged in the 1980s by Lom-bardo with what we argue was inappropriate statistical data from New York's Auburn prison, and confirmed by Hewitt, Poole and Regoli in their quantitative survey of the federal...

Social thought on alcoholism can be classified into various traditions, all of which have ignored the literature on social movements. In the instance of what is known as the disease model, critics claim the approach ultimately blames the alcoholic. The argument is presented that the social movement perspective suggests that the victim of what passe...

Based upon 14 months of participant observation in a patient-run drug rehabilitation program located in a mental hospital, this paper is concerned with the impact of certain kinds of funding arrangements upon self-help programs. The findings reported support Cloward and Piven's (1974) contention that large research grants reflect the interests of p...

Industrial and occupational surveys frequently report differences in subjective reactions to work depending on the respondent's organizational rank. In this study, differences by rank in responses to items measuring job satisfaction and work strain were studied in three law enforcement organizations. Contrasting predictions were derived from an ind...

The members of two law enforcement agencies (n's = 78 and 159) participated in an organizational survey that linked perceptions of social exchange processes to subjective evaluations of work. It was found that members' evaluations of the distributions of influence, respect, and solidarity, all measured by a modified control graph technique, leave d...

This paper describes the history of a law enforcement educational program (LEEP) in a small private college. This venture was characterized by conflicts over the educational mission of the program, intense rivalries between program factions, and student alienation. These problems, and the decision of the college finally to implement a competing pro...

Women face consistent disadvantages in their experiences in organizations, as evidenced by inequities in interpersonal attractiveness, social isolation, job satisfaction, and work strain. The question raised is whether these disadvantages are due simply to differences in access to key organizational resources (expertise, professional rank, and auth...

This case study explores some major sources of ineffectiveness which plagued an innovative alcoholism treatment program located in a skid row mission. The findings identify ambiguous and competing goals, conflicting vested interests, conflicts over organizational resources, and a lack of treatment technology as major sources of ineffectiveness. The...

The contributions that participant observation can make to the area of program evaluation are analyzed, based on research in a therapeutic drug community. Participant observation is approached from the notion of strategies of participation, namely: (1) gaining access to data; (2) evoking behavior; (3) identifying psychologically with the people bei...

An earlier case study confirmed some elements of a social-psychological formulation of Weber's organizational model and discontinued others. Close relationships among authority, control, formal training, and legitimacy were found, but impersonality was not characteristic of the organization, and no evidence was found to link organizational knowledg...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Southern California, 1973. Typewritten. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-134).