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415
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Introduction
Lieven Vandevelde (1968, Eeklo, Belgium) is senior full professor at the Electrical Energy Laboratory of Ghent University, Belgium, where he coordinates the electric power systems research in which the grid integration of renewable energy, electric flexibility and power system control play an important role.
Additional affiliations
October 1997 - September 2004
October 1992 - September 1997
Publications
Publications (415)
Following the urgency of climate change issues, investments in renewable energy sources and electrification of the transportation sector have enormously increased to facilitate the transition to a more sustainable future. However, as renewable resources like wind parks are replacing conventional power plants, new balancing solutions are required to...
Improving power system flexibility by responsive demand is essential for integrating wind energy with a high level of variability in power systems. Carbon dioxide-based chemical processes as energy-intensive industrial loads may offer a vast potential of new forms of flexible operation due to their existing control infrastructure and storage capabi...
Wind power has emerged as a clean alternative to traditional power production, with a significant increase in its installed capacity observed over the past decade. In numerous regions, wind power producers are now afforded the opportunity to participate in day-ahead energy and reserve markets. In this context, the wind turbines can provide ancillar...
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser stands as a promising candidate for sustainable hydrogen production from renewable energy sources (RESs). Given the fluctuating nature of RESs, accurate modelling of the PEM electrolyser is crucial. Nonetheless, complex models of the PEM electrolyser demand substantial time and resource investments when i...
The study deals with the techno-enviro-economic aspects of hydrogen production using polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysers powered by a hybrid grid-connected tidal-wind energy system. System modelling is presented initially. The energy management strategies for hydrogen production are then analysed as rule-based approach and as optimised appro...
Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs) have emerged as a promising energy storage technology, offering scalability, long cycle life, and enhanced safety features. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of VRFB performance metrics, shedding light on their efficiency, and self-discharge rates. Beyond performance evaluation, the paper explores a...
The article proposes a novel hybrid control (HC) scheme that integrates grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) functionalities within a single voltage source inverter (VSI). This HC system serves as the primary control layer, enabling voltage and frequency regulation, providing essential grid support services, and ensuring precise tracking of...
In this research, the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) in grid-connected energy storage systems centering on frequency and power sharing using voltage source inverters was evaluated. VRFBs are increasingly promising due to their scalability and long lifespan. We explore the impact of voltage source inverters on the frequency of...
This paper presents a scheme for the production of green molecules at sea. Since RESs exhibit a fluctuating output power, their intermittency could be effectively accommodated by using electrolysers. This study focuses on the production of green molecules at sea, taking advantage of the benefits offered by the seawater. To this end, the feed water...
A low-voltage DC (LVDC) backbone with a battery energy storage system (BESS) and distributed photovoltaics (PV) is proven to be a more efficient alternative compared to the traditional AC architecture. However, previous research has also proven the fact that the benefit strongly depends on the operating voltage level. In this study, a dynamic backb...
This study proposes a novel operation strategy for wind farms' optimal Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) provision that simultaneously distributes FCR and optimally controls wake formation. The power reserve allocation is dynamically decided at the wind farm supervisory control level, considering the intermittent wind power and direction, grid fr...
To achieve seamless integration of grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) capabilities in a single voltage-source inverter (VSI) under islanded conditions, this study introduces a unified hybrid control (UHC) scheme with minimal control parameters and measurement sensors. The UHC scheme enables a single voltage-controlled VSI to effectively em...
This article analyzes circulating current control in single-phase power electronic converters, focusing on two different topologies: interleaved and parallel configurations. The study involves a bridgeless interleaving topology with two boost converters for increased efficiency. A parallel connection is also examined for monitoring line current, ci...
Due to the growing penetration of renewables, Wind Turbines (WT) are becoming increasingly crucial for grid balancing services, such as Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR). This study proposes an adaptive operational strategy that optimally accommodates the power reserve and controls the active power based on grid frequency uncertainties and stocha...
The components of an operational wind turbine are continuously impacted by both static and dynamic loads. Regular inspections and maintenance are required to keep these components healthy. The main bearing of a wind turbine is one such component that experiences heavy loading forces during operation. These forces depend on various parameters such a...
In this paper, a new bridgeless single-phase AC–DC power factor corrector is presented. The proposed scheme is based on the interleaved topology of buck–boost converter without a bridge rectifier at the input stage for AC–DC conversion. The required AC–DC conversion is done with the help of the interleaved topology of the buck–boost converter. The...
A novel technique for accuracy improvement of the Variable Reluctance Linear resolvers (VR-L resolvers) is investigated in this paper. A well-known structure and calculation correcting factor are applied to propose a VR-L resolvers model with higher accuracy. A periodic Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is employed with a shorter processing time. The m...
Offshore wind farms are constantly growing in many countries around the globe and are becoming responsible for a significant part of electricity generation. Transmission system operators require these sustainable sources to contribute to ancillary services such as frequency containment reserve. Consequently, offshore wind farms are needed to tempor...
Rectifiers are required by the devices connected to the distribution end of the electrical power networks for AC/DC conversion. The line current becomes non-sinusoidal when a capacitor with a significant value is used to mitigate the output voltage ripple. This type of converter emulates a non-resistive impedance to the grid, due to which a bend oc...
Electricity markets around the world are opening up to a greater contribution from wind power producers (WPPs). In this regard, WPPs are incentivised to participate in both energy and reserve market floors while being responsible for real-time deviations from their submitted bids. Therefore, despite uncertainties in wind speed and system frequency,...
The demand-side contribution to grid frequency regulation is becoming increasingly important due to the growing penetration of renewable energy in the power system. Among energy-intensive industrial loads, chemical plants have a high potential to offer grid balancing services due to their existing control infrastructure and storage capabilities. Ho...
A Pulse Width Modulation method is presented
in this paper for the harmonics and circulating current
reduction in the power converters system. The power converter
considered for this research work is a boost converter connected
in an interleaved topology in a single setup. The Common-Mode
Circulating Current CMCC are studied in detail in this
inter...
One of the biggest challenges today is how net-zero
carbon emission pathways for the industry will evolve by 2050.
The solution space includes heavy utilisation of renewables for the
electrification of industrial processes and the use of renewable
molecules. It is expected that more than 200 GW of offshore
wind power will be installed in the North...
This paper presents a pricing optimisation framework for energy, reserve, and load scheduling of a power system considering demand response (DR). The proposed scheduling framework is formulated as a reliability-constrained unit commitment program to minimise the power system operation costs by finding optimal electricity prices and optimal incentiv...
As the need for a sustainable economy rightly drives the share of renewable energy, electric grids and supporting infrastructure must flexibly adapt. As valuable building blocks in integrated systems, battery energy storage systems (BESSs) can provide the required flexibility for energy and power applications. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are emergi...
This paper describes a double-sided variable reluctance linear (DSVRL) resolver, which has been analyzed by the Finite Element Method (FEM). One of the crucial challenges in this type of resolver is their inaccuracies under mechanical faults. As a solution, a double-sided topology reveals better performance compared to the conventional systems. The...
With tip height often above 200 meters, currently installed wind turbines are increasingly interacting with the atmospheric boundary layer. Therefore, the research intends to develop a new dynamic wake model that considers weather transient inputs. The Flow Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) framework has been proven to be a powerfu...
The participation of wind farms in providing ancillary services is an asset for the power system and one way to maintain a strong grid with the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. Research has shown this to be feasible for wind farms by using efficient prediction and sophisticated control systems. In some parts of the world, strict...
A novel linear resolver (L-Resolver) is proposed in this article. The excitation and signals windings are placed on the mover, and the stator structure is designed by a certain number of teeth/slots per the mover length. Therefore, the proposed structure is more simple compared to other resolver types and causes a low price structure. A flexible ma...
This article presents an application of neural network-based Model Predictive Control (MPC) to improve the wind turbine control system's performance in providing ancillary services to the grid. A closed-loop Hammerstein structure is used to approximate the behavior of a 5MW floating offshore wind turbine with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generato...
In this paper, a new bridgeless single phase AC-DC power factor corrector is presented. The proposed scheme is based on the interleaved topology of buck-boost converter without a bridge rectifier at the input stage for AC-DC conversion. The required AC-DC conversion is done with the help of the interleaved topology of the buck-boost converter. The...
In this study, a new fuzzy approach is proposed for load frequency control (LFC) of a multi-area power system. The main control system is constructed by use of interval type-2 fuzzy inference systems (IT2FIS) and fractional-order calculus. In designing the controller, there is no need for the system dynamics, therefore the system Jacobian is obtain...
The objective of this study is minimizing the frequency deviation due to the load variations and fluctuations of renewable energy resources. In this paper, a new type-2 fuzzy control (T2FLC) approach is presented for load frequency control (LFC) in power systems with multi-areas, demand response (DR), battery energy storage system (BESS), and wind...
The Industry 4.0 concept of a Digital Twin will bring many advantages for wind energy conversion systems, e.g., in condition monitoring, predictive maintenance and the optimisation of control or design parameters. A virtual replica is at the heart of a digital twin. To construct a virtual replica, appropriate modelling techniques must be selected f...
This study deals with the techno-economic aspects of tidal stream energy integration with hydrogen production. Firstly, the end-to-end system is modelled, including the possibility to study scaling-up scenarios. The energy management strategies are then analysed from a rule-based approach. An objective function to maximise the revenue under optimal...
In this paper, the performance of Variable Reluctance Linear Resolver (VR-L-Resolver) with overlapping and non-overlapping windings is investigated by a novel parametric Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC). The proposed MEC is capable of modeling various VR-L-Resolvers with arbitrary geometry and adjustable accuracy by changing the number of consider...
A hybrid AC/DC grid, segregating the demand on the existing AC grid and the renewable production and storage on an LVDC backbone responds to the challenges faced nowadays when integrating DER on the traditional AC grid. The single point of injection by means of an LVDC backbone has a number of advantages, which are assessed in this study. Having an...
The voltage regulator is designed based on a transfer function of the system pre-converter with ideal current control. This transfer function is obtained by first obtaining the system equation for the pre-converter with ideal current control. Subsequently, we look for a possible regime solution for a sinusoidal power supply and then arrive at the t...
This paper addresses some of the technical and
economic aspects of coupling a tidal energy plant with a
local electrical grid for hydrogen production. Here, the
annual tidal current data are treated to obtain seasonal
distributions. Three reference daily profiles are then
deduced, representing for each season the highest,
average, and lowest...
Wind turbines are one of the most rapid growing and promising technologies for renewable power generation today. However, the share of wind energy in the global energy mix is almost entirely attributed to large turbines. Despite their unique merits, small wind turbines remain a marginal phenomenon, as they lack the technological maturity of their l...
This paper presents a new parametric Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC) for modeling a new Permanent Magnet Resolver (PM-Resolver) with adjustable accuracy. Pole saliency of the rotor is considered based on a function and air-gap permeances are computed in such a way that different types of eccentric rotor can be modeled for the first time. Moreover...
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have drawn significant attention in the past years to make the transition towards low carbon emissions. On the one hand, the intermittent nature of RES, resulting in variable power generation, hinders their high-level penetration in the power system. On the other hand, RES can aid not only to supply much more eco-frie...
The increasing penetration of PV into the distribution grid leads to congestion, causing detrimental power quality issues. Moreover, the multiple small photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) result in increasing conversion losses. A low-voltage DC (LVDC) backbone to interconnect these assets would decrease the conversi...
Among renewable energy sources, wind energy is one of the most promising ones. However, small and medium wind turbines need to cope with the natural intermittent nature of wind speed at lower altitudes. This imposes challenges on optimally tracking the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the turbine. Up to now, various MPPT techniques have been proposed....
With the continuous evolution of the power system towards a more renewable energy based system, a natural and gradual transition will be to provide ancillary services by using renewable production units. Research has shown this to be feasible for wind farms by using efficient prediction and sophisticated control systems. In some parts of the world,...
In light of the latest technological achievements in wind farm control, wind power producers (WPPs) are motivated to participate
in the joint day-ahead energy and reserve market (JERM) so as to obtain additional revenue by offering ancillary services.
However, their expected profit is potentially affected by fast fluctuations of the available win...
Among renewable energy sources, wind energy is one of the most promising ones. However, small and medium wind turbines need to cope with the natural intermittent nature of wind speed at lower altitudes. This imposes challenges on optimally tracking the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the turbine. Up to now, various MPPT techniques have been proposed....
Distributed generation (DG) allows the production of renewable energy where it is consumed, avoiding transport losses. It is envisioned that future DG units will become more intelligent, not just injecting power into the grid but also actively improving the power quality by means of active power filtering techniques. In this manner, voltage and cur...
The current energy transition and the underlying growth in variable and uncertain
renewable-based energy generation challenge the proper operation of power systems. Classical probabilistic uncertainty models, e.g., stochastic programming or robust optimisation, have been used widely to solve problems such as the day-ahead energy and reserve dispatc...
This paper presents an optimisation model to assess the techno-economic feasibility of a hydrogen refuelling station, which purchases power from the electricity market, supplies the mobility sector with hydrogen, and participates in the ancillary service market. The problem is formed as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model to investigate the...
As the share of renewable energy sources increases, the grid frequency becomes more unstable. Therefore, grid balancing services will become more important in the future. Dedicated devices can be installed close to the point where offshore wind farms are connected to the transmission grid on land. There, they can be used to attenuate power variatio...
The share of renewable energy is increasing because of environmental concerns and favorable economic conditions. The majority of the distributed energy resources, connected to the low-voltage grid, are inverter-connected units. These inverters are controlled by using specially developed control strategies to determine the power injection between th...
The increased penetration of renewable energy sources in the electrical grid raises the need for more power system flexibility. One of the high potential groups to provide such flexibility is the industry. Incentives to do so are provided by variable pricing and remuneration of supplied ancillary services. The operational flexibility of a chlor-alk...
With the increasing shares of intermittent renewable sources in the grid, it becomes increasingly essential to quantify the requirements of the power systems flexibility. In this article, an adjusted weight flexibility metric (AWFM) is developed to quantify the available flexibility within individual generators as well as within the overall system....
This article proposes a recent Adaptive Predictive (AP) control technique applied to a DC-DC buck converter. This converter topology has a wide range of applications in the current electronic and electrical systems that demand an efficient use of low bus voltage and specific requirements in load current consumption. Nevertheless, this converter, an...
Photovoltaic (PV) installations located in the northern hemisphere must be oriented to the south in order to obtain maximal annual yield. This is mainly driven by the remuneration mechanisms which incentivize maximal energy production to a certain extent. Nowadays, such support mechanisms are declining or even phased out in many countries. Hence, s...
Like many other Western countries, Belgium has committed to internationally set climate goals entailing, such as the reduction of primary energy consumption and the increase of the share of renewable energy production in the total energy mix. Additionally, Belgium has decided to phase out its nuclear energy production, the nation's largest source o...
This article investigates the impact of the pitch-to-stall and pitch-to-feather control concepts on horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) with different blade designs. Pitch-to-feather control is widely used to limit the power output of wind turbines in high wind speed conditions. However, stall control has not been taken forward in the industry be...
The imbalance settlement procedure is an important part of the electricity system. A financial incentive ensures that Balance Responsible Parties (BRPs) help to balance the grid. A European Guideline on Electricity Balancing (EBGL) strives at implementing a full single imbalance pricing methodology for imbalance markets in Europe. In this work the...
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) for prosumers in distribution grids can be used to increase self-consumption of a PV installation and to stack ancillary services. A variable pricing strategy is used to incentivise prosumers to participate in some ancillary services while other ancillary services are implemented through an economic remunerati...
Amongst power converters, rectifiers are needed by many devices that are connected at the distribution end of AC electrical power networks. When large capacitors are used to reduce the voltage ripple at the dc output, the line current becomes non-sinusoidal. Such non-sinusoidal line currents increase the total harmonic distortion, resulting in sign...
In a decarbonised economy, hydrogen could be a promising energy carrier, mainly for the transportation sector. Using hydrogen-filled vehicles can decrease air pollution and greenhouse gas emission. One of the requirements for the implementation of hydrogen as a fuel for the transportation sector is a focus on the optimal design of hydrogen refuelli...
Power supply modules can be connected in parallel in order to build up a complex power system. Connecting many converters is more beneficial compared to a single larger power unit because of component stresses, modular implementation, flexible power requirements, and design variations. All of the above benefits can be achieved as long as the load c...
In this paper, an adaptive type-2 fuzzy controller is proposed to control the load frequency of a two-area power system based on descending gradient training and error back-propagation. The dynamics of the system are completely uncertain. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network structure is used to extract Jacobian and estimate th...
In Belgium, and many other countries, rooftop solar panels are becoming a ubiquitous form of decentralised energy production. The increasing share of these distributed installations however imposes many challenges on the operators of the low-voltage distribution grid. They must keep the voltage levels and voltage balance on their grids in check and...
This article provides an agent-based model of a hypothetical standalone electricity network to identify how the feed-in tariffs and the installed capacity of wind power, calculated in percentage of total system demand, affect the electricity consumption from renewables. It includes the mechanism of electricity pricing on the Day Ahead Market (DAM)...
ITEG will develop and validate an integrated hydrogen production solution for clean energy generation and storage in remote areas facing grid export limitation. Project objectives:
• Open up new market opportunities for the ocean energy sector through energy storage
• Optimise the EMS and fast-track the integrated solution towards commercialisati...
This article provides an agent-based model of a hypothetical standalone electricit